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Residential hot water distribution systems: Roundtablesession

Description: Residential building practice currently ignores the lossesof energy and water caused by the poor design of hot water systems. Theselosses include: combustion and standby losses from water heaters, thewaste of water (and energy) while waiting for hot water to get to thepoint of use; the wasted heat as water cools down in the distributionsystem after a draw; heat losses from recirculation systems and thediscarded warmth of waste water as it runs down the drain. Severaltechnologies are available t… more
Date: August 1, 2002
Creator: Lutz, James D.; Klein, Gary; Springer, David & Howard, Bion D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development of Standardized Domestic Hot Water Event Schedules for Residential Buildings

Description: The Building America Research Benchmark is a standard house definition created as a point of reference for tracking progress toward multi-year energy savings targets. As part of its development, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has established a set of domestic hot water events to be used in conjunction with sub-hourly analysis of advanced hot water systems.
Date: August 1, 2008
Creator: Hendron, R. & Burch, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Estimating Energy and Water Losses in Residential Hot Water Distribution Systems

Description: Residential single family building practice currently ignores the losses of energy and water caused by the poor design of hot water systems. These losses include; the waste of water while waiting for hot water to get to the point of use; the wasted heat as water cools down in the distribution system after a draw; and the energy needed to reheat water that was already heated once before. Average losses of water are estimated to be 6.35 gallons (24.0 L) per day. (This is water that is rundown the… more
Date: February 26, 2005
Creator: Lutz, James
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Validation of a Hot Water Distribution Model Using Laboratory and Field Data

Description: Characterizing the performance of hot water distribution systems is a critical step in developing best practice guidelines for the design and installation of high performance hot water systems. Developing and validating simulation models is critical to this effort, as well as collecting accurate input data to drive the models. In this project, the ARBI team validated the newly developed TRNSYS Type 604 pipe model against both detailed laboratory and field distribution system performance data. V… more
Date: July 1, 2013
Creator: Backman, C. & Hoeschele, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Saving Water Saves Energy

Description: Hot water use in households, for showers and baths as wellas for washing clothes and dishes, is a major driver of household energyconsumption. Other household uses of water (such as irrigatinglandscaping) require additional energy in other sectors to transport andtreat the water before use, and to treat wastewater. In California, 19percent of total electricity for all sectors combined and 32 percent ofnatural gas consumption is related to water. There is a criticalinterdependence between energy… more
Date: June 15, 2006
Creator: McMahon, James E.; Whitehead, Camilla Dunham & Biermayer, Peter
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tool for Generating Realistic Residential Hot Water Event Schedules: Preprint

Description: The installed energy savings for advanced residential hot water systems can depend greatly on detailed occupant use patterns. Quantifying these patterns is essential for analyzing measures such as tankless water heaters, solar hot water systems with demand-side heat exchangers, distribution system improvements, and recirculation loops. This paper describes the development of an advanced spreadsheet tool that can generate a series of year-long hot water event schedules consistent with realistic … more
Date: August 1, 2010
Creator: Hendron, B.; Burch, J. & Barker, G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development and testing of a photometric method to identify non-operating solar hot water systems in field settings.

Description: This report presents the results of experimental tests of a concept for using infrared (IR) photos to identify non-operational systems based on their glazing temperatures; operating systems have lower glazing temperatures than those in stagnation. In recent years thousands of new solar hot water (SHW) systems have been installed in some utility districts. As these numbers increase, concern is growing about the systems dependability because installation rebates are often based on the assumption … more
Date: June 1, 2012
Creator: He, Hongbo (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM); Vorobieff, Peter V. (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM); Menicucci, David (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM); Mammoli, Andrea A. (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM) & Carlson, Jeffrey J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Feasibility study and roadmap to improve residential hot water distribution systems

Description: Residential building practice currently ignores the losses of energy and water caused by the poor design of hot water systems. These losses include: the waste of water while waiting for hot water to get to the point of use; the wasted heat as water cools down in the distribution system after a draw; and the energy to reheat water that was already heated once before. A feasibility study and an action plan for a proposed research project involving residential hot water distribution systems is bei… more
Date: March 31, 2004
Creator: Lutz, James D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Report on the analysis of field data relating to the reliability of solar hot water systems.

Description: Utilities are overseeing the installations of thousand of solar hot water (SHW) systems. Utility planners have begun to ask for quantitative measures of the expected lifetimes of these systems so that they can properly forecast their loads. This report, which augments a 2009 reliability analysis effort by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), addresses this need. Additional reliability data have been collected, added to the existing database, and analyzed. The results are presented. Additionally,… more
Date: July 1, 2011
Creator: Menicucci, David F. (Building Specialists, Inc., Albuquerque, NM)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

Field Test of a DHW Distribution System: Temperature and Flow Analyses

Description: This presentation discusses a field test of a DHW distribution system in an occupied townhome. It includes measured fixture flows and temperatures, a tested recirculation system, evaluated disaggregation of flow by measured temperatures, Aquacraft Trace Wizard analysis, and comparison.
Date: May 13, 2010
Creator: Barley, C. D.; Hendron, B. & Magnusson, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comparison of Advanced Residential Water Heating Technologies in the United States

Description: Gas storage, gas tankless, condensing, electric storage, heat pump, and solar water heaters were simulated in several different climates across the US installed in both conditioned and unconditioned space and subjected to several different draw profiles. While many preexisting models were used, new models of condensing and heat pump water heaters were created specifically for this work.
Date: May 1, 2013
Creator: Maguire, J.; Fang, X. & Wilson, E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

OUT Success Stories: Solar Hot Water Technology

Description: Solar hot water technology was made great strides in the past two decades. Every home, commercial building, and industrial facility requires hot water. DOE has helped to develop reliable and durable solar hot water systems. For industrial applications, the growth potential lies in large-scale systems, using flat-plate and trough-type collectors. Flat-plate collectors are commonly used in residential hot water systems and can be integrated into the architectural design of the building.
Date: August 31, 2000
Creator: Clyne, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis Model for Domestic Hot Water Distribution Systems: Preprint

Description: A thermal model was developed to estimate the energy losses from prototypical domestic hot water (DHW) distribution systems for homes. The developed model, using the TRNSYS simulation software, allows researchers and designers to better evaluate the performance of hot water distribution systems in homes. Modeling results were compared with past experimental study results and showed good agreement.
Date: November 1, 2011
Creator: Maguire, J.; Krarti, M. & Fang, X.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Applicability of Related Data, Algorithms, and Models to the Simulation of Ground-Coupled Residential Hot Water Piping in California

Description: Residential water heating is an important consideration in California?s building energy efficiency standard. Explicit treatment of ground-coupled hot water piping is one of several planned improvements to the standard. The properties of water, piping, insulation, backfill materials, concrete slabs, and soil, their interactions, and their variations with temperature and over time are important considerations in the required supporting analysis. Heat transfer algorithms and models devised for gen… more
Date: January 1, 2006
Creator: Warner, J. L. & Lutz, J. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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LWRS Fuels Pathway: Engineering Design and Fuels Pathway Initial Testing of the Hot Water Corrosion System

Description: The Advanced LWR Nuclear Fuel Development R&D pathway performs strategic research focused on cladding designs leading to improved reactor core economics and safety margins. The research performed is to demonstrate the nuclear fuel technology advancements while satisfying safety and regulatory limits. These goals are met through rigorous testing and analysis. The nuclear fuel technology developed will assist in moving existing nuclear fuel technology to an improved level that would not be practi… more
Date: September 1, 2012
Creator: Garnier, Dr. John & McHugh, Dr. Kevin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems: Cost/Benefit Analysis and Opportunities for Improvement

Description: To determine potential for reduction in the cost of saved energy (COSE) for cold-climate solar domestic hot water (SDHW) systems, COSE was computed for three types of cold climate water heating systems. For each system, a series of cost-saving measures was considered: (1) balance of systems (BOS): tank, heat exchanger, and piping-valving measures; and (2) four alternative lower-cost collectors. Given all beneficial BOS measures in place, >50% reduction of COSE was achievable only with select… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Burch, J.; Hillman, T. & Salasovich, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy Sources and Systems Analysis: 40 South Lincoln Redevelopment District (Full Report)

Description: This report presents the results of a case study to analyze district energy systems for their potential use in a project that involves redeveloping 270 units of existing public housing, along with other nearby sites. When complete, the redevelopment project will encompass more than 900 mixed-income residential units, commercial and retail properties, and open space. The analysis estimated the hourly heating, cooling, domestic hot water, and electric loads required by the community; investigated… more
Date: August 1, 2011
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Evaluation of the Effects of Geothermal Reservoir Fluid Temperature on the Costs of Steam Production and Power Generation

Description: This report provides a preliminary evaluation of the effect of reservoir temperatures on the cost of geothermal hot water wells and flash-steam gathering systems to support a 50,000 kW power plant. Comparisons are made of the capital investments required for each case and the corresponding payout period based on steam costs of 6 mill/kWh of power generated. In order to show how the reservoir temperatures and steam cost affect the cost of electric power delivered to the high tension bus at the p… more
Date: April 1, 1973
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Quantifying the Effect of the Principal-Agent Problem on US Residential Energy Use

Description: The International Energy Agency (IEA) initiated andcoordinated this project to investigate the effects of market failures inthe end-use of energy that may isolate some markets or portions thereoffrom energy price signals in five member countries. Quantifying theamount of energy associated with market failures helps to demonstrate thesignificance of energy efficiency policies beyond price signals. In thisreport we investigate the magnitude of the principal-agent (PA) problemaffecting four of the… more
Date: August 12, 2006
Creator: Murtishaw, Scott & Sathaye, Jayant
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Enhancement of Solar Energy Representation in the GCAM Model

Description: The representation of solar technologies in a research version of the GCAM (formerly MiniCAM) integrated assessment model have been enhanced to add technologies, improve the underlying data, and improve the interaction with the rest of the model. We find that the largest potential impact from the inclusion of thermal Concentrating Solar Power plants, which supply a substantial portion of electric generation in sunny regions of the world. Drawing on NREL research, domestic Solar Hot Water techno… more
Date: February 1, 2010
Creator: Smith, Steven J.; Volke, April C. & Delgado Arias, Sabrina
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy Sources and Systems Analysis: 40 South Lincoln Redevelopment District (Short Report)

Description: This report presents the a brief overview of the results of a case study to analyze district energy systems for their potential use in a project that involves redeveloping 270 units of existing public housing, along with other nearby sites. When complete, the redevelopment project will encompass more than 900 mixed-income residential units, commercial and retail properties, and open space. The analysis estimated the hourly heating, cooling, domestic hot water, and electric loads required by the… more
Date: August 1, 2011
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Water as a Reagent for Soil Remediation

Description: SRI International conducted experiments in a two-year, two-phase process to develop and evaluate hydrothermal extraction technology, also known as hot water extraction (HWE) technology, for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. The bench-scale demonstration of the process has shown great promise, and the implementation of this technology will revolutionize the conventional use of water in soil remediation technologies and provide a standalone technology for removal of both volatile and heav… more
Date: March 6, 2003
Creator: Jayaweera, Indira S.; Marti-Perez, Montserrat; Diaz-Ferrero, Jordi & Sanjurjo, Angel
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Performance Comparison of Residential Hot Water Systems; Period of Performance: January 30, 2001 through July 29, 2002

Description: A laboratory test experiment was conducted to measure the energy performance of two different types of water heaters--electric storage tank and demand (tankless)--in two types of plumbing distribution systems--copper piping in a tree configuration and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) piping in a parallel configuration. Two water-usage patterns were used in the week-long experiments and in the annual simulations: one representing a high-usage home and the other representing a low-usage home. Resu… more
Date: March 1, 2003
Creator: Wiehagen, J. & Sikora, J. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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