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Experimental and theoretical investigations of marine stratocumulus cloud sensitivity to climate parameters using ship-trail clouds

Description: The formation and radiative properties of clouds are poorly parameterized in numerical climate models, especially marine boundary layer clouds. Twomey (1991), after describing the importance of cloud microphysics to the climate problem, states Clearly, many more field measurements and laboratory experiments are called for, rather than endless repetitions of computer simulations that are closely related to each other and parameterize in very similar ways.'' The effort described here is a field e… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Porch, W.; Buchwald, M.; Glatzmaier, T.; Kao, C.-Y.; Unruh, W. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Hudson, J. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Interseasonal air-sea interactions in the OSU (Oregon State University) coupled upper ocean-atmosphere GCM (general circulation model)

Description: In this paper we examine the climatology of some variables which play an important role in the generation of low frequency variability in the Oregon State University coupled upper ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM). The atmospheric model, representing the troposphere, consists of two equal mass layers between the surface and 200mb. The ocean model, developed by Pollard (1982), consists of two variable depth layers crudely representing the mixed layer and thermocline which overlie … more
Date: November 1, 1990
Creator: Sperber, K.R.; Gates, W.L.; Potter, G.L. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)) & Hameed, S. (State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY (USA). Inst. for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Formulating Energy Policies Related to Fossil Fuel Use: Critical Uncertainties in the Global Carbon Cycle

Description: The global carbon cycle is the dynamic interaction among the earth's carbon sources and sinks. Four reservoirs can be identified, including the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere, oceans, and sediments. Atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration is determined by characteristics of carbon fluxes among major reservoirs of the global carbon cycle. The objective of this paper is to document the knowns, and unknowns and uncertainties associated with key questions that if answered will increase the understan… more
Date: 1990~
Creator: Post, W. M.; Dale, V. H.; DeAngelis, D. L.; Mann, L. K.; Mulholland, P. J.; O'Neill, R. V. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Global climate feedbacks

Description: The important physical, chemical, and biological events that affect global climate change occur on a mesoscale -- requiring high spatial resolution for their analysis. The Department of Energy has formulated two major initiatives under the US Global Change Program: ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurements), and CHAMMP (Computer Hardware Advanced Mathematics and Model Physics). ARM is designed to use ground and air-craft based observations to document profiles of atmospheric composition, clouds, … more
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Manowitz, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems program: Understanding and managing our coastal ocean. Volume 2: Overview and invited papers

Description: This document is a compilation of summaries of papers presented at the Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems workshop. Topics include; marine forecasting, regulatory agencies and regulations, research and application models, research and operational observing, oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation, and coastal physical processes.
Date: May 15, 1990
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Onset time and strength of oceanic deep convection diagnosed from an ocean large-eddy simulation model

Description: Deep convection has an important role in the large-scale thermohaline circulation, which in turn plays a central part in determining global climate. Manabe and Stouffer`s climate simulations have shown that the thermal and dynamic structure of the oceans have pronounced changes in model climates with increased CO{sub 2}. In their simulations, the addition of low-salinity surface water at high latitudes prevents the ventilation of the deep ocean, thus reducing or in some cases nearly extinguishi… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Denbo, D. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems program: Understanding and managing our coastal ocean. Volume 1: Strategic summary

Description: The proposed COPS (Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems) program is concerned with combining numerical models with observations (through data assimilation) to improve our predictive knowledge of the coastal ocean. It is oriented toward applied research and development and depends upon the continued pursuit of basic research in programs like COOP (Coastal Ocean Processes); i.e., to a significant degree it is involved with ``technology transfer`` from basic knowledge to operational and management app… more
Date: May 15, 1990
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change: Proceedings. Volume 2

Description: The International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change took place on the campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks on June 11--15, 1990. The goal of the conference was to define and summarize the state of knowledge on the role of the polar regions in global change, and to identify gaps in knowledge. To this purpose experts in a wide variety of relevant disciplines were invited to present papers and hold panel discussions. While there are numerous conferences on global… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Weller, G.; Wilson, C. L. & Severin, B. A. B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Model-based inversion for a shallow ocean application

Description: A model-based approach to invert or estimate the sound speed profile (SSP) from noisy pressure-field measurements is discussed. The resulting model-based processor (MBP) is based on the state-space representation of the normal-mode propagation model. Using data obtained from the well-known Hudson Canyon experiment, a noisy shallow water ocean environment, the processor is designed and the results compared to those predicted using various propagation models and data. It is shown that the MBP not… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Candy, J. V. & Sullivan, E. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change: Proceedings. Volume 1

Description: The International Conference on the Role of the Polar Regions in Global Change took place on the campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks on June 11--15, 1990. The goal of the conference was to define and summarize the state of knowledge on the role of the polar regions in global change, and to identify gaps in knowledge. To this purpose experts in a wide variety of relevant disciplines were invited to present papers and hold panel discussions. While there are numerous conferences on global… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Weller, G.; Wilson, C. L. & Severin, B. A. B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Simple ocean carbon cycle models

Description: Simple ocean carbon cycle models can be used to calculate the rate at which the oceans are likely to absorb CO{sub 2} from the atmosphere. For problems involving steady-state ocean circulation, well calibrated ocean models produce results that are very similar to results obtained using general circulation models. Hence, simple ocean carbon cycle models may be appropriate for use in studies in which the time or expense of running large scale general circulation models would be prohibitive. Simpl… more
Date: February 1, 1994
Creator: Caldeira, K.; Hoffert, M. I. & Siegenthaler, U.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Radiological Assessment for the Dumping of Radioactive Wastes in the Oceans

Description: Over the last three decades or so, a number of international meetings have been convened to treat the specific problem of radioactive waste disposal into the oceans. The first of these meetings was held in 1958 at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Immediately following, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in the Brynielsson Report, recommended measures for ensuring that disposal of radioactive waste into the sea would not result in unacceptable hazards to man (IAEA… more
Date: June 1993
Creator: Templeton, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Sea Water Radiocarbon Evolution in the Gulf of Alaska: 2002 Observations

Description: Oceanic uptake and transport of bomb radiocarbon as {sup 14}CO{sub 2} created by atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s has been a useful diagnostic to determine the carbon transfer between the ocean and atmosphere. In addition, the distribution of radiocarbon in the ocean can be used as a tracer of oceanic circulation. Results obtained from samples collected in the Gulf of Alaska in the summer of 2002 provide a direct comparison with results in the 1970s during GEOSECS and … more
Date: April 8, 2005
Creator: Guilderson, T. P.; Roark, E. B.; Quay, P. D.; Flood-Page, S. R. & Moy, C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Developing Grid based infrastructure or climate modeling

Description: In this paper we discuss the development of a high performance climate modeling system as an example of the application of Grid based technology to climate modeling. The climate simulation system at Argonne currently includes a scientific modeling interface (Espresso) written in Java which incorporates Globus middleware to facilitate climate simulations on the Grid. The climate modeling system also includes a high performance version of MM5v3.4 modified for long climate simulations on our 512 p… more
Date: August 15, 2002
Creator: Taylor, J.; Dvorak, M. & Mickelson, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The growth of the oceanic boundary layer during the COARE intensive observational period: Large Eddy simulation results

Description: A principal goal of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) is to gain an understanding of the processes that control mixing in the upper 100 m of the western tropical Pacific warm pool. The warm pool is an important heat reservoir for the global ocean and is responsible for many of the observed climatic changes associated with El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This water mass is highly sensitive to mixed-layer processes that ar… more
Date: March 1, 1995
Creator: Skyllingstad, E. D.; Wijesekera, H. W. & Gregg, M. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Global climate feedbacks: Conclusions and recommendations of the June 1990 BNL workshop

Description: The issue of global change initiated by increases in the concentrations of CO{sub 2} and other greenhouse gases is a scientific issue with major policy implications. The best means to examine the response of the Earth's climate to prospective perturbations in radiative forcing caused by such changes, and to other industrial activities, is modeling, specifically by means of general circulation models (GCMs) of the Earth's atmosphere and of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system. The purpose of this… more
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Manowitz, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Global atmospheric and ocean modeling on the connection machine

Description: This paper describes the high-level architecture of two parallel global climate models: an atmospheric model based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) SKYHI model, and an ocean model descended from the Bryan-Cox-Semtner ocean general circulation model. These parallel models are being developed as part of a long-term research collaboration between Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and the GFDL. The goal of this collaboration is to develop parallel global climate models which … more
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Atlas, S. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Coastal Ocean Prediction Systems program: Understanding and managing our coastal ocean

Description: The goal of COPS is to couple a program of regular observations to numerical models, through techniques of data assimilation, in order to provide a predictive capability for the US coastal ocean including the Great Lakes, estuaries, and the entire Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The objectives of the program include: determining the predictability of the coastal ocean and the processes that govern the predictability; developing efficient prediction systems for the coastal ocean based on the assi… more
Date: June 1, 1990
Creator: Eden, H. F. & Mooers, C. N. K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Radiological assessment for the dumping of radioactive wastes in the oceans

Description: Over the last three decades or so, a number of international meetings have been convened to treat the specific problem of radioactive waste disposal into the oceans. The first of these meetings was held in 1958 at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Immediately following, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in the Brynielsson Report, recommended measures for ensuring that disposal of radioactive waste into the sea would not result in unacceptable hazards to man (IAEA… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Templeton, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Climate systems modeling on massively parallel processing computers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Description: A comprehensive climate system model is under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The basis for this model is a consistent coupling of multiple complex subsystem models, each describing a major component of the Earth`s climate. Among these are general circulation models of the atmosphere and ocean, a dynamic and thermodynamic sea ice model, and models of the chemical processes occurring in the air, sea water, and near-surface land. The computational resources necessary to car… more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Wehner, W. F.; Mirin, A. A. & Bolstad, J. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Deep convection in the Arctic: The evaluation of results from an OGCM with a new convection parameterization

Description: The current generation of ocean general circulation models (OGCMS) uses a convective adjustment scheme to remove static instabilities and to parameterize shallow and deep convection. In simulations used to examine climate-related scenarios, investigators found that in the Arctic regions, the OGCM simulations did not produce a realistic vertical density structure, did not create the correct quantity of deep water, and did not use a time-scale of adjustment that is in agreement with tracer ages o… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Paluszkiewicz, T.; Hibler, L.F. & Romea, R.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Coupled ocean/atmosphere modeling on high-performance computing systems

Description: We investigate performance of a coupled ocean/atmosphere general circulation model on high-performance computing systems. Our programming paradigm has been domain decomposition with message- passing for distributed memory. With the emergence of SMP clusters we are investigating how to best support shaped memory as well. We consider how to assign processes to the major model components so as to obtain optimal load balance. We examine throughput on contemporary parallel architectures, such as the… more
Date: December 1, 1996
Creator: Eltgroth, P. G.; Bolstad, J. H.; Duffy, P. B.; Mirin, A. A.; Wang, H. & Wehner, M. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Forward-in-time differencing for fluids: Nonhydrostatic modeling of fluid motions on a sphere

Description: Traditionally, numerical models for simulating planetary scale weather and climate employ the hydrostatic primitive equations--an abbreviated form of Navier-Stokes` equations that neglect vertical accelerations and use simplified Coriolis forces. Although there is no evidence so far that including nonhydrostatic effects in global models has any physical significance for large scale solutions, there is an emerging trend in the community toward restoring Navier-Stokes` equations (or at least thei… more
Date: December 31, 1998
Creator: Smolarkiewicz, P.K.; Grubisic, V.; Margolin, L.G. & Wyszogrodzki, A.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comprehensive climate system modeling on massively parallel computers

Description: A better understanding of both natural and human induced changes to the Earth`s climate is necessary for policy makers to make informed decisions regarding energy usage and other greenhouse gas producing activities. To achieve this, substantial increases in the sophistication of climate models are required. Coupling between the climate subsystems of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and biosphere is only now beginning to be explored in global models. the enormous computational expenses of such… more
Date: October 1, 1996
Creator: Wehner, M. F.; Eltgroth, P. G.; Mirin, A. A.; Duffy, P. B.; Caldeira, K. G.; Bolstad, J. H. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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