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Compact Proton Accelerator for Cancer Therapy

Description: An investigation is being made into the feasibility of making a compact proton dielectric wall (DWA) accelerator for medical radiation treatment based on the high gradient insulation (HGI) technology. A small plasma device is used for the proton source. Using only electric focusing fields for transporting and focusing the beam on the patient, the compact DWA proton accelerator m system can deliver wide and independent variable ranges of beam currents, energies and spot sizes.
Date: June 12, 2007
Creator: Chen, Y. & Paul, A. C.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Targeting the tumor microenvironment

Description: Despite some notable successes cancer remains, for the most part, a seemingly intractable problem. There is, however, a growing appreciation that targeting the tumor epithelium in isolation is not sufficient as there is an intricate mutually sustaining synergy between the tumor epithelial cells and their surrounding stroma. As the details of this dialogue emerge, new therapeutic targets have been proposed. The FDA has already approved drugs targeting microenvironmental components such as VEGF a… more
Date: November 7, 2006
Creator: Kenny, P. A.; Lee, G. Y. & Bissell, M. J.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Non-destructive Identification of Individual Leukemia Cells by Optical Trapping Raman Spectroscopy

Description: Currently, a combination of technologies is typically required to assess the malignancy of cancer cells. These methods often lack the specificity and sensitivity necessary for early, accurate diagnosis. Here we demonstrate using clinical samples the application of laser trapping Raman spectroscopy as a novel approach that provides intrinsic biochemical markers for the noninvasive detection of individual cancer cells. The Raman spectra of live, hematopoietic cells provide reliable molecular fing… more
Date: March 5, 2007
Creator: Chan, J W; Taylor, D S; Lane, S; Zwerdling, T; Tuscano, J & Huser, T
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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SATB1 tethers multiple gene loci to reprogram expression profiledriving breast cancer metastasis

Description: Global changes in gene expression occur during tumor progression, as indicated by expression profiling of metastatic tumors. How this occurs is poorly understood. SATB1 functions as a genome organizer by folding chromatin via tethering multiple genomic loci and recruiting chromatin remodeling enzymes to regulate chromatin structure and expression of a large number of genes. Here we show that SATB1 is expressed at high levels in aggressive breast cancer cells, and is undetectable in non-malignan… more
Date: July 13, 2006
Creator: Han, Hye-Jung; Kohwi, Yoshinori & Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Task Group 7B: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Aging: The Roles of Nature, Nurture and Chance in the Maintenance of Human Healthspan

Description: The degree to which an individual organism maintains healthspan and lifespan is a function of complex interactions between genetic inheritance ('nature'), environment, including cultural inheritance (nurture) and stochastic events ('luck' or 'chance'). This task group will focus upon the role of chance because it is so poorly understood and because it appears to be of major importance in the determination of individual variations in healthspan and lifespan within species. The major factor deter… more
Date: November 14, 2007
Creator: Weier, Heinz-Ulrich; Arya, Suresh; Grant, Christine; Miller, Linda; Ono, Santa Jeremy; Patil, Chris et al.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Role of Telomere Dysfunction in Driving Genomic Instability

Description: The mechanistic role of radiation-induced genomic instability in radiation carcinogenesis is an attractive hypothesis that remains to be rigorously tested. There are few in vivo studies on which to base judgments, but work in our laboratory with mouse models of radiogenic mammary neoplasia provided the first indications that certain forms of genetically predisposed radiation-induced genomic instability may contribute to tumor development. The central goal of this research project is to more fir… more
Date: January 17, 2008
Creator: Ullrich, Robert L & Bailey, Susan
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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TRWG developmental pathway for biospecimen-based assessment modalities

Description: The Translational Research Working Group (TRWG) was created as a national initiative to evaluate the current status of NCI's investment in translational research and envision its future. The TRWG conceptualized translational research as a set of six developmental processes or pathways focused on various clinical goals. One of those pathways describes the development of biospecimen-based assays that utilize biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to cancer … more
Date: September 3, 2008
Creator: Group, Translational Research Working; Srivastava, Sudhir; Gray, Joe W.; Reid, Brian J.; Grad, Oren; Greenwood, Addison et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Improved Radiation Dosimetry/Risk Estimates to Facilitate Environmental Management of Plutonium-Contaminated Sites

Description: This report summarizes 4 years of research achievements in this Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) project. The research described was conducted by scientists and supporting staff at Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute (LRRI)/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI) and the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI). All project objectives and goals were achieved. A major focus was on obtaining improved cancer risk estimates for exposure via inh… more
Date: December 14, 2007
Creator: Scott, Bobby R.; Tokarskaya, Zoya B.; Zhuntova, Galina V.; Osovets, Sergey V. & Syrchikov, Victor A., Belyaeva, Zinaida D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The morphologies of breast cancer cell lines in three-dimensionalassays correlate with their profiles of gene expression

Description: 3D cell cultures are rapidly becoming the method of choice for the physiologically relevant modeling of many aspects of non-malignant and malignant cell behavior ex vivo. Nevertheless, only a limited number of distinct cell types have been evaluated in this assay to date. Here we report the first large scale comparison of the transcriptional profiles and 3D cell culture phenotypes of a substantial panel of human breast cancer cell lines. Each cell line adopts a colony morphology of one of four … more
Date: January 31, 2007
Creator: Kenny, Paraic A.; Lee, Genee Y.; Myers, Connie A.; Neve, RichardM.; Semeiks, Jeremy R.; Spellman, Paul T. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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National Childhood Cancer Foundation

Description: The initiative will enable the COG Biopathology Center (Biospecimen Repository), the Molecular Genetics Laboratory and other participating reference laboratories to upload large data sets to the eRDES. The capability streamlines data currency and accuracy allowing the centers to export data from local systems and import the defined data to the eRDES. The process will aid in the best practices which have been defined by the Office of Biorepository and Biospecimen Research (OBBR) and the Group Ba… more
Date: November 14, 2007
Creator: Reaman, Gregory
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Promotion of Homologous Recombination and Genomic Stability byRAD51AP1 via RAD51 Recombinase Enhancement

Description: Homologous recombination (HR) repairs chromosome damage and is indispensable for tumor suppression in humans. RAD51 mediates the DNA strand pairing step in HR. RAD51AP1 (RAD51 Associated Protein 1) is a RAD51-interacting protein whose function has remained elusive. Knockdown of RAD51AP1 in human cells by RNA interference engenders sensitivity to different types of genotoxic stress. Moreover, RAD51AP1-depleted cells are impaired for the recombinational repair of a DNA double-strand break and exh… more
Date: April 11, 2007
Creator: Wiese, Claudia; Dray, Eloise; Groesser, Torsten; San Filippo,Joseph; Shi, Idina; Collins, David W. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fragmentation Cross Sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon 12C Beamson Elemental Targets

Description: Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections at 0circ have been obtained for interactions of 290 MeV/nucleon and 400MeV/nucleon carbon beams with C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets. Thesebeams are relevant to cancer therapy, space radiation, and the productionof radioactive beams. We compare to previously published results using Cand CH2 targets at similar beam energies. Due to ambiguities arising fromthe presence of multiple fragments on many events, previous publicationshave reporte… more
Date: March 17, 2007
Creator: Zeitlin, C.; Guetersloh, S.; Heilbronn, L.; Miller, J.; Fukumura,A.; Iwata, Y. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A human breast cell model of pre-invasive to invasive transition

Description: A crucial step in human breast cancer progression is the acquisition of invasiveness. There is a distinct lack of human cell culture models to study the transition from pre-invasive to invasive phenotype as it may occur 'spontaneously' in vivo. To delineate molecular alterations important for this transition, we isolated human breast epithelial cell lines that showed partial loss of tissue polarity in three-dimensional reconstituted-basement membrane cultures. These cells remained non-invasive;… more
Date: March 10, 2008
Creator: Bissell, Mina J; Rizki, Aylin; Weaver, Valerie M.; Lee, Sun-Young; Rozenberg, Gabriela I.; Chin, Koei et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Physicochemical properties and toxicities of hydrophobicpiperidinium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids

Description: Some properties are reported for hydrophobic ionic liquids (IL) containing 1-methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium [MPPyrro]{sup +}, 1-methyl-1-butyl pyrrolidinium [MBPyrro]{sup +}, 1-methyl-1-propyl piperidinium [MPPip]{sup +}, 1-methyl-1-butyl piperidinium [MBPip]{sup +}, 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium [MOPyrro]{sup +} and 1-methyl-1-octylpiperidinium [MOPip]{sup +} cations. These liquids provide new alternatives to pyridinium and imidazolium ILs. High thermal stability of an ionic liquid increases sa… more
Date: June 25, 2007
Creator: Salminen, Justin; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Kumar, R. Anand; Lee,Jong-Min; Kerr, John; Newman, John et al.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Translating the cancer genome: Going beyond p values

Description: Cancer cells are endowed with diverse biological capabilities driven by myriad inherited and somatic genetic and epigenetic aberrations that commandeer key cancer-relevant pathways. Efforts to elucidate these aberrations began with Boveri's hypothesis of aberrant mitoses causing cancer and continue today with a suite of powerful high-resolution technologies that enable detailed catalogues of genomic aberrations and epigenomic modifications. Tomorrow will likely bring the complete atlas of rever… more
Date: April 3, 2008
Creator: Chin, Lynda; Chin, Lynda & Gray, Joe W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ovarian carcinomas with genetic and epigenetic BRCA1 loss have distinct molecular abnormalities

Description: Subclassification of ovarian carcinomas can be used to guide treatment and determine prognosis. Germline and somatic mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and epigenetic events such as promoter hypermethylation can lead to decreased expression of BRCA1/2 in ovarian cancers. The mechanism of BRCA1/2 loss is a potential method of subclassifying high grade serous carcinomas. A consecutive series of 49 ovarian cancers was assessed for mutations status of BRCA1 and BRCA2, LOH at the BRCA1 and BRC… more
Date: May 2, 2008
Creator: Gilks, C. Blake; Press, Joshua Z.; De Luca, Alessandro; Boyd, Niki; Young, Sean; Troussard, Armelle et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Oncogene mRNA Imaging with Radionuclide-PNA-Peptides

Description: New cancer gene hybridization probes to carry radionuclides were made. Noninvasive technetium-99m gamma imaging of CCND1 cancer gene activity in human breast cancer tumors in mice was demonstrated, followed by noninvasive technetium-99m imaging of MYC cancer gene activity. Noninvasive imaging of CCND1 cancer gene activity in human breast cancer tumors in mice was demonstrated with a positron-emitting copper-64 probe, followed by noninvasive positron imaging of IRS1 cancer gene activity.
Date: March 19, 2008
Creator: Wickstrom, Eric
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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LDRD Progress Report: Radioimmunotherapy using oxide nanoparticles: Radionuclide contaiment and mitigation of normal tissue toxicity.

Description: Radionuclides with specific emission properties can be incorporated into metal-chalcogenide and metal-oxide nanoparticles. Coupled to antibodies, these conjugates could be injected into the bloodstream to target and destroy non-solid tumors or target organs for radioimaging. In the first year of this project, two types of radioactive nanoparticles, CdTe: {sup 125m}Te and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}: {sup 170}Tm were synthesized and coupled to antibodies specific to murine epithelial lung tissue. The nanop… more
Date: October 1, 2005
Creator: Rondinone, Adam Justin; Dai, Sheng; Mirzadeh, Saed & Kennel, Steve J
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Epigenetic reversion of breast carcinoma phenotype is accompanied by DNA sequestration

Description: The importance of microenvironment and context in regulation of tissue-specific genes is finally well established. DNA exposure to, or sequestration from, nucleases can be used to detect differences in higher order chromatin structure in intact cells without disturbing cellular or tissue architecture. To investigate the relationship between chromatin organization and tumor phenotype, we utilized an established 3-D assay where normal and malignant human breast cells can be easily distinguished b… more
Date: July 19, 2006
Creator: Sandal, Tone; Valyi-Nagy, Klara; Spencer, Virginia A.; Folberg,Robert; Bissell, Mina J. & Maniotis, Andrew J.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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beta 1 integrin inhibition dramatically enhances radiotherapy efficacy in human breast cancer xenografts

Description: {beta}1 integrin signaling has been shown to mediate cellular resistance to apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Other signaling molecules that increase resistance include Akt, which promotes cell survival downstream of {beta}1 integrin signaling. We showed previously that {beta}1 integrin inhibitory antibodies, AIIB2, enhance apoptosis and decrease growth in human breast cancer cells in 3 dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix (3D lrECM) cultures and in vivo. Here we ask… more
Date: June 2, 2008
Creator: Park, Catherine C.; Park, Catherine C.; Zhang, Hui J.; Yao, Evelyn S.; Park, Chong J. & Bissell, Mina J.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Subcellular boron and fluorine distributions with SIMS ion microscopy in BNCT and cancer research

Description: The development of a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) based technique of Ion Microscopy in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was the main goal of this project, so that one can study the subcellular location of boron-10 atoms and their partitioning between the normal and cancerous tissue. This information is fundamental for the screening of boronated drugs appropriate for neutron capture therapy of cancer. Our studies at Cornell concentrated mainly on studies of glioblastoma multiforme … more
Date: May 30, 2008
Creator: Chandra, Subhash
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Regulation of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition

Description: The transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma is a key event in breast tumor progression that is poorly understood. Comparative molecular analysis of tumor epithelial cells from in situ and invasive tumors has failed to identify consistent tumor stage-specific differences. However, the myoepithelial cell layer, present only in DCIS, is a key distinguishing and diagnostic feature. To determine the contribution of non-epithelial cells to tumor progression, we analyzed th… more
Date: May 7, 2008
Creator: Polyak, Kornelia; Hu, Min; Yao, Jun; Carroll, Danielle K.; Weremowicz, Stanislawa; Chen, Haiyan et al.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental Biosciences Program Quarterly Report

Description: Current research projects have focused Environmental Biosciences Program (EBP) talent and resources on providing the scientific basis for risk-based standards, risk-based decision making and the accelerated clean-up of widespread environmental hazards. These hazards include trichloroethylene, low-dose ionizing radiation (gamma and neutron) and alpha radiation from plutonium. Trichloroethylene research has been conducted as a joint collaborative effort with the University of Georgia. Work on the… more
Date: January 30, 2009
Creator: Mohr, Lawrence C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Laminin and biomimetic extracellular elasticity enhance functional differentiation in mammary epithelia

Description: In the mammary gland, epithelial cells are embedded in a 'soft' environment and become functionally differentiated in culture when exposed to a laminin-rich extracellular matrix gel. Here, we define the processes by which mammary epithelial cells integrate biochemical and mechanical extracellular cues to maintain their differentiated phenotype. We used single cells cultured on top of gels in conditions permissive for {beta}-casein expression using atomic force microscopy to measure the elastici… more
Date: October 20, 2008
Creator: Alcaraz, Jordi; Xu, Ren; Mori, Hidetoshi; Nelson, Celeste M.; Mroue, Rana; Spencer, Virginia A. et al.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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