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in subjects: "Lignite"

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Effect of cation exchange on the subsequent reactivity of lignite chars to steam. [108 references]

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the role which cations in coal play in the subsequent reactivity of chars. It is hoped that this investigation will aid in an understanding of the catalytic nature of inorganic constituents in coal during its gasification. It was found that increased heat treatment temperature decreased reactivity. The decrease in reactivity was shown to be due, at least in part, to the changes in the nature of the cation with increased heat treatment temperatur… more

Date: March 1, 1977

Creator: Hippo, E. J. & Walker, Jr., P. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Regional Studies Program. Extraction of North Dakota lignite: environmental and reclamation issues

This study, sponsored by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, addresses the environmental implications of extraction of coal in North Dakota. These implications are supported by details of the geologic and historical background of the area of focus, the lignite resources in the Fort Union coalfield portion. The particular concentration is on the four-county area of Mercer, Dunn, McLean, and Oliver where substantial coal reserves exist and a potential gasification plant site … more

Date: December 1, 1976

Creator: LaFevers, J.R.; Johnson, D.O. & Dvorak, A.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Study of coal oxidation by charged particle activation analysis

The technique of Charged Particle Activation Analysis (CPAA) was applied to study the characteristics of low temperature oxidation of coal. The following parameters were investigated: the kinetics of the adsorption of oxygen containing species; the elemental composition of the oxide layer and how deeply it extends into the particle; and the number of reactive sites on or in the surface. The results of this study are in agreement with those of other laboratories. These are summarized as follows:… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Schlyer, D. J. & Wolf, A. P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Advanced Coal Conversion Process Demonstration (Project)

This report contains a description of technical progress made on the Advanced Coal Conversion Process Demonstration Project (ACCP). The project is a US Department of Energy Innovative Clean Coal Technology Project. The cooperative agreement defining the project is between DOE and the Rosebud SynCoal Partnership RSCP. The RSCP is a partnership between Western Energy Company (WECo), a subsidiary of Entech, Montana Power's non-utility group, and NRG, a subsidiary of Northern States Power. The ACCP… more

Date: July 1, 1991

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Development of mild gasification process

Under a previous contract with Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), Department of Energy (DOE) Contract No. AC21-84MC21108, UCC Research Corporation (UCCRC) built and tested a 1500 lb/day Mild Gasification Process Development Unit (MGU). The MGU, as tested under the previous contract, is shown in Figure 1. Testing completed under the previous contract showed that good quality hydrocarbon liquids and good quality char can be produced in the MGU. However, the MGU is not optimized. The prim… more

Date: July 1, 1988

Creator: Chu, C. I. C. & Derting, T. M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Anaerobic bioprocessing of low-rank coals

The overall goal of this project is to find biological methods to remove carboxylic functionalities from low-rank coals and to assess the properties of the modified coal towards coal liquefaction. The main objectives for this quarter were: (1) continuation of microbial consortia development and maintenance, (2) crude enzyme study using best decarboxylating organisms, (3) decarboxylation of lignite, demineralized Wyodak coal and model polymers, and (4) characterization of biotreated coals.

Date: April 15, 1992

Creator: Jain, M. K.; Narayan, R. & Han, O.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

(Basic properties of coals and other solids)

This quarter, research was performed included: (1) Heats of Reaction of Demineralized Wyodak Coal with Seven Strong Acids; and (2) Heats of Immersion of North Dakota Lignite in Eleven Acids. Data are tabulated for: (1) Heats of immersion of untreated and demineralized Argonne Wyodak Coal and PVP in Various Strong Acids at 25{degrees}C; and (2) Heats of Immersion of N. Dakota Lignite in Strong Acid Solutions in Acetonitrile at 25{degrees}C. Correlations are given for the Comparison of Heats of I… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Flash hydropyrolysis of coal. Quarterly report No. 9, April 1-June 30, 1979

Both the North Dakota lignite and New Mexico sub-bituminous coal have been hydrogasified in the Flash Hydropyrolysis unit with yields ranging up to about 85 to 90% conversion of the available carbon at 2500 psi and 875 to 900/sup 0/C. The lignite appears to be less reactive at lower pressure than the sub-bituminous coal, producing an average of 40% gaseous yield at 1000 psi and 900/sup 0/C while the sub-bituminous produced over 50%. The reactivity of both coals is dependent on the hydrogen part… more

Date: October 1, 1979

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Flash hydropyrolysis of coal (FHP)

The present studies concentrate on the rapid gas phase non-catalytic hydrogenation of a non-caking coal (lignite) maximizing liquid hydrocarbon yields for distillate fuels and chemical feedstock. The features of a non-catalytic process and direct hydrogenation in one step to liquid distillates tend to improve the efficiency and reduce capital and operating costs compared to other liquefaction processes such as Fischer-Tropsch. The basis of the process is to rapidly heat pulverized lignite to el… more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Steinberg, M. & Fallon, P. T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Preliminary radiological impact assessment of western coal utilization

This research program was initiated to: (1) delineate the scope of the potential environmental and human health problem associated with radioactivity in Western coal; (2) establish a data base for /sup 234/U, /sup 238/U, /sup 210/Pb, /sup 210/Po, /sup 230/Th and /sup 226/Ra found in Western coal; (3) study the release, fate, and accumulation of radionuclides from a power plant burning Western coal; and (4) assess the possible need for additional control technology and/or standards. Preliminary … more

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Styron, C.E. & Robinson, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Novel approaches to a study of the fundamental organic chemistry of coal. Final report, September 1, 1977-September 1, 1979

The studies are preliminary in nature, and the following conclusions are tentative. (1) The results with mixed carboxylic-sulfonic anhydrides seem to indicate an increase in polymerization of the coal molecular structure, when based on the results of pyrolysis/gas chromatographic analyses. The mixed anhydrides are such powerful acylating reagents that they should be capable of causing profound and dramatic structural modifications of coal and the results suggest sub-optimal reaction conditions.… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Giam, C.S.; Goodwin, T.E.; Tabor, R.L.; Neff, G.; Smith, S.; Ionescu, F. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Secondary atomization of single coal-water fuel droplets

The evaporative behavior of single, well characterized droplets of a lignite coal-water slurry fuel (CWSF) and a carbon black in water slurry was studied as a function of heating rate and droplet composition. Induced droplet heating rates were varied from 0 to 10{sup 5} K/s. Droplets studied were between 97 and 170 {mu}m in diameter, with compositions ranging from 25 to 60% solids by weight. The effect of a commercially available surfactant additive package on droplet evaporation rate, explosiv… more

Date: March 1, 1989

Creator: Hassel, G. R. & Scaroni, A. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Catalyst dispersion and activity under conditions of temperature- staged liquefaction

The general objectives of this research are (1) to investigate the use of highly dispersed catalysts for the pretreatment of coal by mild hydrogenation, (2) to identify the active forms of the catalysts under reaction conditions and (3) to clarify the mechanisms of catalysis. The ultimate objective is to ascertain if mild catalytic hydrogenation resulting in very limited or no coal solubilization is an advantageous pretreatment for the transformation of coal into transportable fuels. The experi… more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Davis, A.; Schobert, H.H.; Mitchell, G.D. & Artok, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Flash hydropyrolysis of coal. Quarterly report No. 10, July 1-September 30, 1979

The parametric study of New Mexico sub-bituminous coal is completed except for a few experiments that may be found necessary when the data is correlated. This coal has been found to be considerably more reactive than the lignite previously studied, particularly at 500 psi where the gaseous yields were approximately twice that of the lignite (35% vs 17%) and liquids two to four times greater (10% vs 2.6 to 4.6%). The relationship between the yield of gaseous hydrocarbons from sub-bituminous coal… more

Date: December 1, 1979

Creator: Steinberg, M.; Fallon, P. & Bhatt, B.L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Results of core drilling for uranium-bearing lignites in the Bar H area Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota

A report regarding the results of core drilling for uranium-bearing lignites in the Bar H Area, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota. This report is done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

Date: June 1953

Creator: Zeller, H. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Field Testing of a Wet FGD Additive for Enhanced Mercury Control - Task 3 Full-scale Test Results

This Topical Report summarizes progress on Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-04NT42309, 'Field Testing of a Wet FGD Additive'. The objective of the project is to demonstrate the use of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) additive, Degussa Corporation's TMT-15, to prevent the reemission of elemental mercury (Hg{sup 0}) in flue gas exiting wet FGD systems on coal-fired boilers. Furthermore, the project intends to demonstrate whether the additive can be used to precipitate most of the mercury (Hg) remove… more

Date: May 1, 2007

Creator: Blythe, Gary

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Kinetics of lignite pyrolysis in fixed bed and entrained flow reactors. Technical report No. 17

A laminar flow isothermal furnace has been constructed and used to study lignite pyrolysis in nitrogen at temperatures between 700/sup 0/ and 1000/sup 0/C. Particles of a Texas lignite (Darco Seam) between 41 and 201 microns in mean diameter, are found to flow down the furnace tube with velocities approximated by the summation of the gas plug-flow velocity and particle free-fall velocities. Some particle shrinkage and density changes occur during pyrolysis. Pyrolysis rate is particle size indep… more

Date: August 1, 1979

Creator: Scaroni, A. W. & Walker, Jr., P. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

(Basic properties of coals and other solids)

This report discusses basic properties of bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals. Properties of coal liquids are also investigated. Heats of immersion in strong acids are found for Pittsburgh {number sign}8, Illinois {number sign}6, and Wyodak coals. Production of coal liquids by distillation is discussed. Heats of titration of coal liquids and coal slurries are reported. (VC)

Date: November 25, 1991

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Inorganic constituents in American lignites

Both the discrete mineral phases and the ion-exchangeable inorganic components of lignites from Texas, North Dakota, and Montana have been studied. The ion-exchangeable cations and the carboxyl groups with which they are associated were characterized by ion exchange methods utilizing ammonium acetate and barium acetate, respectively. Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba were found to be present in all three coals. It was found that Ca and Mg were the most abundant cations and that 40 to 60% of the carboxy… more

Date: April 1, 1980

Creator: Morgan, M. E.; Jenkins, R. G. & Walker, P. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Preliminary study of uranium favorability of the Wilcox and Claiborne Groups (Eocene) in Texas

Rocks of the Wilcox and Claiborne Groups crop out in the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain and are represented by a series of sands and shales which reflect oscillation of the strandline. The Wilcox Group (lower Eocene), usually undifferentiated in Texas, consists of very fine sands and clays and abundant lignite. The Claiborne Group (middle Eocene) comprises, in ascending order, Carrizo Sand, Reklaw Formation (clay), Queen City Sand, Weches Formation (clay), Sparta Sand, Cook Mountain Formation (clay),… more

Date: January 1, 1978

Creator: Wilbert, W. P. & Templain, C. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Potential use of California lignite and other alternate fuel for enhanced oil recovery. Phase I and II. Final report. [As alternative fuels for steam generation in thermal EOR]

The Nation's continued reliance on liquid fossil fuels and decreasing reserves of light oils gives increased impetus to improving the recovery of heavy oil. Thermal enhanced oil recovery EOR techniques, such as steam injection, have generally been the most effective for increasing heavy oil production. However, conventional steam generation consumes a large fraction of the produced oil. The substitution of alternate (solid) fuels would release much of this consumed oil to market. This two-part … more

Date: February 1, 1980

Creator: Shelton, R.; Shimizu, A. & Briggs, A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Structure and thermochemical kinetic studies of coal pyrolysis

The overall objectives of this project is an intensive effort on the application of laser to the microscopic structure and thermochemical kinetic studies of coal particles pyrolysis, char combustion and ash transformation at combustion level heat fluxes in a laser beam. Research emphasis in FY91 is placed on setup and calibration of the laser pyrolysis system, preparation and mass loss studies of Beulah lignite and subbituminous coals. The task is therefore divided into three subtasks.

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Dodoo, J.N.D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, April-June 1979

The study is continuing into the effects of low temperature oxidation on reducing the agglomerating properties of caking coals. Increases in oxidation temperature are shown to increase the effectiveness of oxygen in destroying plastic properties. Controlled studies indicate that additions of small amounts of oxygen (1 to 2% by wt) bring about drastic reductions in swelling properties. Oxidation may be considered a surface pheneomenon and it is shown here that the plastic properties of oxodized … more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Vastola, F. J.; Given, P. H. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Pilot Testing of WRI'S Novel Mercury Control Technology by Pre-Combustion Thermal Treatment of Coal

The challenges to the coal-fired power industry continue to focus on the emission control technologies, such as mercury, and plant efficiency improvements. An alternate approach to post-combustion control of mercury, while improving plant efficiency deals with Western Research Institute's (WRI)'s patented pre-combustion mercury removal and coal upgrading technology. WRI was awarded under the DOE's Phase III Mercury program, to evaluate the effectiveness of WRI's novel thermal pretreatment proce… more

Date: August 17, 2008

Creator: Bland, Alan; Newcomer, Jesse & Sellakumar, Kumar

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department