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in subjects: "Enrichment"

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Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine

This report contains the data gathered from tests conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine to study the benefits and problems of oxygen-enriched diesel combustion and the use of water-emulsified and low-grade diesel fuels. This research, funded by the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) in the United States Department of Energy, is being conducted in support of the Industrial Cogeneration Program. The report is made up of two volumes. Volume 1 contains the description of the experiments… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: Sekar, R.R.; Marr, W.W.; Cole, R.L. & Marciniak, T.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power. Report of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program. Volume II. Proliferation resistance

The purpose of this volume is limited to an assessment of the relative effects that particular choices of nuclear-power systems, for whatever reasons, may have on the possible spread of nuclear-weapons capabilities. This volume addresses the concern that non-nuclear-weapons states may be able to initiate efforts to acquire or to improve nuclear-weapons capabilities through civilian nuclear-power programs; it also addresses the concern that subnational groups may obtain and abuse the nuclear mat… more

Date: June 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

ENDF/B-V cell comparisons and MCNP-3A

This study compares calculated results from the CELL-2 spectrum code to calculated results from the MCNP Monte Carlo code for typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel lattices at elevated temperatures. The MCNP calculations represent the first analysis of commerical fuel lattices by continuous energy Monte Carlo at realistic temperaturs with ENDF/B-V data. Eigenvalue results demonstrate that the two codes agree to within the statistical uncertainty of MCNP. No systematic variations or biase… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Eich, W. J.; Eisenhart, L. D.; Little, R. C.; Mosteller, R. D. & Chao, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine

The performance of a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine was measured with intake oxygen levels of up to 35% and fuel water contents of up to 20%. Because a previous study indicated that the use of a less-expensive fuel would be more economical, two series of tests with No. 4 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel were conducted. To control the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), water was introduced into the combustion process in the form of water-emulsified fuel, or the fuel inje… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: Sekar, R. R.; Marr, W. W.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power. Report of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program. Volume IX. Reactor and fuel cycle description

The Nonproliferation Alterntive Systems Assessment Program (NASAP) has characterized and assessed various reactor/fuel-cycle systems. Volume IX provides, in summary form, the technical descriptions of the reactor/fuel-cycle systems studied. This includes the status of the system technology, as well as a discussion of the safety, environmental, and licensing needs from a technical perspective. This information was then used in developing the research, development, and demonstration (RD and D) pr… more

Date: June 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Economic and Non-proliferation Policy Considerations of Uranium Enrichment in Brazil and Argentina

The nuclear development programs of both Argentina and Brazil have, since the 1970s, been premised on the desire for self-sufficiency and assurance of nuclear fuel supply. While military rivalry and mutual distrust led to nuclear weapons related development programs in the 1970s and 1980s, both countries have since terminated these programs. Furthermore, the governments of both countries have pledged their commitment to exclusively non-explosive use of nuclear energy and have signed the Non Pro… more

Date: September 1, 2008

Creator: Short, Steven M.; Phillips, Jon R.; Weimar, Mark R. & Mahy, Heidi A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

An Isotope Effect in a Simple Chemical Reaction

It has been found that the carbon dioxide obtained from the decarboxylation of singly-carboxyl labeled malonic acid is impoverished in the C{sup 14} label and that the acetic acid formed is correspondingly enriched.

Date: July 13, 1948

Creator: Yankwich, Peter E. & Calvin, Melvin

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Plutonium isotopic analysis system for plutonium samples enriched in sup 238 Pu in EP 60/61 containers

This user's manual is addressed to the Savannah River Site personnel (routine operators and supervisors) who perform measurements with the Pu-238 isotopic analysis system. Each chapter begins with a table of contents that lists the section title, illustrations, and tabular data presented in that chapter. The first chapter in this manual is an introduction to the system. Chapter 2 lists required settings for the system's commercial nuclear instrument modules. System operating procedures are give… more

Date: June 1, 1990

Creator: Ruhter, W. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Experimental and computer modeling studies of isotopically selective two-step laser photodissociation of small molecules

The approach to laser isotope separation taken in this study is based on isotopically selective, two-step, laser photodissociation of small molecules. A primary goal of this study is the measurement of fundamental molecular processes which control the two-step, photodissociative isotope enrichment process. This objective has led to experimental measurements of uv photodissociation cross sections for vibrationally excited states of several small molecules, including the first cross section repor… more

Date: March 25, 1992

Creator: Zittel, P.F.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

A computer modeling study of isotopically selective, laser photodissociation of OCS in cryogenic solutions

Computer model calculations are presented for enrichments of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur isotopes by two-step, IR/UV, laser photodissociation of OCS in rare gas liquid solutions. The model calculations are based on previously measured fundamental physical properties, including spectroscopic parameters of the IR absorption bands of OCS in cryogenic solution, UV photodissociation cross sections for specific vibrational levels of OCS, and rates for vibrational relaxation of OCS by cryogenic solvent… more

Date: December 23, 1991

Creator: Zittel, P.F.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Characterization of Open-Cycle Coal-Fired MHD Generators. 14th/15th Quarterly Technical Progress Report, February 1-July 31, 1980

The successful design of full-scale, open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators for baseload electrical production requires a detailed understanding of the plasma chemical and plasma dynamic characteristics of anticipated combustor and channel fluids. Progress in efforts to model the efficiency of an open-cycle, coal-fired MHD channel based on the characterization of the channel flow as well as laboratory experiments to validate the modeling effort as detailed. In addition, studies related to unders… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Creator: Wormhoudt, J.; Yousefian, V.; Weinberg, M.; Kolb, C.; Martinez-Sanchez, M.; Cheng, W. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Low temperature cold trapping of uranium hexafluoride containing hydrogen fluoride

The use of a freezer-sublimer system operating at low desublimation pressures to replace 10-in. nuclearly safe cold traps for low assay (<5% U-235) uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) would significantly simplify operations and is economically attractive provided the nuclear safety of the system can be assured. A major requirement of such assurance is the availability of conditions guaranteeing that the nuclear safety design criterion, which requires that the H/U atomic ratio in the condensate in … more

Date: October 1, 1990

Creator: Hobbs, W. E.; Barber, E. J. & Jones, C. G.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Diesel engine experiments with oxygen enrichment, water addition and lower-grade fuel

The concept of oxygen enriched air applied to reciprocating engines is getting renewed attention in the context of the progress made in the enrichment methods and the tougher emissions regulations imposed on diesel and gasoline engines. An experimental project was completed in which a direct injection diesel engine was tested with intake oxygen levels of 21% -- 35%. Since an earlier study indicated that it is necessary to use a cheaper fuel to make the concept economically attractive, a less re… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Sekar, R.R.; Marr, W.W.; Cole, R.L.; Marciniak, T.J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)) & Schaus, J.E. (Autoresearch Labs., Inc. (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Oxygen-enriched diesel engine performance: A comparison of analytical and experimental results

Use of oxygen-enriched combustion air in diesel engines can lead to significant improvements in power density, as well as reductions in particulate emissions, but at the expense of higher NO{sub x} emissions. Oxygen enrichment would also lead to lower ignition delays and the opportunity to burn lower grade fuels. Analytical and experimental studies are being conducted in parallel to establish the optimal combination of oxygen level and diesel fuel properties. In this paper, cylinder pressure da… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Sekar, R.R.; Marr, W.W.; Cole, R.L.; Marciniak, T.J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Assanis, D.N. (Illinois Univ., Urbana, IL (USA)) & Schaus, J.E. (Autoresearch Labs., Inc., Chicago, IL (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Linear accelerator fuel enricher regenerator (LAFER) and fission product transmutor (APEX)

In addition to safety, two other major problems face the nuclear industry today; first is the long-term supply of fissle material and second is the disposal of long-lived fission product waste. The higher energy proton linear accelerator can assist in the solution of each of these problems. High energy protons from the linear accelerator interact with a molten lead target to produce spallation and evaporation neutrons. The neutrons are absorbed in a surrounding blanket of light water power reac… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Steinberg, M.; Powell, J.R.; Takahashi, H.; Grand, P. & Kouts, H.J.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

US/USSR cooperative program in open-cycle MHD electrical power gneration. Joint test report No. 2: tests in the U-25B facility; MHD generator test No. 3

The third joint test with a Soviet U-25B MHD generator and a US superconducting magnet system (SCMS) was conducted in the Soviet U-25B Facility. The primary objectives of the 3rd test were: (1) to operate the facility and MHD channel over a wider range of test parameters, and (2) to study the performance of all components and systems of the flow train at increased mass flow rates of combustion products (up to 4 kg/s), at high magnetic-field induction (up to 5 T), and high values of the electric… more

Date: April 1, 1979

Creator: Tempelmeyer, K E & Sokolov, Y N

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Study of the U-25B MHD generator system in strong electric and magnetic fields

The third and fourth tests of the U-25B facility have demonstrated that the MHD flow train has operated for over 50 h with little difficulty. Review of the data reveals no significant problems associated with vibration, stress, or fluctuation of the electrical and gasdynamic parameters of the system components. In Test 3, the MHD generator produced a maximum power of 575 kW, a maximum Hall voltage of 4240 V, and a maximum Hall field of 2100 V/m. Inverter loading characteristics indicated that t… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Iserov, A. D.; Maksimenko, V. I. & Maslennikov, G. I.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Reduced enrichment for research and test reactors: Proceedings

The international effort to develop new research reactor fuel materials and designs based on the use of low-enriched uranium, instead of highly-enriched uranium, has made much progress during the eight years since its inception. To foster direct communication and exchange of ideas among the specialist in this area, the Reduced Enrichment Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) Program, at the Argonne National Laboratory, sponsored this meeting as the ninth of a series which began in 1978. All previou… more

Date: May 1, 1988

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluation of flyash surface phenomena and the application of surface analysis technology. Summary report: Phase I. [44 elements; 86 references]

The factors governing the formation of flyash surfaces during and following coal combustion are reviewed. The competing chemical and physical processes during the evolution of inorganic material in coal during combustion into flyash are described with respect to various surface segregation processes. Two mechanisms leading to surface enrichment are volatilization-condensation processes and diffusion processes within individual flyash particles. The experimental evidence for each of these proces… more

Date: June 1, 1981

Creator: Smith, R. D.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

World nuclear fuel cycle requirements 1990

This analysis report presents the projected requirements for uranium concentrate and uranium enrichment services to fuel the nuclear power plants expected to be operating under three nuclear supply scenarios. Two of these scenarios, the Lower Reference and Upper Reference cases, apply to the United States, Canada, Europe, the Far East, and other countries with free market economies (FME countries). A No New Orders scenario is presented only for the United States. These nuclear supply scenarios … more

Date: October 26, 1990

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Simulation studies of diesel engine performance with oxygen enriched air and water emulsified fuels

A computer simulation code of a turbocharged, turbocompound diesel engine was modified to study the effects of using oxygen-enriched combustion air and water-emulsified diesel fuels. Oxygen levels of 21 percent to 40 percent by volume in the combustion air were studied. Water content in the fuel was varied from 0 percent to 50 percent mass. Simulation studies and a review and analysis of previous work in this area led to the following conclusions about expected engine performance and emissions:… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Assanis, D. N.; Baker, D.; Sekar, R. R.; Siambekos, C. T.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Diesel cogeneration plant using oxygen enriched air and emulsified fuels

The investigation of oxygen-enriched combustion of alternative fuels in diesel engines at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is based on information gathered from two previous Department of Energy programs. The first was the slow-speed diesel engine program which used fuels such as coal-water slurry and coal derived liquid fuels in a slow speed diesel engine. The second was the development of membrane oxygen separation equipment. The results of these programs indicated that using the new membran… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Marciniak, T.J.; Cole, R.L.; Sekar, R.R.; Stodolsky, F. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)) & Eustis, J.N. (USDOE, Washington, DC (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Laser Isotope Enrichment for Medical and Industrial Applications

Laser Isotope Enrichment for Medical and Industrial Applications by Jeff Eerkens (University of Missouri), Jay Kunze (Idaho State University), and Leonard Bond (Idaho National Laboratory) The principal isotope enrichment business in the world is the enrichment of uranium for commercial power reactor fuels. However, there are a number of other needs for separated isotopes. Some examples are: 1) Pure isotopic targets for irradiation to produce medical radioisotopes. 2) Pure isotopes for semicondu… more

Date: July 1, 2006

Creator: Bond, Leonard

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Studies of the impact of fuel enrichment on the performance of the advanced neutron source reactor

As part of a larger study involving several organizations, the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) Project made performance calculations for 19 different combinations of reactor core volume, fuel density and enrichment, power level, and other relevant parameters. These calculations were performed by Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Subsequently, ORNL analyzed 14 other cases. With the aid of data from these 33 cases, the laboratory has been able to… more

Date: January 1, 1995

Creator: West, C. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department