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An Insect Herbivore Microbiome with High Plant Biomass-Degrading Capacity

Description: Herbivores can gain indirect access to recalcitrant carbon present in plant cell walls through symbiotic associations with lignocellulolytic microbes. A paradigmatic example is the leaf-cutter ant (Tribe: Attini), which uses fresh leaves to cultivate a fungus for food in specialized gardens. Using a combination of sugar composition analyses, metagenomics, and whole-genome sequencing, we reveal that the fungus garden microbiome of leaf-cutter ants is composed of a diverse community of bacteria w… more
Date: September 23, 2010
Creator: Suen, Garret; Barry, Kerrie; Goodwin, Lynne; Scott, Jarrod; Aylward, Frank; Adams, Sandra et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Understanding enzyme catalysis using computer simulation

Description: Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions with remarkable specificity and efficiency, usually under physiological conditions. Computer simulation is a powerful tool for understanding enzyme catalytic mechanisms, particularly in cases where standard experimental techniques may be of limited utility. Here, we present an overview of the application of computer simulation techniques to understanding enzyme catalytic mechanisms. Examples using quantum chemical methods, as well as combined quantum mecha… more
Date: January 1, 2010
Creator: Parks, Jerry M; Imhof, Petra & Smith, Jeremy C
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Enzyme-Like Catalysis of the Nazarov Cyclization by Supramolecular Encapsulation

Description: A primary goal in the design and synthesis of molecular hosts has been the selective recognition and binding of a variety of guests using non-covalent interactions. Supramolecular catalysis, which is the application of such hosts towards catalysis, has much in common with many enzymatic reactions, chiefly the use of both spatially appropriate binding pockets and precisely oriented functional groups to recognize and activate specific substrate molecules. Although there are now many examples whic… more
Date: March 29, 2010
Creator: Hastings, Courtney; Pluth, Michael; Bergman, Robert & Raymond, Kenneth
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Magnetic nanoparticles for applications in oscillating magnetic field

Description: Enzymatic and thermochemical catalysis are both important industrial processes. However, the thermal requirements for each process often render them mutually exclusive: thermochemical catalysis requires high temperature that denatures enzymes. One of the long-term goals of this project is to design a thermocatalytic system that could be used with enzymatic systems in situ to catalyze reaction sequences in one pot; this system would be useful for numerous applications e.g. conversion of biomass … more
Date: December 15, 2010
Creator: Peeraphatdit, Chorthip
Item Type: Refine your search to only Thesis or Dissertation
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

2010 IRON-SULFUR ENZYMES GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE, JUNE 6-11, 2010

Description: Iron-sulfur (FeS) centers are essential for biology and inspirational in chemistry. These protein cofactors are broadly defined as active sites in which Fe is coordinated by S-donor ligands, often in combination with extra non-protein components, for example, additional metal atoms such as Mo and Ni, and soft ligands such as CN{sup -} and CO. Iron-sulfur centers are inherently air sensitive: they are found in essentially all organisms and it is possible that they were integral components of the… more
Date: June 11, 2010
Creator: Gray, Nancy Ryan
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Task 1.5 Genomic Shift and Drift Trends of Emerging Pathogens

Description: The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Bioinformatics group has recently taken on a role in DTRA's Transformation Medical Technologies Initiative (TMTI). The high-level goal of TMTI is to accelerate the development of broad-spectrum countermeasures. To achieve those goals, TMTI has a near term need to conduct analyses of genomic shift and drift trends of emerging pathogens, with a focused eye on select agent pathogens, as well as antibiotic and virulence markers. Most emerging human … more
Date: January 5, 2010
Creator: Borucki, M
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Maltose Biochemistry and Transport in Plant Leaves

Description: Final Technical Report for DOE grant DE-FG02-04ER15565 Maltose Biochemistry and Transport in Plant Leaves PI Thomas D. Sharkey University of Wisconsin-Madison Starch is a desirable plant product for both food and biofuel. Leaf starch is ideal for use in biofuels because it does not compete with grain starch, which is used for food. Starch is accumulated in plant leaves during the day and broken down at night. If we can manipulate leaf starch breakdown it may be possible to design a plant that p… more
Date: January 28, 2010
Creator: Sharkey, Thomas D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Extracellular oxidative metabolism of wood decay fungi

Description: Substantial progress has been made toward understanding the fundamental physiology and genetics of wood decay fungi, microbes that are capable of degrading all major components of plant cell walls. Efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass has been hampered in part by limitations in our understanding of enzymatic mechanisms of plant cell wall degradation. This is particularly true of woody substrates where accessibility and high lignin content substantially complicate enzymatic 'deconstr… more
Date: April 21, 2010
Creator: Cullen, Daniel
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Engineering Thermotolerant Biocatalysts for Biomass Conversion to Products

Description: Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for producing renewable chemicals and transportation fuels as petroleum substitutes. Fermentation of the cellulose in biomass in an SSF process requires that the properties of the microbial biocatalyst match the fungal cellulase activity optima for cost-effective production of products. Fermentation of the pentose sugars derived from hemicellulose in biomass is an additional asset of an ideal biocatalyst. The microbial biocatalyst used by the ind… more
Date: May 20, 2010
Creator: K. T. Shanmugam, L. O. Ingram and J. A. Maupin-Furlow
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Techno-Economic Analysis of Biochemical Scenarios for Production of Cellulosic Ethanol

Description: A techno-economic analysis on the production of cellulosic ethanol by fermentation was conducted to understand the viability of liquid biofuel production processes within the next 5-8 years. Initially, 35 technologies were reviewed, then a two-step down selection was performed to choose scenarios to be evaluated in a more detailed economic analysis. The lignocellulosic ethanol process was selected because it is well studied and portions of the process have been tested at pilot scales. Seven pro… more
Date: June 1, 2010
Creator: Kazi, F. K.; Fortman, J.; Anex, R.; Kothandaraman, G.; Hsu, D.; Aden, A. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Final Technical Report DOE/GO/13142-1

Description: This research adds to the understanding of the areas of residual starch and biomass conversion to alcohol, by providing data from pilot plant equipment of larger scale than the minimum required to give commercially scalable data. Instrumentation and control is in place to capture the information produced, for economic and technical evaluation. The impact of rheology, recycle streams, and residence time distributions on the technical and economic performance can be assessed. Various processes ca… more
Date: September 15, 2010
Creator: Mulvihill, Patrick & Nguyen, Quang
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Determination of saccharides and ethanol from biomass conversion using Raman spectroscopy: Effects of pretreatment and enzyme composition

Description: This dissertation focuses on the development of facile and rapid quantitative Raman spectroscopy measurements for the determination of conversion products in producing bioethanol from corn stover. Raman spectroscopy was chosen to determine glucose, xylose and ethanol in complex hydrolysis and fermentation matrices. Chapter 1 describes the motives and main goals of this work, and includes an introduction to biomass, commonly used pretreatment methods, hydrolysis and fermentation reactions. The p… more
Date: January 1, 2010
Creator: Shih, Chien-Ju
Item Type: Refine your search to only Thesis or Dissertation
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Benzene-derived N2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-deoxyguanosine adduct: UvrABC incision and its conformation in DNA

Description: Benzene, a ubiquitous human carcinogen, forms DNA adducts through its metabolites such as p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) and hydroquinone (HQ). N(2)-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (N(2)-4-HOPh-dG) is the principal adduct identified in vivo by (32)P-postlabeling in cells or animals treated with p-BQ or HQ. To study its effect on repair specificity and replication fidelity, we recently synthesized defined oligonucleotides containing a site-specific adduct using phosphoramidite chemistry. We here repo… more
Date: June 14, 2010
Creator: Hang, Bo; Rodriguez, Ben; Yang, Yanu; Guliaev, Anton B. & Chenna, Ahmed
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Carboxysome and Other Bacterial Microcompartments

Description: - Carboxysomes are part of the carbon concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria and chemoautotrophs. - Carboxysomes are a subclass of bacterial microcompartments (BMCs); BMCs can encapsulate a range of metabolic processes. - Like some viral particles, the carboxysome can be modeled as an icosahedron-in its case, having 4,000-5,000 hexameric shell subunits and 12 surface pentamers to generate curvature. - The threefold axis of symmetry of the CsoS1D protein in carboxysomes forms a pore that can o… more
Date: June 23, 2010
Creator: Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Greenleaf, William B. & Kinney, James N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of metagenomic-based enzyme discovery in lignocellulytic microbial communities

Description: Producing cellulosic biofuels from plant material has recently emerged as a key U.S. Department of Energy goal. For this technology to be commercially viable on a large scale, it is critical to make production cost efficient by streamlining both the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass and fuel production. Many natural ecosystems efficiently degrade lignocellulosic biomass and harbor enzymes that, when identified, could be used to increase the efficiency of commercial biomass deconstructio… more
Date: March 1, 2010
Creator: DeAngelis, K. M.; Gladden, J. G.; Allgaier, M.; D'haeseleer, P.; Fortney, J. L.; Reddy, A. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Improvements In Ethanologenic Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Oxytoca

Description: The current Verenium cellulosic ethanol process is based on the dilute-acid pretreatment of a biomass feedstock, followed by a two-stage fermentation of the pentose sugar-containing hydrolysate by a genetically modified ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain and a separate simultaneous saccharification-fermentation (SSF) of the cellulosic fraction by a genetically modified ethanologenic Klebsiella oxytoca strain and a fungal enzyme cocktail. In order to reduce unit operations and produce a ferme… more
Date: September 30, 2010
Creator: Nunn, Dr. David
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Bacterial Microcompartments

Description: Bacterialmicrocompartments (BMCs) are organelles composed entirely of protein. They promote specific metabolic processes by encapsulatingand colocalizing enzymes with their substrates and cofactors, by protecting vulnerable enzymes in a defined microenvironment, and bysequestering toxic or volatile intermediates. Prototypes of the BMCsare the carboxysomes of autotrophic bacteria. However, structures of similarpolyhedral shape are being discovered in an ever-increasing number of heterotrophi… more
Date: June 5, 2010
Creator: Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Heinhorst, Sabine & Cannon, Gordon C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Influence of uranyl speciation and iron oxides on uranium biogeochemical redox reactions

Description: Uranium is a pollutant of concern to both human and ecosystem health. Uranium's redox state often dictates its partitioning between the aqueous- and solid-phases, and thus controls its dissolved concentration and, coupled with groundwater flow, its migration within the environment. In anaerobic environments, the more oxidized and mobile form of uranium (UO{sub 2}{sup 2+} and associated species) may be reduced, directly or indirectly, by microorganisms to U(IV) with subsequent precipitation of U… more
Date: March 15, 2010
Creator: Stewart, B.D.; Amos, R.T.; Nico, P.S. & Fendorf, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Coordination of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Signaling During Maize Seed Development

Description: Seed storage reserves represent one of the most important sources of renewable fixed carbon and nitrogen found in nature. Seeds are well-adapted for diverting metabolic resources to synthesize storage proteins as well as enzymes and structural proteins needed for their transport and packaging into membrane bound storage protein bodies. Our underlying hypothesis is that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response provides the critical cellular control of metabolic flux required for optimal … more
Date: November 20, 2010
Creator: Boston, Rebecca S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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