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in subjects: "Kerogen"

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Processing of oil shale in molten hydroxides

Scoping experiments to determine bounds on a possible process for producing fuel hydrocarbons from oil shale by pyrolysis in a bath of molten Na, Li, and K hydroxides have been done. The process can be carried out at relatively low temperatures, 200 to 225/sup 0/C, requires the presence of water and oxygen, and gives hydrocarbon and organic acid products, apparently free of sulfur and nitrogen. A mechanism of oxidation of kerogen at heteroatoms and other functional groups, followed by decarboxy… more

Date: January 1, 1984

Creator: Hues, A.D.; Rofer-DePoorter, C.K. & Rogers, R.N.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Improved solvent extraction recovery of shale oil. [DOE patent application]

An improved process for solvent extraction of organic matter from shale by two extraction steps in sequence. The extraction steps are: (1) treating a kerogen-containing shale with a solvent system comprising a combination of water and an alcohol at a temperature of about 375 to 425/sup 0/C; and (2) treating the product of (1) with a solvent system comprising a combination of an alcohol and another organic solvent at an elevated temperature, but not above about 425/sup 0/C. The organic matter is… more

Date: July 20, 1981

Creator: McKay, John F. & Chong, Shuang-Ling

Item Type: Patent

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Visual kerogen and vitrinite reflectance analyses of the Pleasant Bayou No. 1 Well, Brazoria Co. , Texas

Based on the visual kerogen analyses, the Pleasant Bayou No. 1 Well can be subdivided into six zones and nine sub zones. The stratigraphic section ranges from immature at 2,894 feet to marginally mature at 16,500 feet. From 2,894 to 5,360 feet the organic matter suite is primarily an amorphous spore-pollen assemblage with secondary amounts of vitrinite. Below 6,080 feet the kerogenaceous debris is generally of a vitrinite, plant tissue, spore-pollen mixture with very little amorphous debris. Lo… more

Date: September 1, 1979

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Beneficiation-hydroretort processing of US oil shales, engineering study

This report describes a beneficiation facility designed to process 1620 tons per day of run-of-mine Alabama oil shale containing 12.7 gallons of kerogen per ton of ore (based on Fischer Assay). The beneficiation facility will produce briquettes of oil shale concentrate containing 34.1 gallons of kerogen per ton (based on Fischer Assay). The beneficiation facility will produce briquettes of oil shale concentrate containing 34.1 gallons of kerogen per ton (based on Fischer Assay) suitable for fee… more

Date: December 1, 1988

Creator: Johnson, L. R. & Riley, R. H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Geological evolution and analysis of confirmed or suspected gas hydrate localities: Volume 10, Basin analysis, formation and stability of gas hydrates of the Aleutian Trench and the Bering Sea

Four major areas with inferred gas hydrates are the subject of this study. Two of these areas, the Navarin and the Norton Basins, are located within the Bering Sea shelf, whereas the remaining areas of the Atka Basin in the central Aleutian Trench system and the eastern Aleutian Trench represent a huge region of the Aleutian Trench-Arc system. All four areas are geologically diverse and complex. Particularly the structural features of the accretionary wedge north of the Aleutian Trench still re… more

Date: January 1, 1987

Creator: Krason, J. & Ciesnik, M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Energy and technology review

Three review articles are presented. The first describes the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory role in the research and development of oil-shale retorting technology through its studies of the relevant chemical and physical processes, mathematical models, and new retorting concepts. Second is a discussion of investigation of properties of dense molecular fluids at high pressures and temperatures to improve understanding of high-explosive behavior, giant-planet structure, and hydrodynamic shock inte… more

Date: October 1, 1983

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Shale Oil Value Enhancement Research

Raw kerogen oil is rich in heteroatom-containing compounds. Heteroatoms, N, S & O, are undesirable as components of a refinery feedstock, but are the basis for product value in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, solvents, polymers, and a host of industrial materials. An economically viable, technologically feasible process scheme was developed in this research that promises to enhance the economics of oil shale development, both in the US and elsewhere in the world, in particular Esto… more

Date: November 30, 2006

Creator: Bunger, James W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Conversion characteristics of 10 selected oil shales

The conversion behavior of 10 oil shale from seven foreign and three domestic deposits has been studied by combining solid- and liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements with material balance Fischer assay conversion data. The extent of aromatization of aliphatic carbons was determined. Between zero and 42% of the raw shale aliphatic carbon formed aromatic carbon during Fischer assay. For three of the shales, there was more aromatic carbon in the residue after Fisher assay than… more

Date: August 1, 1989

Creator: Miknis, F. P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Characterization of coals, other kerogens, and their extracts by thermal mass spectrometry

The objective of this study is to elucidate the nature of the medium size molecules derived from coals by a succession of stronger extraction conditions. The Argonne Premium Coals have been extracted with pyridine, binary solvents and with KOH/ethylene glycol at 250{degrees}C. Thermal desorption and pyrolysis mass spectrometry were the major approaches chosen to provide detailed information on structure and heteroatom composition. Soft ionization techniques including desorption chemical ionizat… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Winans, R. E.; Melnikov, P. E. & McBeth, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Study of hydrogen in coals, polymers, oxides, and muscle water by nuclear magnetic resonance; extension of solid-state high-resolution techniques. [Hydrogen molybdenum bronze]

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been an important analytical and physical research tool for several decades. One area of NMR which has undergone considerable development in recent years is high resolution NMR of solids. In particular, high resolution solid state /sup 13/C NMR spectra exhibiting features similar to those observed in liquids are currently achievable using sophisticated pulse techniques. The work described in this thesis develops analogous methods for high resolu… more

Date: October 1, 1981

Creator: Ryan, L.M.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Elucidation of geomatrices by laser pyrolysis/gas chromatography and pyrolysis/mass spectrometry

Present methods for the examination of organics entrained in geological matrices ae tedious even if not fallible. Thermal degradative techniques combined with the separatory power of a gas chromatographic column or a quadrupole mass spectrometer operating low-voltage electron impact mode afford rapid access to detailed profiles of such materials. The virtue of these parallel approaches are compared and contrasted in application to the elucidation of Devonian Shale and other geological material.

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Jones, C.E.R. & Vanderborgh, N.E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Optical constants of kerogen from 0. 15 to 40. mu. m: Comparison with meteoritic organics

Kerogens are dark, complex organic materials produced on the earth primarily by geologic processing of biologic materials, but kerogens have chemical and spectral similarities to some classes of highly processed extraterrestrial organic materials. Kerogen-like solids have been proposed as constituents of the very dark reddish surfaces of some asteroids and are also spectrally similar to some carbonaceous organic residues and the Iapetus dark material. Kerogen can thus serve as a useful laborato… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Khare, B.N.; Thompson, W.R.; Sagan, C. (Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (USA). Lab. for Planetary Studies); Arakawa, E.T.; Meisse, C. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)) & Gilmour, I. (Chicago Univ., IL (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Natural gas accumulations in low-permeability Tertiary, and Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) rock, Uinta Basin, Utah

This report characterizes Upper Cretaceous Campanian and Maastrichtian, and lower Tertiary gas-bearing rocks in the Uinta Basin with special emphasis on those units that contain gas in reservoirs that have been described as being tight. The report was prepared for the USDOE whose Western Tight Gas Sandstone Program cofunded much of this research in conjunction with the US Geological Survey's Evolution of Sedimentary Basins, and Onshore Oil and Gas Programs. (VC)

Date: February 1, 1992

Creator: Fouch, T. D.; Wandrey, C. J.; Pitman, J. K.; Nuccio, V. F.; Schmoker, J. W.; Rice, D. D. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Characterization of DOE reference oil shales: Mahogany Zone, Parachute Creek Member, Green River Formation Oil Shale, and Clegg Creek Member, New Albany Shale

Measurements have been made on the chemical and physical properties of two oil shales designated as reference oil shales by the Department of Energy. One oil shale is a Green River Formation, Parachute Creek Member, Mahogany Zone Colorado oil shale from the Exxon Colony mine and the other is a Clegg Creek Member, New Albany shale from Kentucky. Material balance Fischer assays, carbon aromaticities, thermal properties, and bulk mineralogic properties have been determined for the oil shales. Kero… more

Date: September 1, 1987

Creator: Miknis, F. P. & Robertson, R. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Environmental analysis of the eastern shale hydroretorting data base

The purpose of this study is to perform a preliminary environmental analysis of certain chemical aspects of Eastern shale hydroretorting utilizing the data from the twenty-one (21) bench scale unit runs conducted during the HYTORT Feasibility Study. The report contained herein primarily addresses the potential types and quantities of pollutants emanating directly from the hydroretorting of oil shale (i.e., the retort paper). The following areas are discussed in detail: nitrogen distribution; su… more

Date: May 1, 1984

Creator: Rex, R. C. & Lynch, P. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Geochemical evaluation of the eastern gas shales. Part I

Work devoted to assessment of Eastern gas shales is reported. It is noted that although the Late Devonian-age dark shales of the Eastern Interior Basins are thought to be uniformly gassy, organic geochemical studies in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins show that the gas is not uniformly distributed and that most of the gas is probably sourced and largely retained in thin, organic-rich zones that were deposited in restricted marine environments. As the Devonian-age basins filled, the environme… more

Date: September 29, 1978

Creator: Mclver, R.D. & Zielinski, R.E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Kinetic models of hydrocarbon generation

We are carrying out an integrated program of laboratory experiments, kinetics modeling, and basin thermal history modeling in order to better understand the natural breakdown of organic matter into oil and gas. Our kinetic models of organic maturation are being used to better understand the coupling of generation, cracking, expulsion, and overpressuring in both the laboratory and geologic setting. Currently we are carrying out chemical experiments and developing more efficient chemical kinetic … more

Date: October 25, 1990

Creator: Burnham, A. K. & Sweeney, J. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

New Albany shale flash pyrolysis under hot-recycled-solid conditions: Chemistry and kinetics, II

The authors are continuing a study of recycle retorting of eastern and western oil shales using burnt shale as the solid heat carrier. Stripping of adsorbed oil from solid surfaces rather than the primary pyrolysis of kerogen apparently controls the release rate of the last 10--20% of hydrocarbons. Thus, the desorption rate defines the time necessary for oil recovery from a retort and sets the minimum hold-time in the pyrolyzer. A fluidized-bed oil shale retort resembles a fluidized-bed cat cra… more

Date: November 1, 1990

Creator: Coburn, T. T. & Morris, C. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Physicochemical characterization of Devonian gas shale

Several physicochemical analyses are being performed to better characterize the Devonian gas shales located in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The results of these analyses are being integrated with the geochemical analyses to present an accurate characterization of the Devonian shales and to accurately assess their resource potential. These studies are also providing data that are being used to evaluate the physical behavior of the shales.

Date: January 1, 1977

Creator: Zielinski, R. E.; Attalla, A.; Stacy, E.; Craft, B. D. & Wise, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Quenching and stabilization of MIS retorts: Bench-scale experiments

This research was conducted to evaluate in situ retort stabilization methods. The objective of the bench-scale simulations was to evaluate possible post-retorting operations procedures for the optimum cleaning of spent retorts. After simulating conditions of modified in situ (MIS) retorts at the time retorting had ended, procedures to accelerate retort cleanup without using large volumes of water were investigated. Samples from various levels of the retort were used to determine the amount of w… more

Date: April 1, 1991

Creator: Barbour, F. A. & Boysen, J. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Characterization of coals, other kerogens, and their extracts by thermal mass spectrometry

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Winans, R. E.; Melnikov, P. E. & McBeth, R. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of high pressure oil shale Hugoniots

A collection of low and high stress level Hugoniot data for a low kerogen content, porous Anvil Points oil shale are analyzed with the P-..cap alpha.. model to give a Hugoniot for kerogen free shale. The P-..cap alpha.. model suggests an ''elastic'' yield stress, P/sub e/, of 0.5 GPa and a solid density complete compaction pressure, P/sub s/, of 10.0 GPa. Knowledge of this behavior permits the calculations of the in situ, ''effective,'' Hugoniot of kerogen from extensive Hugoniot data for vario… more

Date: February 1, 1977

Creator: Munson, D. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Preliminary study of the oil shales of the Green River formation in the tri-state area of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming to investigate their utility for disposal of radioactive waste

Results are presented of a preliminary study of the oil shales of the Green River formation in the tri-state area of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming to investigate their utility for possible disposal of radioactive waste material. The objective of this study was to make a preliminary investigation and to obtain a broad overview of the physical and economic factors which would have an effect on the suitability of the oil shale formations for possible disposal of radioactive waste material. These phy… more

Date: May 1, 1975

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of low stress oil shale Hugoniots

Analysis of low stress Hugoniot data on Anvil Points oil shale was accomplished through careful categorization of data depending upon density. Density is directly related to kerogen content and kerogen content is a strong variable in determining the Hugoniot. For a given density (kerogen content), the shock velocity-particle velocity data show a minimum in shock velocity believed related to yielding in the rock constituent of the oil shale. Low stress Hugoniot data blend smoothly with high pres… more

Date: October 1, 1977

Creator: Munson, D. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department