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Biological Effects of Blast. Technical Progress Report

Description: The current state of knowledge relevant to biological blast effects was summarized in a selective manner. Initially, five problems of concern to those who would relate the environmental variations produced by nuclear weapons with biological response and hazard assessment were pointed out. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and miscellaneous blast effects were defined and selected interspecies experimental data of a physical and pathophysiological nature useful in estimating human response were prese… more
Date: December 1, 1961
Creator: White, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Bibliography of reports by US Geological Survey personnel pertaining to underground nuclear testing and radioactive waste disposal at the Nevada Test Site, and radioactive waste disposal at the WIPP Site, New Mexico, January 1, 1979-December 31, 1979

Description: This bibliography presents reports released to the public between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 1979, by personnel of the US Geological Survey. Reports include information on underground nuclear testing and waste management projects at the NTS (Nevada Test Site) and radioactive waste projects at the WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) site, New Mexico. Reports on Project Dribble, Tatum Dome, Mississippi, previously prepared as administrative reports and released to the public as 474-series r… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Glanzman, V.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Plutonium, americium, and uranium in blow-sand mounds of safety-shot sites at the Nevada Test Site and the Tonopah Test Range

Description: Blow-sand mounds or miniature sand dunes and mounds created by burrowing activities of animals were investigated by the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) to determine the influence of mounds on plutonium, americium, and uranium distributions and inventories in areas of the Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range. Those radioactive elements were added to the environment as a result of safety experiments of nuclear devices. Two studies were conducted. The first was to estimate the vertical dist… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Essington, E. H.; Gilbert, R. O.; Wireman, D. L.; Brady, D. N. & Fowler, E. B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Inelastic processes in seismic wave generation by underground explosions

Description: Theories, computer calculations, and measurements of spherical stress waves from explosions are described and compared, with emphasis on the transition from inelastic to almost-elastic relations between stress and strain. Two aspects of nonspherical explosion geometry are considered: tectonic strain release and surface spall. Tectonic strain release affects the generation of surface waves; spall closure may also. The reduced-displacement potential is a common solution (the equivalent elastic so… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Rodean, H.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Radioactive waste management in the former USSR

Description: Radioactive waste materials--and the methods being used to treat, process, store, transport, and dispose of them--have come under increased scrutiny over last decade, both nationally and internationally. Nuclear waste practices in the former Soviet Union, arguably the world's largest nuclear waste management system, are of obvious interest and may affect practices in other countries. In addition, poor waste management practices are causing increasing technical, political, and economic problems … more
Date: June 1, 1992
Creator: Bradley, D.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Estimate of earth media shear strength at the Nevada Test Site

Description: A method is presented of estimating the effective shear strength of the fractured rock that surrounds a nuclear detonation. To do this, we measure the cavity radii from previous detonations. We also use numerical computer codes to model the explosion phenomenology and develop the functional relationship between the normalized cavity displacement and the normalized shear strength of the rock. In this sense, the computer codes serve as replica models that are dimensionally analyzed to interpret t… more
Date: November 3, 1977
Creator: Terhune, R. W. & Glenn, H. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Passive neutron dosimetry on cruise missile tests

Description: One of the components exercised during development tests of cruise missiles is the neutron generator that supplies the burst of neutrons needed to initiate a nuclear explosion. The subject of this report is a method of verifying the production of neutrons using a passive neutron activation technique that is sufficiently sensitive to detect a decay rate of a few atoms per hour.
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Ewing, R.I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Blast tests of expedient shelters in the DICE THROW event

Description: To determine the worst blast environments that eight types of expedient shelters can withstand, we subjected a total of 18 shelters to the 1-kiloton blast effects of Defense Nuclear Agency's DICE THROW main event. These expedient shelters included two Russian and two Chinese types. The best shelter tested was a Small-Pole Shelter that had a box-like room of Russian design with ORNL-designed expedient blast entries and blast doors added. It was undamaged at the 53-psi peak overpressure range; th… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Kearny, C. H. & Chester, C. V.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Assessment of environmental health and safety issues associated with the commercialization of unconventional gas recovery: Tight Western Sands

Description: Results of a study to identify and evaluate potential public health and safety problems and the potential environmental impacts from recovery of natural gas from Tight Western Sands are reported. A brief discussion of economic and technical constraints to development of this resource is also presented to place the environmental and safety issues in perspective. A description of the resource base, recovery techniques, and possible environmental effects associated with tight gas sands is presente… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Riedel, E.F.; Cowan, C.E. & McLaughlin, T.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of low-loss multimode optical fibers for nuclear diagnostics

Description: The application of low loss multimode optical fibers to nuclear diagnostics has been discussed in previous papers. Fiber requirements for this application differ substantially from those for normal communications use. The emphasis for nuclear measurements has been on development of high frequency analog fiber optic transmission line systems, which range from 100 MHz to > 500 MHz signals transmitted at 600 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Accordingly, specialized fiber characterization procedures ov… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Ogle, J. W.; Nelson, M. A.; Davies, T.J.; Lutz, S.; Lin, C. H.; Theobald, K. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Disruption of satellite-to-ground station communication links by nuclear fireballs

Description: Diffraction around nuclear fireballs near the line of sight for satellite-to-ground communication links is calculated numerically. The geometry allows assumption of geometric optics and plane-wave signals. The fireball is modeled as an opaque disk normal to the line of sight. The effect of disk shape and edge taper is considered. 13 figures, 1 table.
Date: October 1, 1977
Creator: Sullivan, T.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Calculating the vulnerability of synthetic polymers to autoignition during nuclear flash. Final report

Description: The purpose of our investigation was to determine if the rapid progression of fire to flashover conditions in a furnished room, observed in a 1953 nuclear weapons test at the Nevada Test Site (the Encore Event), might be typical behavior rather than an aberration. If flashover under such conditions is indeed likely, this phenomenon is worth pursuing in view of the increased threat to buildings and human life from possible large-scale fires. We placed special emphasis on fires that occurred in m… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Hickman, R. & Reitter, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Gamma Exposure Rates Due to Neutron Activation of Soil: Site of Hood Detonation, Operation Plumbbob

Description: This paper is the result of some recent discussions of exposure rates within the first few hours of the Hood detonation of the Plumbbob series due to neutron activation of soil. We estimated the exposure rates from 1/2 to 3 h after the detonation from ground zero to 1000 yards from ground zero. The area was assumed to be uncontaminated by fallout. Soil samples from the area of the Nevada Test Site at which the Hood device was detonated were sent to ORNL by Dr. John Malik of Los Alamos and by Mr… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Auxier, J. A. & Ohnesorge, W. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

FPS camera sync and reset chassis

Description: The sync and reset chassis provides all the circuitry required to synchronize an event to be studied, a remote free-running focus projection and scanning (FPS) data-acquisition TV camera, and a video signal recording system. The functions, design, and operation of this chassis are described in detail.
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Yates, G. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Initial radiation dosimetry at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Description: The dosimetry of A-bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki is discussed in light of the new dosimetry developed in 1980 by the author. The important changes resulting from the new dosimetry are the ratios of neutron to gamma doses, particularly at Hiroshima. The implications of these changes in terms of epidemiology and radiation protection standards are discussed. (ACR)
Date: September 1, 1983
Creator: Loewe, W.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cancer risks and neutron RBE's from Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Description: The new radiation dose estimates for Hiroshima and Nagasaki are here combined with epidemiologic data from the A-bomb survivors and examined radiobiologically for compatability with other human and experimental data. The new doses show certain improvements over the original T65 doses. However, they suggest for chronic granulocytic leukemia, total malignancies, and chromosome aberrations, at neutron doses of 1 rad, RBEs in excess of 100, higher than expected from other findings. This and other i… more
Date: April 30, 1982
Creator: Dobson, R.L. & Straume, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Nevada test site fallout atom ratios: /sup 240/Pu//sup 239/Pu and /sup 241/Pu//sup 239/Pu

Description: The exposure of the population in Utah to external gamma radiation from the fallout from nuclear weapons tests carried out between 1951 and 1958 at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) has been reconstructed from recent measurements of /sup 137/Cs and plutonium in soil. The fraction of /sup 137/Cs in the fallout from NTS events was calculated from the total plutonium and the /sup 240/Pu//sup 239/Pu ratios measured in the soil, using the values of 0.180 +- 0.006 and 0.032 +- 0.003 for that ratio in global… more
Date: February 1, 1984
Creator: Hicks, H.G. & Barr, D.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

New half-voltage and double phase operation of the Hermes III linear induction accelerator

Description: The standard operating mode produces bremsstrahlung with an endpoint energy of about 18 MeV. This paper describes a new mode with a 8.5 MeV endpoint energy and the same standard mode pulse characteristics achieved by operating only half of the accelerator at full charge with the advantage of minimal setup time. An extension of the new half-voltage mode is to use the other half of the accelerator for delivering a second pulse at a later time with the same technique. The double pulse mode is idea… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Mikkelson, K.A.; Westfall, R.L.; Harper-Slaboszewicz, V.J. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)) & Neely, S.M. (K-Tech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Permeability of stemming materials for prompt gas sampling

Description: The permeability and porosity of a suite of man-made granular aggregates and stemming materials currently in use at NTS was measured in 1-D loading as a function of stress. In all cases, the gas permeability was measured at 22 MPa after cycling up and down from 100 to 1200 MPa. Depending on stress and material, permeability decreased up to three orders of magnitude, porosity up to 63% and the sample compacted by as much as 35%. Steel ball bearings were found to retain the highest permeability o… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Beiriger, J. & Trimmer, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

DENBIG and DARN. Codes for the reduction of digital pinex data

Description: Code DENBIG was written to reduce the digital pinex data received from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) experiments. Output modes are density plots, contour plots, splatter plots, equivalent radius calculations, line cuts, and reduced data in matrix form. Provisions are included to incorporate subtraction of dry-run data, transfer function corrections, and pinhole absorption corrections. Code DARN processes pinex data in which electromagnetic pulse shifts h… more
Date: October 1, 1977
Creator: Beyer, L.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical simulation of self-induced rainout using a dynamic convective cloud model

Description: The hypothesis that self-induced rainout can occur is supported by observations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where deposition of weapons debris with precipitation occurred several km downwind of the burst point. This precipitation was initiated either directly by the nuclear weapons or by the ensuing fires. Simulation of the Nagasaki event with a convection cloud precipitation scavenging model, although fraught with many questionable assumptions, agrees surprisingly well with the observations and… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Molenkamp, C.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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