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in subjects: "Municipal Waste Management"

open access

White goods recycling in the United States: Economic and technical issues in recovering, reclaiming, and reusing nonmetallic materials

Obsolete white goods (appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, washers, dryers, ranges, dishwashers, water heaters, dehumidifiers, and air conditioners) contain significant quantities of recyclable materials, but because of economic and environmental concerns, only limited quantities of these scrap materials are currently being recycled. Appliances are manufactured from a mix of materials, such as metals, polymers, foam, and fiberglass; metals represent more than 75% of the total weight. App… more

Date: February 1, 1995

Creator: Karvelas, D. E.; Jody, B. J. & Daniels, E. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Application of different levels of simulation to solid waste management systems

Simulation techniques can be effectively applied to solid waste management systems, as an aid to understanding and analyzing existing systems or as part of the planning and design of new systems. Analysis of these systems using simulations can proceed at various levels of detail, depending on particular needs of the analysis (i.e., the questions for which answers are sought). This paper discusses the major system dimension variables for simulation of solid waste management systems, and how they… more

Date: November 1, 1993

Creator: Holter, G. M.; Shaver, S. R.; Armacost, L. L. & Ross, T. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Managing America`s solid waste

This report presents an historical overview of the federal role in municipal solid waste management from 1965 to approximately 1995. Attention is focuses on the federal role in safeguarding public health, protecting the environment, and wisely using material and energy resources. It is hoped that this report will provide important background for future municipal solid waste research and development initiatives.

Date: March 2, 1998

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Louisiana State University waste-to-energy incinerator

This proposed action is for cost-shared construction of an incinerator/steam-generation facility at Louisiana State University under the State Energy Conservation Program (SECP). The SECP, created by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, calls upon DOE to encourage energy conservation, renewable energy, and energy efficiency by providing Federal technical and financial assistance in developing and implementing comprehensive state energy conservation plans and projects. Currently, LSU runs a c… more

Date: October 26, 1994

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Raman spectroscopic studies in supercritical water

Reaction studies have been carried out on the destruction of nitrogen-containing compounds such as ammonium, nitrates, and species containing aromatic nitro functionality. The destruction of ammonium ion in near-critical and supercritical water using Raman spectroscopy is the subject of this presentation. Reaction rates were determined from Raman spectra and from measurements of system pressure. Concentrations of key species in the reactor effluent were determined via off-line assay. The effect… more

Date: October 1, 1994

Creator: Bowman, L. E. & Fulton, J. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A comprehensive definition and approach to waste minimization

This report describes important concepts and needs related to waste minimization.

Date: November 1, 1992

Creator: Holter, G. M.; Stapp, D. C. & Beck, J. E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Landfill CH{sub 4}: Rates, fates, and role in global carbon cycle

Published estimates for worldwide landfill methane emissions range from 9 to 70 Tg yr{sup {minus}1}. Field and laboratory studies suggest that maximum methane yields from lanfilled refuse are about 0.06 to 0.09 m{sup 3} (dry Kg){sup {minus}1} refuse, depending on moisture content and other variables, such as organic loading, buffering capacity, and nutrients in landfill microevnironments. Methane yields may vary by more than an order of magnitude within a given site. Fates for landfill methane … more

Date: December 31, 1991

Creator: Bogner, J. & Spokas, K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Proceedings of waste stream minimization and utilization innovative concepts: An experimental technology exchange. Volume 2, Industrial liquid waste processing, industrial gaseous waste processing

This two-volume proceedings summarize the results of fifteen innovations that were funded through the US Department of Energy`s Innovative Concept Program. The fifteen innovations were presented at the sixth Innovative Concepts Fair, held in Austin, Texas, on April 22--23, 1993. The concepts in this year`s fair address innovations that can substantially reduce or use waste streams. Each paper describes the need for the proposed concept, the concept being proposed, and the concept`s economics an… more

Date: April 1, 1993

Creator: Lee, V. E. & Watts, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An engineering and economic evaluation of the methane de-NOX{sup SM} technology

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) and Ogden Martin Systems, Inc. (OMS) are conducting joint engineering and economic evaluation of IGT`s METHANE de-NOX{sup SM} technology for its application to new, as well as retrofit, municipal waste combustors (MWCs). It is anticipated that this new technology offers a technically and economically attractive alternative to existing selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) systems for new facilities, as well as in retrofit applications. Consequently, IGT a… more

Date: December 31, 1993

Creator: Abbasi, H. A.; Khinkis, M. J. & Scherrer, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

UV disinfection pilot plant study at the Savannah River Site

An ultraviolet light disinfection system pilot plant was operated at the Savannah River Site Central Shops sanitary wastewater treatment package plant July 14, 1992 through August 13, 1992. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of ultraviolet light disinfection on the effluent from the small package-type wastewater treatment plants currently used on-site. This pilot plant consisted of a rack of UV lights suspended in a stainless steel channel through which a sidestream of effluent from… more

Date: May 1, 1993

Creator: Huffines, R. L. & Beavers, B. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Macro material flow modeling for analyzing solid waste management options

A Macro Material Flow Modeling (MMFM) concept and approach are being adopted to develop a predictive modeling capability. This capability is intended to provide part of the basis for evaluating potential impacts from various solid waste management system configurations and operating scenarios, as well as evaluating the impacts of various policies on solid waste quantities and compositions. The MMFM capability, as part of a broader Solid Waste Initiative at Pacific Northwest Laboratory, is inten… more

Date: June 1993

Creator: Holter, G. M.; Pennock, K. A. & Shaver, S. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

High quality garbage: A neural network plastic sorter in hardware and software

In order to produce pure polymer streams from post-consumer waste plastics, a quick, accurate and relatively inexpensive method of sorting needs to be implemented. This technology has been demonstrated by using near-infrared spectroscopy reflectance data and neural network classification techniques. Backpropagation neural network routines have been developed to run real-time sortings in the lab, using a laboratory-grade spectrometer. In addition, a new reflectance spectrometer has been develope… more

Date: September 1, 1993

Creator: Stanton, S. L.; Alam, M. K. & Hebner, G. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A process to recover plastics from obsolete automobiles by using solvents at ambient pressure

Recycling of the metal content of obsolete vehicles has been actively pursued since the 1950s; today, obsolete automobiles are the single largest source of scrap iron. They contribute over 25% of the 36 metric tonnes (40 million short tons) of ferrous scrap recovered annually by the secondary metals industry and used in the production of finished steel products. They also contribute over one million metric tonnes (1.1 million short tons) of nonferrous metallic scrap a year for recycling. For ea… more

Date: August 1, 1993

Creator: Jody, B. J.; Daniels, E. J.; Bonsignore, P. V. & Brockmeier, N. F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mandated recycling rates: Impacts on energy consumption and municipal waste volume

In 1992, Congress sought to rewrite its comprehensive solid waste legislation the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Commodity-specific recycling rates were proposed for consumer-goods packaging, materials and newsprint. In this paper, we compare the impacts on energy, materials use, and landfill volume of recycling at those rates to the impacts associated with alternative methods of disposition to determine, the optimal method for each material. Alternative paths for material dispo… more

Date: March 1, 1994

Creator: Gaines, L. L. & Stodolsky, F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Proceedings of waste stream minimization and utilization innovative concepts: An experimental technology exchange. Volume 1, Industrial solid waste processing municipal waste reduction/recycling

This two-volume proceedings summarizes the results of fifteen innovations that were funded through the US Department of Energy`s Innovative Concept Program. The fifteen innovations were presented at the sixth Innovative Concepts Fair, held in Austin, Texas, on April 22--23, 1993. The concepts in this year`s fair address innovations that can substantially reduce or use waste streams. Each paper describes the need for the proposed concept, the concept being proposed, and the concept`s economics a… more

Date: April 1, 1993

Creator: Lee, V. E. & Watts, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy aspects of solid waste management: Proceedings

The Eighteenth Annual Illinois Energy Conference entitled ``Energy Aspects of Solid Waste Management`` was held in Chicago, Illinois on October 29--30, 1990. The conference program was developed by a planning committee that drew upon Illinois energy and environmental specialists from the major sectors including energy industries, environmental organizations, research universities, utility companies, federal, state and local government agencies, and public interest groups. Within this framework,… more

Date: December 31, 1990

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy implications of recycling packaging materials

In 1992, Congress sought to rewrite the United States comprehensive solid waste legislation -- the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Commodity-specific recycling rates were proposed for consumer-goods packaging materials and newsprint We compare the impacts on energy, materials use, and landfill volume of recycling at those rates to the impacts for alternative methods of material disposition to determine the optimum for each material. After products have served their intended uses,… more

Date: March 1, 1994

Creator: Gaines, L. L. & Stodolsky, F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Pilot plant testing of IGT`s two-stage fluidized-bed/cyclonic agglomerating combustor

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is conducting a multi-year experimental program to develop and test, through pilot-scale operation, IGT`s two-stage fluidized-bed/cyclonic agglomerating combustor (AGGCOM). The AGGCOM process is based on combining the fluidized-bed agglomeration and gasification technology with the cyclonic combustion technology, both of which have been developed at IGT over many years. AGGCOM is a unique and extremely flexible combustor that can operate over a wide range o… more

Date: December 31, 1993

Creator: Rehmat, A.; Mensinger, M. C. & Richardson, T. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Reduced Gas Pressure Operation of Sludge Digesters: Expanded Studies. Final Report

Previous investigations strongly suggested that the municipal anaerobic sludge digestion process could be enhanced by reactor operation with subatmospheric headspace pressures. Enhanced solids destruction and methane production along with increased process stability were observed in these earlier studies. However, due to the small scale of the anaerobic reactors used ( {approx}1.5 L), definitive steady-state measurements could not be obtained. These expanded studies were undertaken to verify an… more

Date: September 1993

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Utilization of ash from municipal solid waste combustion. Final report, Phase I

This ash study investigates several aspects of Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) ash utilization to develop an alternative to the present disposal practice of landfilling in a lined monofill. Ash was investigated as a daily or final cover for municipal waste in the landfill to prevent erosion and as a road construction aggregate. Samples of eight mixtures of ash and other materials, and one sample of soil were analyzed for chemical constituents. Biological tests on these mixters were conducted, … more

Date: September 1994

Creator: Jones, C. M.; Hartman, R. M.; Kort, D. & Rapues, N.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Use of solid waste for chemical stabilization: Adsorption isotherms and {sup 13}C solid-state NMR study of hazardous organic compounds sorbed on coal fly ash

Adsorption of hazardous organic compounds on the Dave Johnston plant fly ash is described. Fly ash from Dave Johnston and Laramie River power plants were characterized using elemental, x-ray, and {sup 29}Si NMR; the Dave Johnston (DJ) fly ash had higher quartz contents, while the Laramie River fly ash had more monomeric silicate anions. Adsorption data for hydroaromatics and chlorobenzenes indicate that the adsorption capacity of DJ coal fly ash is much less than that of activated carbon by a f… more

Date: September 1993

Creator: Netzel, D. A.; Lane, D. C.; Rovani, J. F.; Cox, J. D.; Clark, J. A. & Miknis, F. P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Possible global environmental impacts of solid waste practices

Pollutants resulting from the management of solid waste have been shown to affect the air, land, oceans, and waterways. In addition, solid wastes have other, more indirect impacts such as reduction in feedstocks of natural resources, because useful materials are disposed of rather than recycled. The objective of this study is to evaluate solid waste management practices that have negative implications on the global environment and develop recommendations for reducing such impacts. Recommendatio… more

Date: September 1994

Creator: Davis, M. M.; Holter, G. M.; DeForest, T. J.; Stapp, D. C. & Dibari, J. C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy implications of glass-container recycling

This report addresses the question of whether glass-container recycling actually saves energy. Glass-container production in 1991 was 10{sup 7} tons, with cullet making up about 30% of the input to manufacture. Two-thirds of the cullet is postconsumer waste; the remainder is in-house scrap (rejects). Most of the glass recycled is made into new containers. Total primary energy consumption includes direct process-energy use by the industry (adjusted to account for the efficiency of fuel productio… more

Date: March 1994

Creator: Gaines, L. L. & Mintz, M. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Oxygen-enriched coincineration of MSW and sewage sludge: Final report

Federal regulations banning ocean dumping of sewage sludge coupled with stricter regulations on the disposal of sewage sludge in landfills have forced municipalities, especially those in the northeast United States, to consider alternate methods for disposal of this solid waste. Coincineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge has proven to be economically attractive for both Europe and Japan, but has not yet proven to be a viable sludge disposal technology in the United States because … more

Date: January 1994

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department