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Energy from biological processes

Description: This assessment responds to a request by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for an evaluation of the energy potential of various sources of plant and animal matter (biomass). This report complements an earlier OTA report on the Application of Solar Technology to Today's Energy Needs in evaluating the major solar energy resources available to the United States. The findings also will serve as part of the material to be used in an upcoming OTA assessment of synthetic fu… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts

Description: Copper and cobalt are the key elements in syngas conversion catalyst systems used for higher alcohol synthesis. Their proximity and synergy sensitively control the selectivity and efficiency of the process. It is believed that their outer electronic charge distribution which is responsible for their electrical and magnetic properties might be governing their catalytic properties also. To examine the correlation between catalytic and magnetic properties, a series of copper cobalt catalysts (Co/C… more
Date: January 14, 1991
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High temperature ceramic membrane reactors for coal liquid upgrading

Description: In this project we intend to study a novel process concept, i.e, the use of ceramic membranes reactors in upgrading of coal derived liquids. Membrane reactors have been used in a number of catalytic reaction processes in order to overcome the limitations on conversion imposed by thermodynamic equilibrium. They have, furthermore, the inherent capability for combining reaction and separation in a single step. Thus they offer promise for improving and optimizing yield, selectivity and performance … more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Tsotsis, T.T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Methane oxidation over dual redox catalysts

Description: Review and analysis of the literature data on electron transfer itself and electron transfer oxidation of alkyl radicals was done in order to understand the mechanism by which methyl radical can be oxidized to CH{sub 3}{sup +} and further substituted by OH{sup {minus}} to form methanol. This allowed to compare and classify the various possible reaction patterns, understand the mechanism and circumstances of operation of each of them and select those which can be involved in oxidation of methyl … more
Date: March 1, 1989
Creator: Klier, Kamil; Herman, Richard G. & Sojka, Zvigniew
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Catalytic steam gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol

Description: Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) tested the catalytic gasification of bagasse for the production of methanol synthesis gas. The process uses steam, indirect heat, and a catalyst to produce synthesis gas in one step in fluidized bed gasifier. Both laboratory and process development scale (nominal 1 ton/day) gasifiers were used to test two different catalyst systems: (1) supported nickel catalysts and (2) alkali carbonates doped on the bagasse. This paper presents the results of laboratory and … more
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Baker, E.G. & Brown, M.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Technical-economic assessment of the production of methanol from biomass. Executive summary. Final research report

Description: The results are presented of a comprehensive systems study which assessed the engineering and economic feasibilities of the production of methanol from biomass utilizing existing technology. The three major components of the biomass to methanol system assessed are the availability of biomass feedstocks, the thermochemical conversion of biomass to methanol fuels, and the distribution and markets for methanol fuels. The results of this study show that methanol fuel can be produced from biomass us… more
Date: July 12, 1979
Creator: Wan, E. I.; Simmons, J. A.; Price, J. D. & Nguyen, T. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A novel process for methanol synthesis

Description: A bench-salce reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, we investigated the nature of the reactions involved and the nature of the Cu-chromite catalyst being used. There is evidence that methanol is formed via a two step reaction with a methyl formate intermediate rather than by the direct hydrogenation of CO. The carbonylation reaction predominantly takes place in the liquid phase while the hydrogenolysi… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Tierney, J. W. & Wender, I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Catalyst and process development for the H/sub 2/ preparation from future fuel cell feedstocks. Quarterly progress report, October 1, 1978-December 31, 1978

Description: The work done under this contract in the last quarter of 1978 was concerned with Phase I, which involved preliminary catalyst and process evaluation. The processes under study are hydrogen assisted steam reforming (HASR), catalytic partial oxidation (CPO), and autothermal steam reforming (ATR). Existing Engelhard test units were modified to carry out preliminary runs using the first two processes. Technical analysis to support work in this area consisted of heat and material balances constraine… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Yarrington, R M; Feins, I R; Hwang, H S & Mayer, C P
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research guidance studies to assess gasoline from coal by methanol-to-gasoline and Sasol-type Fischer--Tropsch technologies

Description: The primary purpose of this study is to provide a technical and economic comparison between the commercial Fischer-Tropsch technology and the new Mobil methanol-to-gasoline technology for the production of motor gasoline. Several technical sensitivity cases are also part of the study and will be included in the final report. Two conceptual plant complexes - Base Case I: Mobil Technology and Base Case II: Fischer-Tropsch Technology--have been developed. They are self-supporting, grass roots faci… more
Date: September 1, 1977
Creator: Schreiner, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Opportunities for coal to methanol conversion

Description: The accumulations of mining residues in the anthracite coal regions of Pennsylvania offer a unique opportunity to convert the coal content into methanol that could be utilized in that area as an alternative to gasoline or to extend the supplies through blending. Additional demand may develop through the requirements of public utility gas turbines located in that region. The cost to run this refuse through coal preparation plants may result in a clean coal at about $17.00 per ton. After gasifica… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A novel process for methanol synthesis

Description: A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, we provided evidence for a two step reaction in series as against the direct hydrogenation of CO. We believe that the carbonylation reaction takes place in the liquid phase adjacent to the solid catalyst surface while the hydrogenolysis reaction is restricted to the surface of Cu-chromite. A non-equilibrium film model was proposed to explain the unex… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Tierney, J.W. & Wender, I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Methane or methanol via catalytic gasification of biomass

Description: Methane and methanol synthesis gas can be produced by steam gasification of biomass in the presence of appropriate catalysts. A 5 cm diameter reactor has been used to determine the desired catalysts and operating temperature. A process development unit (PDU) has demonstrated steam gasification of biomass with catalysts at rates up to 35 kg per hour. Methane yields of 0.28 nm/sup 3/ per kg of dry wood were produced in the small laboratory reactor. Further methanation of the product gas mixture c… more
Date: March 1, 1980
Creator: Mitchell, D. H.; Mudge, L. K.; Robertus, R. J.; Weber, S. L. & Sealock, L. J. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A novel process for manufacture of methanol

Description: A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, the effect of operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, feed H{sub 2}/CO ratio and feed flow rate on the MeOH synthesis rate were investigated. The specific rate of MeOH synthesis was found to vary with gas feed rate -- an unexpected result. It is proposed that this is due to the presence of small amounts of an inhibiting agent which accumu… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Tierney, J.W. & Wender, I.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrochemical photovoltaic cells/stabilization and optimization of II-VI semiconductors. First technical progress report, 15 April 1980-30 June 1980

Description: The overall goal of this program is to provide the basis for designing a practical electrochemical solar cell based on the II-VI compound semiconductors. Emphasis is on developing new electrolyte redox systems and electrode surface modifications which will stabilize the II-VI compounds against photodissolution without seriously degrading the long-term solar response. The bulk electrode material properties are also being optimized to provide the maximum solar conversion efficiency and greatest i… more
Date: July 20, 1980
Creator: Noufi, R.; Tench, D. & Warren, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ammonia as a hydrogen energy-storage medium. [LH/sub 2/, MeOH, and NH/sub 3/]

Description: Liquid Hydrogen (LH/sub 2/), Methanol (MeOH), and Ammonia (NH/sub 3/) are compared as hydrogen energy-storage media on the basis of reforming the MeOH to produce H/sub 2/ and dissociating (cracking) the NH/sub 3/ to release H/sub 2/. The factors important in this storage concept are briefly discussed. Results of the comparison show that, in terms of energy input for media manufacture from natural gas, hydrogen energy content of the medium, and energy cost ($/10/sup 6/ Btu), NH/sub 3/ has a wide… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: Strickland, G
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Procedure for the analysis of americium in complex matrices

Description: A radioanalytical procedure for the analysis of americium in complex matrices has been developed. Clean separations of americium can be obtained from up to 100 g of sample ash, regardless of the starting material. The ability to analyze large masses of material provides the increased sensitivity necessary to detect americium in many environmental samples. The procedure adequately decontaminates from rare earth elements and natural radioactive nuclides that interfere with the alpha spectrometric… more
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Knab, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame. Quarterly report, July 1, 1977--September 30, 1977. [Short summaries of progress in 27 projects]

Description: Status of the following investigations is given: effect of molecular geometry on the electron affinity of H/sub 2/O; effect of non-spherically symmetric exchange potential in energy transfer and CIDEP; fragmentation patterns in the radiolysis of normal alkanes; properties of solvated electrons; temperature dependence of electron localization and impurity trapping in methanol and propanol; field-dependent electron mobility; aluminium cluster and organoaluminum systems; collision-induced atomic d… more
Date: October 13, 1977
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Fossil energy program. Progress report for May 1980

Description: This report - the seventieth of a series - is a compendium of monthly progress reports for the ORNL research and development programs that are in support of the increased utilization of coal and other fossil fuel alternatives to oil and gas as sources of clean energy. The projects reported this month include those for coal conversion development, chemical research and development, materials technology, component and process evaluation studies, technical support to major liquefaction projects, p… more
Date: August 1, 1980
Creator: McNeese, L.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of processes for producing gasoline from wood. Final report

Description: Three processes for producing gasoline from wood by pyrolysis have been investigated. Technical and economic comparisons among the processes have been made, based on a hypothetical common plant size of 2000 tons per day green wood chip feedstock. In order to consider the entire fuel production process, the energy and cost inputs for producing and delivering the feedstock were included in the analysis. In addition, perspective has been provided by comparisons of the wood-to-gasoline technologies… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Batteries and fuel cells working group report

Description: Electrochemical energy systems are dominated by interfacial phenomena. Catalysis, corrosion, electrical and ionic contact, and wetting behavior are critical to the performance of fuel cells and batteries. Accordingly, development of processing techniques to control these surface properties is important to successful commercialization of advanced batteries and fuel cells. Many of the surface processing issues are specific to a particular electrochemical system. Therefore, the working group focus… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Eberhardt, J. (USDOE Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Washington, DC (United States). Office of Advanced Transportation Materials); Landgrebe, A. (USDOE Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Washington, DC (United States). Electric and Hybrid Propulsion Systems); Lemons, R.; Wilson, M. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)) & MacAurther, D. (CH
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization and Research Investigation of Methanol and Methyl Fuels. Final Progress Report

Description: Work on several aspects of using pure methanol as an alternate fuel are reported. A stock (OEM) Pinto engine mounted on a dynamometer was used to compare methanol with Indolene in terms of power, efficiency, and emissions for a variety of speeds and loads. Although the engine was designed for use with gasoline, it was found that methanol was generally superior in power, thermal efficiency and reduced emissions with the exception of aldehydes. Three different fuel metering systems were tested fo… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Pefley, R. K.; Browning, L. H.; Hornberger, M. L.; Likos, W. E.; McCormack, M. C. & Pullman, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Methane oxidation over dual redox catalysts

Description: The objective of this research is to develop the scientific background for direct catalytic oxidation of methane over oxides that are doubly doped with transition metal ions. The desired process aims at employing of a double redox mechanism, where one redox couple is utilized for activation of oxygen and another for the conversion of CH{sub 3} radicals to carbocations via electron transfer reaction. The latter species can react with surface OH{sup {minus}} groups to form methanol or formaldehyd… more
Date: June 1, 1989
Creator: Klier, Kamil; Herman, Richard G. & Sojka, Zbigniew
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Multifuel reformer R D

Description: The on-board fuel for fuel cell powered vehicles may be one or more of hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, propane, or other liquified petroleum gases. To use hydrogen as the fuel, suitable means of storing, and subsequently delivering, adequate quantities of the gas must be developed. For all other fuels suitable reformers must be developed to convert the fuel to hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich gas mixture at rates corresponding to the varying power demand rates of the automotive system; thi… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Kumar, R. & Ahmed, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Operator Manual: High Temperature Heat Pump

Description: Experimental data is being obtained from operating a high temperature heat pump system. The use of methanol as a working fluid will necessitate careful monitoring of refrigerant temperatures and pressures with chemical analysis performed on the working fluid during scheduled down time. Materials sent to vendors by Auburn University and quotes received by Auburn concerning equipment (compressor, evaporator, condensor, air heater, dryer, two accumulator tanks, and three expansion valves) are disc… more
Date: March 4, 1980
Creator: Dyer, D. F.; Maples, G.; Burch, T. E. & Chancellor, P. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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