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in subjects: "Melting"

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LFCM vitrification technology. Quarterly progress report, January-March 1986

This report is compiled by the Nuclear Waste Treatment Progrqam and the Hanford Waste Vitrification Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to document progress on liquid-fed ceramic melter (LFCM) vitrification technology. Progress in the following technical subject areas during the second quarter of FY 1986 is discussed: melting process chemistry and glass development, feed preparation and transfer systems, melter systems, canister filling and handling systems, off-gas systems, and process/pro… more

Date: September 1, 1986

Creator: Burkholder, H. C. & Minor, J. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Tilt-pour melt-caster for encapsulation of radioactive cesium

Use of the tilt-pour melt-caster makes distinct improvements in the cesium encapsulation process. Compared to the vacuum castings system now in use, the tilt-pour equipment requires no reliance on heat-traced transfer lines, less sealing pressure for capsule filling, is less corrosive to capsules and is easier to repair. From the results of the extensive development program, it is concluded that the tilt-pour melt-caster can be operated to meet the cesium encapsulation production and maintenanc… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Determination of optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells

The objective of this study is to determine the optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells. To accomplish this, the contractor will provide: (1) Comprehensive reports of on-going efforts to optimize carbonate composition. (2) A list of characteristics affected by electrolyte composition variations (e.g. ionic conductivity, vapor pressure, melting range, gas solubility, exchange current densities on NiO, corrosion and cathode dissolution effects). (3) Assessment of the overa… more

Date: January 1, 1987

Creator: Yuh, C. Y. & Pigeaud, A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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POWER REACTOR HIGH PERFORMANCE UO$sub 2$ PROGRAM. Progress Report Number 9, October 1, 1968--March 31, 1969.

No Description Available.

Date: January 1, 1969

Creator: Ogawa, S. Y.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Design and operation of small-scale glass melters for immobilizing radioactive waste

A small-scale (3-kg), joule-heated, continuous melter has been designed to study vitrification of Savannah River Plant radioactive waste. The first melter built has been in nonradioactive service for nearly three years. This melter had Inconel 690 electrodes and uses Monofrax K-3 for the contact refractory. Several problems seem in this melter have had an impact on the design of a full-scale system. Problems include uncontrolled electric currents passing through the throat, and formation of a s… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Plodinec, M.J. & Chismar, P.H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Thermal processing systems for TRU mixed waste

This paper presents preliminary ex situ thermal processing system concepts and related processing considerations for remediation of transuranic (TRU)-contaminated wastes (TRUW) buried at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). Anticipated waste stream components and problems are considered. Thermal processing conditions required to obtain a high-integrity, low-leachability glass/ceramic final waste form are considered. Five practical … more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Eddy, T.L.; Raivo, B.D. & Anderson, G.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Active layer hydrology for Imnavait Creek, Toolik, Alaska

The hydrology of the active layer of a watershed is described. In the annual hydrologic cycle, snowmelt is the most significant event at Imnavait Creek located near Toolik Lake, Alaska. Precipitation that has accumulated for more than 6 months on the surface melts in a relatively short period of 7 to 10 days once sustained melting occurs. Significant runoff events are few. Convective storms covering relatively small areas on the North Slope of Alaska can produce significant small-scale events i… more

Date: April 1, 1987

Creator: Hinzman, L.D. & Kane, D.L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Pulsed CO sub 2 laser processing of thin ion-implanted silicon layers

We show that extremely shallow ({approx lt} 800 {Angstrom}) melt depths can be easily obtained by irradiating a thin heavily doped silicon layer with a CO{sub 2} laser pulse. Since the absorption of the CO{sub 2} laser pulse is dominated by free-carrier transitions, the beam heating occurs primarily in the thin degenerately doped film. For CO{sub 2} pulse-energy densities exceeding a threshold value, surface melting occurs and the reflectivity of the incident laser pulse increases abruptly to a… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: James, R.B. (Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA (United States)) & Christie, W.H. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Determination of optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Pigeaud, A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Pour stream breakup of molten IFR (Integral Fast Reactor) metal fuel in sodium

Tests have been conducted in which the breakup behavior of kilogram quantities of molten uranium, uranium-zirconium alloy, and uranium-iron alloy pour streams in 600C sodium was studied. A sodium depth of less than 0.3 m was required for hydrodynamic breakup and freezing of 25-mm pour streams of uranium and uranium-zirconium alloy with up to 400C melt superheat. The breakup material was primarily in the form of filaments and sheets with a settled bed voidage on the order of 0.9. The uranium-iro… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Gabor, J. D.; Purviance, R. T.; Aeschlimann, R. W. & Spencer, B. W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Kilowatt Isotope Power System: Test Procedure for the EHSA Multifoil Insulation. 77-KIPS-109

The procedure is described for conducting the multifoil insulation meltdown test on the electrical heat source assembly (EHSA). The results of the tests will be used to verify the predicted sequence of events during multifoil insulation meltdown and to determine the ultimate steady-state temperatures of the various EHSA components.

Date: January 1, 1977

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Modeling requirements for in situ vitrification

This document outlines the requirements for the model being developed at the INEL which will provide analytical support for the ISV technology assessment program. The model includes representations of the electric potential field, thermal transport with melting, gas and particulate release, vapor migration, off-gas combustion and process chemistry. The modeling objectives are to (1) help determine the safety of the process by assessing the air and surrounding soil radionuclide and chemical poll… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: MacKinnon, R.J.; Mecham, D. C.; Hagrman, D. L.; Johnson, R. W.; Murray, P. E.; Slater, C. E. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Removable, hermetically-sealing, filter attachment system for hostile environments

A removable and reusable filter attachment system is disclosed. A filter medium is fixed to, and surrounded by, a filter frame having a coaxial, longitudinally extending, annular rim. The rim engages an annular groove which surrounds the opening of a filter housing. The annular groove contains a fusible material and a heating mechanism for melting the fusible material. Upon resolidifying, the fusible material forms a hermetic bond with the rim and groove. Remelting allows detachment and replace… more

Date: June 3, 1981

Item Type: Patent

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Potential for using a six-phase alternating current power supply system for in situ vitrification

In situ vitrification (ISV) has been identified as a potential treatment technology for stabilizing underground tanks at Hanford and other US Department of Energy (DOE) sites. A key requirement for this application is an electrical system that can supply the power needed to vitrify a tank in a single setting. This paper describes an engineering-scale test conducted at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to assess the efficiency of a six-electrode, six-phase energy supply system in melting so… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Richardson, R.L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Deposition of uniform aluminum films on Kapton laminates by electron beam evaporation

Aluminum films 10 ..mu..m thick with a thickness uniformity in the one percent range have been obtained on the Kapton surface of a laminated substrate consisting of Kapton/Kapton/aluminum foil bonded with a thermosetting adhesive. The processing of the substrates before deposition necessary to obtain reasonable deposition cycle times and a minimal amount of deposition system contamination was developed. The laminated substrates required bakeouts both at atmosphere and in high vacuum prior to de… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Sherman, D.M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Skull melting of synthetic minerals

Direct high-frequency induction melting of dielectric materials in a water-cooled cage has been developed in the LASL synthetic minerals program. Molten material is contained in a skull, i.e., sintered shell, of its own composition so the traditional problems associated with refractory melt contamination are essentially eliminated. Preliminary analyses of power input, cage design, and coil geometry are discussed. Initial experimental results on the preparation of polycrystalline ingots, single … more

Date: December 1, 1977

Creator: Scott, S. D.; Hull, D. E. & Herrick, C. C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Post-test examination observations for the W-2 SLSF experiment. [Sodium Loop Safety Facility]

Gamma scanning measurements revealed that the axial power profile in these test trains was more peaked than expected based on pretest calculations and critical facility measurements. These results implied that the thermal flux incident on the test assembly was greater than expected, which was manifested in highly skewed and extensive fuel melting zones in the outer pin fuel pellets. Observations indicated that the extent of fuel melting near the midplane exceeded 90% of the pellet radius in som… more

Date: September 1, 1983

Creator: Pitner, A. L.; Smith, D. E. & Culley, G. E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Silicon web process development. Annual report

During this reporting period significant milestones have been met. A new barrier crucible design which consistently maintains melt stability over long periods of time has been successfully tested and used in long growth runs. The pellet feeder for melt replenishment was operated continuously for growth runs of up to 17 hours (a one day growth cycle). The liquid level sensor comprising a laser/sensor system was operated, performed well, and meets the requirements for maintaining liquid level hei… more

Date: June 30, 1980

Creator: Duncan, C. S.; Seidensticker, R. G.; McHugh, J. P.; Hill, F. E.; Skutch, M. E.; Driggers, J. M. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Modeling principles applied to the simulation of a joule-heated glass melter

Three-dimensional conservation equations applicable to the operation of a joule-heated glass melter were rigorously examined and used to develop scaling relationships for modeling purposes. By rigorous application of the conservation equations governing transfer of mass, momentum, energy, and electrical charge in three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates, scaling relationships were derived between a glass melter and a physical model for the following independent and dependent variables: geometr… more

Date: May 1, 1980

Creator: Routt, K.R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Design features of the laboratory-scale radiochemical immobilization system

Under the High-Level Waste Immobilization Program, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is studying various ways to solidify high-level nuclear wastes. A variety of waste forms and processes are being investigated, with the most highly developed process being spray calcination coupled with in-can melting. This report describes a remote laboratory-scale system that was designed for the purpose of investigating the effects of different operating conditions and waste compositions on the product … more

Date: May 1, 1980

Creator: Hanson, M.S.; Knox, C.A. & Berger, D.N.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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High-pressure ion-thermal properties of metals from ab initio interatomic potentials

It has recently become possible for the first time to calculate ab initio two-ion and three-ion interatomic potentials in d-electron transition metals. The nature of these potentials for the 3d series metals is discussed. In the case of copper, where three-ion contributions may be neglected, application is made to the ion-thermal component of the equation of state and to the calculation of melting on the shock Hugoniot. 13 refs., 3 figs.

Date: June 1, 1985

Creator: Moriarty, J.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cladding hull decontamination and densification process. Part 2. Densification by inductoslag melting

The Inductoslag melting process was developed to densify Zircaloy-4 cladding hulls. It is a cold crucible process that uses induction heating, a segmented water-cooled copper crucible, and a calcium fluoride flux. Metal and flux are fed into the furnace through the crucible, located at the top of the furnace, and the finished ingot is withdrawn from the bottom of the furnace. Melting rates of 40 to 50 kg/h are achieved, using 100 to 110 kW at an average energy use of 2.5 kWh/kg. The quality of … more

Date: April 1, 1980

Creator: Nelson, R. G. & Montgomery, D. R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Study Program to Develop and Evaluate Die and Container Materials for the Growth of Silicon Ribbons

The Large Area Silicon Sheet Growth Task objective of lowering the cost of silicon photovoltaic material requires the development of materials which exhibit improved chemical and dimensional stability in contact with molten silicon. These materials may find application as containers and/or shaping dies in processes such as edge-defined film growth. The development and evaluation of proprietary coatings of pure silicon carbide, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride on less pure hot pressed substr… more

Date: December 1979

Creator: Addington, L. A.; Ownby, P. D.; Yu, B. B.; Barsoum, M. W.; Romero, H. V. & Zealer, B. G.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Pulverized coal firing of aluminum melting furnaces. First annual technical progress report, May 1978-June 1979

The ultimate objective of this program is the commercial demonstration of an efficient, environmentally acceptable coal firing process suitable for implementation on melting furnaces throughout the aluminum industry. To achieve this goal, the program has been divided into two phases. Phase I has begun with the design and construction of a 350 lb/h (coal) staged slagging cyclone combustor (SSCC) attached to a 7-ft dia aluminum melting ladle furnace. Process development will culminate with a 1000… more

Date: October 1, 1979

Creator: West, C.E.; Hines, J.E.; Stewart, D.L. Jr. & Yu, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department