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Processing of oil shale in molten hydroxides

Description: Scoping experiments to determine bounds on a possible process for producing fuel hydrocarbons from oil shale by pyrolysis in a bath of molten Na, Li, and K hydroxides have been done. The process can be carried out at relatively low temperatures, 200 to 225/sup 0/C, requires the presence of water and oxygen, and gives hydrocarbon and organic acid products, apparently free of sulfur and nitrogen. A mechanism of oxidation of kerogen at heteroatoms and other functional groups, followed by decarboxy… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Hues, A.D.; Rofer-DePoorter, C.K. & Rogers, R.N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Improved solvent extraction recovery of shale oil. [DOE patent application]

Description: An improved process for solvent extraction of organic matter from shale by two extraction steps in sequence. The extraction steps are: (1) treating a kerogen-containing shale with a solvent system comprising a combination of water and an alcohol at a temperature of about 375 to 425/sup 0/C; and (2) treating the product of (1) with a solvent system comprising a combination of an alcohol and another organic solvent at an elevated temperature, but not above about 425/sup 0/C. The organic matter is… more
Date: July 20, 1981
Creator: McKay, John F. & Chong, Shuang-Ling
Item Type: Refine your search to only Patent
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Visual kerogen and vitrinite reflectance analyses of the Pleasant Bayou No. 1 Well, Brazoria Co. , Texas

Description: Based on the visual kerogen analyses, the Pleasant Bayou No. 1 Well can be subdivided into six zones and nine sub zones. The stratigraphic section ranges from immature at 2,894 feet to marginally mature at 16,500 feet. From 2,894 to 5,360 feet the organic matter suite is primarily an amorphous spore-pollen assemblage with secondary amounts of vitrinite. Below 6,080 feet the kerogenaceous debris is generally of a vitrinite, plant tissue, spore-pollen mixture with very little amorphous debris. Lo… more
Date: September 1, 1979
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Beneficiation-hydroretort processing of US oil shales, engineering study

Description: This report describes a beneficiation facility designed to process 1620 tons per day of run-of-mine Alabama oil shale containing 12.7 gallons of kerogen per ton of ore (based on Fischer Assay). The beneficiation facility will produce briquettes of oil shale concentrate containing 34.1 gallons of kerogen per ton (based on Fischer Assay). The beneficiation facility will produce briquettes of oil shale concentrate containing 34.1 gallons of kerogen per ton (based on Fischer Assay) suitable for fee… more
Date: December 1, 1988
Creator: Johnson, L. R. & Riley, R. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Shale Oil Value Enhancement Research

Description: Raw kerogen oil is rich in heteroatom-containing compounds. Heteroatoms, N, S & O, are undesirable as components of a refinery feedstock, but are the basis for product value in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, solvents, polymers, and a host of industrial materials. An economically viable, technologically feasible process scheme was developed in this research that promises to enhance the economics of oil shale development, both in the US and elsewhere in the world, in particular Esto… more
Date: November 30, 2006
Creator: Bunger, James W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Conversion characteristics of 10 selected oil shales

Description: The conversion behavior of 10 oil shale from seven foreign and three domestic deposits has been studied by combining solid- and liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements with material balance Fischer assay conversion data. The extent of aromatization of aliphatic carbons was determined. Between zero and 42% of the raw shale aliphatic carbon formed aromatic carbon during Fischer assay. For three of the shales, there was more aromatic carbon in the residue after Fisher assay than… more
Date: August 1, 1989
Creator: Miknis, F. P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Characterization of coals, other kerogens, and their extracts by thermal mass spectrometry

Description: The objective of this study is to elucidate the nature of the medium size molecules derived from coals by a succession of stronger extraction conditions. The Argonne Premium Coals have been extracted with pyridine, binary solvents and with KOH/ethylene glycol at 250{degrees}C. Thermal desorption and pyrolysis mass spectrometry were the major approaches chosen to provide detailed information on structure and heteroatom composition. Soft ionization techniques including desorption chemical ionizat… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Winans, R. E.; Melnikov, P. E. & McBeth, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of hydrogen in coals, polymers, oxides, and muscle water by nuclear magnetic resonance; extension of solid-state high-resolution techniques. [Hydrogen molybdenum bronze]

Description: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been an important analytical and physical research tool for several decades. One area of NMR which has undergone considerable development in recent years is high resolution NMR of solids. In particular, high resolution solid state /sup 13/C NMR spectra exhibiting features similar to those observed in liquids are currently achievable using sophisticated pulse techniques. The work described in this thesis develops analogous methods for high resolu… more
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Ryan, L.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Elucidation of geomatrices by laser pyrolysis/gas chromatography and pyrolysis/mass spectrometry

Description: Present methods for the examination of organics entrained in geological matrices ae tedious even if not fallible. Thermal degradative techniques combined with the separatory power of a gas chromatographic column or a quadrupole mass spectrometer operating low-voltage electron impact mode afford rapid access to detailed profiles of such materials. The virtue of these parallel approaches are compared and contrasted in application to the elucidation of Devonian Shale and other geological material.
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Jones, C.E.R. & Vanderborgh, N.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Optical constants of kerogen from 0. 15 to 40. mu. m: Comparison with meteoritic organics

Description: Kerogens are dark, complex organic materials produced on the earth primarily by geologic processing of biologic materials, but kerogens have chemical and spectral similarities to some classes of highly processed extraterrestrial organic materials. Kerogen-like solids have been proposed as constituents of the very dark reddish surfaces of some asteroids and are also spectrally similar to some carbonaceous organic residues and the Iapetus dark material. Kerogen can thus serve as a useful laborato… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Khare, B.N.; Thompson, W.R.; Sagan, C. (Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (USA). Lab. for Planetary Studies); Arakawa, E.T.; Meisse, C. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)) & Gilmour, I. (Chicago Univ., IL (USA))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Natural gas accumulations in low-permeability Tertiary, and Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) rock, Uinta Basin, Utah

Description: This report characterizes Upper Cretaceous Campanian and Maastrichtian, and lower Tertiary gas-bearing rocks in the Uinta Basin with special emphasis on those units that contain gas in reservoirs that have been described as being tight. The report was prepared for the USDOE whose Western Tight Gas Sandstone Program cofunded much of this research in conjunction with the US Geological Survey's Evolution of Sedimentary Basins, and Onshore Oil and Gas Programs. (VC)
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Fouch, T. D.; Wandrey, C. J.; Pitman, J. K.; Nuccio, V. F.; Schmoker, J. W.; Rice, D. D. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Kinetic models of hydrocarbon generation

Description: We are carrying out an integrated program of laboratory experiments, kinetics modeling, and basin thermal history modeling in order to better understand the natural breakdown of organic matter into oil and gas. Our kinetic models of organic maturation are being used to better understand the coupling of generation, cracking, expulsion, and overpressuring in both the laboratory and geologic setting. Currently we are carrying out chemical experiments and developing more efficient chemical kinetic … more
Date: October 25, 1990
Creator: Burnham, A. K. & Sweeney, J. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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New Albany shale flash pyrolysis under hot-recycled-solid conditions: Chemistry and kinetics, II

Description: The authors are continuing a study of recycle retorting of eastern and western oil shales using burnt shale as the solid heat carrier. Stripping of adsorbed oil from solid surfaces rather than the primary pyrolysis of kerogen apparently controls the release rate of the last 10--20% of hydrocarbons. Thus, the desorption rate defines the time necessary for oil recovery from a retort and sets the minimum hold-time in the pyrolyzer. A fluidized-bed oil shale retort resembles a fluidized-bed cat cra… more
Date: November 1, 1990
Creator: Coburn, T. T. & Morris, C. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Physicochemical characterization of Devonian gas shale

Description: Several physicochemical analyses are being performed to better characterize the Devonian gas shales located in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The results of these analyses are being integrated with the geochemical analyses to present an accurate characterization of the Devonian shales and to accurately assess their resource potential. These studies are also providing data that are being used to evaluate the physical behavior of the shales.
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Zielinski, R. E.; Attalla, A.; Stacy, E.; Craft, B. D. & Wise, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of coals, other kerogens, and their extracts by thermal mass spectrometry

Description: The objective of this study is to elucidate the nature of the medium size molecules derived from coals by a succession of stronger extraction conditions. The Argonne Premium Coals have been extracted with pyridine, binary solvents and with KOH/ethylene glycol at 250{degrees}C. Thermal desorption and pyrolysis mass spectrometry were the major approaches chosen to provide detailed information on structure and heteroatom composition. Soft ionization techniques including desorption chemical ionizat… more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Winans, R. E.; Melnikov, P. E. & McBeth, R. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis of high pressure oil shale Hugoniots

Description: A collection of low and high stress level Hugoniot data for a low kerogen content, porous Anvil Points oil shale are analyzed with the P-..cap alpha.. model to give a Hugoniot for kerogen free shale. The P-..cap alpha.. model suggests an ''elastic'' yield stress, P/sub e/, of 0.5 GPa and a solid density complete compaction pressure, P/sub s/, of 10.0 GPa. Knowledge of this behavior permits the calculations of the in situ, ''effective,'' Hugoniot of kerogen from extensive Hugoniot data for vario… more
Date: February 1, 1977
Creator: Munson, D. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary study of the oil shales of the Green River formation in the tri-state area of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming to investigate their utility for disposal of radioactive waste

Description: Results are presented of a preliminary study of the oil shales of the Green River formation in the tri-state area of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming to investigate their utility for possible disposal of radioactive waste material. The objective of this study was to make a preliminary investigation and to obtain a broad overview of the physical and economic factors which would have an effect on the suitability of the oil shale formations for possible disposal of radioactive waste material. These phy… more
Date: May 1, 1975
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analysis of low stress oil shale Hugoniots

Description: Analysis of low stress Hugoniot data on Anvil Points oil shale was accomplished through careful categorization of data depending upon density. Density is directly related to kerogen content and kerogen content is a strong variable in determining the Hugoniot. For a given density (kerogen content), the shock velocity-particle velocity data show a minimum in shock velocity believed related to yielding in the rock constituent of the oil shale. Low stress Hugoniot data blend smoothly with high pres… more
Date: October 1, 1977
Creator: Munson, D. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Significance of Isotopically Labile Organic Hydrogen in Thermal Maturation of Organic Matter

Description: Isotopically labile organic hydrogen in fossil fuels occupies chemical positions that participate in isotopic exchange and in chemical reactions during thermal maturation from kerogen to bitumen, oil and gas. Carbon-bound organic hydrogen is isotopically far less exchangeable than hydrogen bound to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. We explore why organic hydrogen isotope ratios express a relationship with organic nitrogen isotope ratios in kerogen at low to moderate maturity. We develop and apply ne… more
Date: March 30, 2010
Creator: Schimmelmann, Arndt & Mastalerz, Maria
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced Chemistry Basins Model

Description: The DOE-funded Advanced Chemistry Basin model project is intended to develop a public domain, user-friendly basin modeling software under PC or low end workstation environment that predicts hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, migration and chemistry. The main features of the software are that it will: (1) afford users the most flexible way to choose or enter kinetic parameters for different maturity indicators; (2) afford users the most flexible way to choose or enter compositional kinetic param… more
Date: November 10, 2002
Creator: Goddard, William; Blanco, Mario; Cathles, Lawrence; Manhardt, Paul; Meulbroek, Peter & Tang, Yongchun
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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KINETICS: A computer program to analyze chemical reaction data. Revision 2

Description: KINETICS (Version 3.2) is a copyrighted, user-friendly kinetics analysis computer program designed for reactions such-as kerogen or polymer decomposition. It can fit rate parameters to chemical reaction data (rate or cumulative reacted) measured at a series of constant temperatures, constant heating rates, or arbitrary thermal histories. The program uses two models with conversion-dependent Azrhenius parameters and two models with activation energy distributions. The discrete distribution model… more
Date: September 1994
Creator: Braun, R. L. & Burnham, A. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Organic/Inorganic interactions of nitrogen in oil fields Geochemistry. Part 1, Geochemistry: Final report, September 15, 1991--March 15, 1994

Description: This research examines the nitrogen isotopic composition of fixed-NH{sub 4} in order to test the hypothesis that NH{sub 4}{sup +} is released from organic matter during hydrocarbon generation and can be incorporated in diagenetic clay minerals along migration conduits. Anomalously high levels of NH{sub 4}-substitution recognized in hydrocarbon bearing sandstones may indicate paths of hydrocarbon migration long after the hydrocarbons have moved on toward a trap. This is important because most of… more
Date: March 1994
Creator: Willimas, L. B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analysis of Devonian Black Shales in Kentucky for Potential Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enhanced Natural Gas Production Quarterly Report: April-June 2005

Description: Devonian gas shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky. In the shale, natural gas is adsorbed on clay and kerogen surfaces. This is analogous to methane storage in coal beds, where CO{sub 2} is preferentially adsorbed, displacing methane. Black shales may similarly desorb methane in the presence of CO{sub 2}. Drill cuttings from the Kentucky Geological Survey Well Sample and Core Library were sampled to determine CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} adsorption isotherms. Sidewall core samples wer… more
Date: July 29, 2005
Creator: Nuttall, Brandon C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Chemical reaction model for oil and gas generation from type 1 and type 2 kerogen

Description: A global model for the generation of oil and gas from petroleum source rocks is presented. The model consists of 13 chemical species and 10 reactions, including an alternate-pathway mechanism for kerogen pyrolysis. Reaction rate parameters and stoichiometry coefficients determined from a variety of pyrolysis data are given for both type I and type II kerogen. Use of the chemical reaction model is illustrated for typical geologic conditions.
Date: June 1993
Creator: Braun, R. L. & Burnham, A. K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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