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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis

Description: The dark fixation of carbon dioxide by green algae has been investigated and found to be closely related to photosynthesis fixation. By illumination in the absence of carbon dioxide followed by treatment with radioactive carbon dioxide in the dark, the amount fixed has been increased ten to twenty fold. This rate of maximum fixation approaches photosynthesis maximum rates. The majority of the radioactive products formed under these conditions have been identified and isolated and the distributi… more
Date: March 8, 1948
Creator: Calvin, M. & Benson, A. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Phosphorus Turnover and Photosynthesis

Description: The participation of phosphorus in biological oxidation-reduction reactions of the type found in glycolysis ADP + PO{sub 4}H{sup -} + 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde + DPN{sup +} = 3-phosphoglycerate{sup -} + 2H{sup +} + DPNH + ATP has suggested theories in which similar reactions are proposed for photosynthesis. In these theories the reducing power of photosynthesis is utilized not only for reduction of carbon dioxide but also, by means of coupled oxidations, for the generation of high-energy phosphat… more
Date: November 1, 1947
Creator: Aronoff, Sam & Calvin, Melvin
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis II. Amino Acids

Description: The radioactive amino acid's synthesized from C{sup 14}O{sub 2} by green algae both in the light and in the dark after CO{sub 2}-free preillumination have been separated and identified using paper chromatography and radioautography. The radioactive amino acids identified were aspartic acid, alanine and smaller amounts of 3- and 4-carbon amino acids. This finding as well as the total absence of radioactive glutamic acid substantiates the mechanism for reduction of CO{sub 2} previously postulated… more
Date: May 25, 1948
Creator: Stepka, W.; Benson, A. A. & Calvin, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis III

Description: Although the overall reaction of photosynthesis can be specified with some degree of certainty (CO{sub 2} + H{sub 2}O + light {yields} sugars + possibly other reduced substances), the intermediates through which the carbon passes during the course of this reduction have, until now, been largely a matter of conjecture. The availability of isotopic carbon, that is, a method of labeling the carbon dioxide, provides the possibility of some very direct experiments designed to recognize these interme… more
Date: June 1, 1948
Creator: Benson, A. A. & Calvin, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis IV. The Identity and Sequencefo the Intermediates in Sucrose Synthesis

Description: The synthesis of sucrose from C{sup 14}0{sub 22} by green algae has been investigated and the intermediates separated by the method of paper chromatography. It is shown that sucrose is the first free sugar appearing during photosynthesis. It is apparently formed by condensation of the glucose-I-phosphate and a fructose phosphate. A series of radioautographs of paper chromatograms of extracts from plants which have photosynthesized for different periods of time has been prepared. The results ind… more
Date: December 14, 1948
Creator: Calvin, M. & Benson, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Phosphorus Turnover and Photosynthesis

Description: The participation of phosphorus in biological oxidation-reduction reactions of the type found in glycolysis ADP {ne} PO{sub 4}H{sup -} + 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde + DPN{sup +} = 3-phosphoglycerate{sup -} + 2H{sup +} + DPHN + ATP has suggested theories in which similar reactions are proposed for photosynthesis. In these theories the reducing power of photosynthesis is utilized not only for reduction of carbon dioxide but also, by means of coupled oxidations, for the generation of high-energy phosp… more
Date: November 1, 1947
Creator: Calvin, Melvin
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VI.

Description: This paper is a compilation of the essential results of our experimental work in the determination of the path of carbon in photosynthesis. There are discussions of the dark fixation of photosynthesis and methods of separation and identification including paper chromatography and radioautography. The definition of the path of carbon in photosynthesis by the distribution of radioactivity Within the compounds is described.
Date: June 30, 1949
Creator: Calvin, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis VII Respiration andPhotosynthesis

Description: The relationship of respiration to photosynthesis in barley seedling leaves and the algae, Chlorella and Scenedesmus, has been investigated using radioactive carbon dioxide and the techniques of paper chromatography and radioautography. The plants are allowed to photosynthesize normally for thirty seconds in c{sup 14}O{sub 2} after which they are allowed to respire in air or helium in the light or dark. Respiration of photosynthetic intermediates as evidenced by the appearance of labeled glutom… more
Date: July 21, 1949
Creator: Benson, A. A. & Calvin, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An Isotope Effect in Photosynthesis

Description: In the course of some kinetic studies on photosynthesis of barley seedlings, it has been found that plants utilize C{sup 12}O{sub 2} faster than C{sup 14}O{sub 2}. The plants were placed in a closed system containing an infra-red absorption-cell for the analysis of total CO{sub 2} and an ionization chamber for the determination of C{sup 14}O{sub 2} in the gas phase, both instruments recording continuously. Carbon dioxide, containing about 2% C{sup 14}O{sub 2}, was introduced in the dark and the… more
Date: November 23, 1948
Creator: Weigl, John W. & Calvin, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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