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An Analysis of the DER Adoption Climate in Japan UsingOptimization Results for Prototype Buildings with U.S. Comparisons

Description: This research demonstrates economically optimal distributedenergy resource (DER) system choice using the DER choice and operationsoptimization program, the Distributed Energy Resources Customer AdoptionModel (DER-CAM). DER-CAM finds the optimal combination of installedequipment given prevailing utility tariffs and fuel prices, siteelectrical and thermal loads (including absorption cooling), and a menuof available equipment. It provides a global optimization, albeitidealized, that shows how site… more
Date: June 16, 2006
Creator: Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan; Gao, Weijun & Nishida,Masaru
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of n-butanol

Description: BackgroundIncreasing energy costs and environmental concerns have motivated engineering microbes for the production of ?second generation? biofuels that have better properties than ethanol.Results& ConclusionsSaccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered with an n-butanol biosynthetic pathway, in which isozymes from a number of different organisms (S. cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium beijerinckii, and Ralstonia eutropha) were substituted for the Clostridial enzymes and their effect on n-… more
Date: November 25, 2008
Creator: Steen, EricJ.; Chan, Rossana; Prasad, Nilu; Myers, Samuel; Petzold, Christopher; Redding, Alyssa et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An Optimization and Assessment on DG adoption in JapanesePrototype Buildings

Description: This research investigates a method of choosing economicallyoptimal DER, expanding on prior studies at the Berkeley Lab using the DERdesign optimization program, the Distributed Energy Resources CustomerAdoption Model (DER-CAM). DER-CAM finds the optimal combination ofinstalled equipment from available DER technologies, given prevailingutility tariffs, site electrical and thermal loads, and a menu ofavailable equipment. It provides a global optimization, albeit idealized,that shows how the site… more
Date: November 30, 2005
Creator: Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan; Gao, Weijun & Nishida,Masaru
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Using measured equipment load profiles to 'right-size' HVACsystems and reduce energy use in laboratory buildings (Pt. 2)

Description: There is a general paucity of measured equipment load datafor laboratories and other complex buildings and designers often useestimates based on nameplate rated data or design assumptions from priorprojects. Consequently, peak equipment loads are frequentlyoverestimated, and load variation across laboratory spaces within abuilding is typically underestimated. This results in two design flaws.Firstly, the overestimation of peak equipment loads results in over-sizedHVAC systems, increasing initia… more
Date: June 29, 2005
Creator: Mathew, Paul; Greenberg, Steve; Frenze, David; Morehead, Michael; Sartor, Dale & Starr, William
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Regional and National Estimates of the PotentialEnergy Use, Energy Cost, and CO{sub 2} Emissions Associated with Radon Mitigation by Sub-slab Depressurization

Description: Active sub-slab depressurization (SSD) systems are an effective means of reducing indoor radon concentrations in residential buildings. However, energy is required to operate the system fan and to heat or cool the resulting increased building ventilation. We present regional and national estimates of the energy requirements, operating expenses, and CO{sub 2} emissions associated with using SSD systems at saturation (i.e., in all U.S. homes with radon concentrations above the EPA remediation gui… more
Date: March 1, 1996
Creator: Riley, W. J.; Fisk, W. J. & Gadgil, A. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Distributed Energy Resources On-Site Optimization for Commercial Buildings with Electric and Thermal Storage Technologies

Description: The addition of storage technologies such as flow batteries, conventional batteries, and heat storage can improve the economic as well as environmental attractiveness of on-site generation (e.g., PV, fuel cells, reciprocating engines or microturbines operating with or without CHP) and contribute to enhanced demand response. In order to examine the impact of storage technologies on demand response and carbon emissions, a microgrid's distributed energy resources (DER) adoption problem is formulat… more
Date: May 15, 2008
Creator: Lacommare, Kristina S H; Stadler, Michael; Aki, Hirohisa; Firestone, Ryan; Lai, Judy; Marnay, Chris et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Microgrid Selection and Operation for Commercial Buildings in California and New York States

Description: The addition of storage technologies such as lead-acid batteries, flow batteries, or heat storage can potentially improve the economic and environmental attractiveness of on-site generation such as PV, fuel cells, reciprocating engines or microturbines (with or without CHP), and can contribute to enhanced demand response. Preliminary analyses for a Californian nursing home indicate that storage technologies respond effectively to time-varying electricity prices, i.e., by charging batteries duri… more
Date: May 1, 2008
Creator: Division, Environmental Energy Technologies; Lacommare, Kristina S H; Marnay, Chris; Stadler, Michael; Aki, Hirohisa; Coffey, Brian et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Infiltration in ASHRAE's Residential Ventilation Standards

Description: The purpose of ventilation is to dilute or remove indoor contaminants that an occupant could be exposed to. It can be provided by mechanical or natural means. ASHRAE Standards including standards 62, 119, and 136 have all considered the contribution of infiltration in various ways, using methods and data from 20 years ago. The vast majority of homes in the United States and indeed the world are ventilated through natural means such as infiltration caused by air leakage. Newer homes in the weste… more
Date: October 1, 2008
Creator: Sherman, Max
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Distributed Generation with Heat Recovery and Storage

Description: Electricity produced by distributed energy resources (DER)located close to end-use loads has the potential to meet consumerrequirements more efficiently than the existing centralized grid.Installation of DER allows consumers to circumvent the costs associatedwith transmission congestion and other non-energy costs of electricitydelivery and potentially to take advantage of market opportunities topurchase energy when attractive. On-site, single-cycle thermal powergeneration is typically less effi… more
Date: June 16, 2006
Creator: Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan M. & Zhou, Nan
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy Accounting in Canning Tomato Products

Description: An energy-accounting method was used to determine energy use in various unit operations in canning tomato juice, whole-peeled tomatoes, and tomato paste. Data on steam and electric consumption were obtained from a canning plant with the use of steam flow meters and electric transducers. Unit operations associated with the following equipment were investigated: crushers, hot-break heaters, pulpers, finishers, lye-bath peelers, evaporators, and retorts. Data were analyzed to determine amount of e… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Singh, R. P.; Carroad, P. A.; Chhinnan, M. S.; Rose, W. W. & Jacob, N. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

International energy workshop, 1981. Addendum to appendix. Workshop materials

Description: Materials presented at the workshop are included here: International Petroleum Exchange Model: Nazli Choucri; Gas Research Institute, 1983 Baseline Projection: Daniel A. Dreyfus; Energy Information Administration, Annual Report to Congress, 1981: W. Calvin Kilgore; PILOT Oil Import Demand Scenario Results: George Dantzig; and DRI Energy Review, Summer 1981: Roger Brinner.
Date: June 1, 1982
Creator: Manne, A.S. (ed.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proceedings of the workshop on community energy conservation: United States and Sweden

Description: A two-day workshop for 35 US and Swedish experts on energy conservation and community planning was held to evaluate patterns of energy use in two US and Swedish towns and to recommend to the International Energy Agency a joint research agenda on community energy conservation. The workshop topics included: energy consumption as related to quality of life; energy conservation through local government planning policies; mechanisms for community-wide energy management; effects of building codes on … more
Date: July 1, 1978
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Application of non-thermal plasmas to pollution control. Revision 1

Description: Non-thermal plasma techniques can be used to destroy many types of hazardous molecules. They are particularly efficient when the toxic materials are present in very small concentrations. This paper discusses three particular applications of non-thermal plasmas: (1) decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S), (2) removal of trichloroethylene (TCE), and (3) removal of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}). Emphasis is placed on the energy cost for implementing the decomposition or removal of these pollu… more
Date: June 1, 1993
Creator: Penetrante, B. M.; Vogtlin, G. E.; Bardsley, J. N.; Vitello, P. A. & Wallman, P. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Metallic Membrane Materials Development for Hydrogen Production from Coal Derived Syngas

Description: The goals of Office of Clean Coal are: (1) Improved energy security; (2) Reduced green house gas emissions; (3) High tech job creation; and (4) Reduced energy costs. The goals of the Hydrogen from Coal Program are: (1) Prove the feasibility of a 40% efficient, near zero emissions IGCC plant that uses membrane separation technology and other advanced technologies to reduce the cost of electricity by at least 35%; and (2) Develop H{sub 2} production and processing technologies that will contribut… more
Date: February 26, 2012
Creator: Dogan, O. N.; Howard, B. H. & Alman, D. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling Electric Vehicle Benefits Connected to Smart Grids

Description: Connecting electric storage technologies to smartgrids will have substantial implications in building energy systems. Local storage will enable demand response. Mobile storage devices in electric vehicles (EVs) are in direct competition with conventional stationary sources at the building. EVs will change the financial as well as environmental attractiveness of on-site generation (e.g. PV, or fuel cells). In order to examine the impact of EVs on building energy costs and CO2 emissions in 2020, … more
Date: July 1, 2011
Creator: Stadler, Michael; Marnay, Chris; Mendes, Goncalo; Kloess, Maximillian; Cardoso, Goncalo; Mégel, Olivier et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Meeting Residential Ventilation Standards Through Dynamic Control of Ventilation Systems

Description: Existing ventilation standards, including American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62.2, specify continuous operation of a defined mechanical ventilation system to provide minimum ventilation, with time-based intermittent operation as an option. This requirement ignores several factors and concerns including: other equipment such as household exhaust fans that might incidentally provide ventilation, negative impacts of ventilation when outdoor… more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Sherman, Max H. & Walker, Iain S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Estimating the Cost of Superconducting Magnets and the Refrigerators Needed to Keep Them Cold

Description: The cost of superconducting magnets and the refrigerators needed to keep them cold can be estimated if one knows the magnet stored energy and the amount of refrigeration needed. This report updates the cost data collected over 20 years ago by Strobridge and others. Early cost data has been inflated into 1991 dollars and data on newer superconducting magnets has been added to the old data. The cost of superconducting magnets has been correlated with stored energy and field-magnetic volume produc… more
Date: June 1, 1991
Creator: Green, M. A.; Byrns, R. & St. Lorant, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Assessment of Indoor Air Quality Benefits and Energy Costs of Mechanical Ventilation

Description: Intake of chemical air pollutants in residences represents an important and substantial health hazard. Sealing homes to reduce air infiltration can save space conditioning energy, but can also increase indoor pollutant concentrations. Mechanical ventilation ensures a minimum amount of outdoor airflow that helps reduce concentrations of indoor emitted pollutants while requiring some energy for fan(s) and thermal conditioning of the added airflow. This work demonstrates a physics based, data driv… more
Date: July 1, 2011
Creator: Logue, J. M.; Price, P. N.; Sherman, M. H. & Singer, B. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Green Prison: Santa Rita Jail Creeps Toward Zero Net Energy (ZNE)

Description: In an effort to create broad access to its optimization software, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), in collaboration with the University of California at Davis (UC Davis) and OSISoft, has recently developed a Software as a Service (SaaS) Model for reducing energy costs, cutting peak power demand, and reducing carbon emissions for multipurpose buildings. UC Davis currently collects and stores energy usage data from buildings on its campus. Researchers at LBNL sought to demonstrate th… more
Date: March 18, 2011
Creator: Marnay, Chris; DeForest, Nicholas; Stadler, Michael; Donadee, John; Dierckxsens, Carlos; Mendes, Gonçalo et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Successful Case Study of Small Business Energy Efficiency and Demand Response with Communicating Thermostats

Description: This report documents a field study of 78 small commercial customers in the Sacramento Municipal Utility District service territory who volunteered for an integrated energy-efficiency/demand-response (EE-DR) program in the summer of 2008. The original objective for the pilot was to provide a better understanding of demand response issues in the small commercial sector. Early findings justified a focus on offering small businesses (1) help with the energy efficiency of their buildings in exchang… more
Date: August 12, 2009
Creator: Herter, Karen; Wayland, Seth & Rasin, Josh
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Optimal Technology Investment and Operation in Zero-Net-Energy Buildings with Demand Response

Description: The US Department of Energy has launched the Zero-Net-Energy (ZNE) Commercial Building Initiative (CBI) in order to develop commercial buildings that produce as much energy as they use. Its objective is to make these buildings marketable by 2025 such that they minimize their energy use through cutting-edge energy-efficient technologies and meet their remaining energy needs through on-site renewable energy generation. We examine how such buildings may be implemented within the context of a cost-… more
Date: May 26, 2009
Creator: Stadler, Michael; Siddiqui, Afzal; Marnay, Chris; Aki, Hirohisa & Lai, Judy
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Investigation of key parameters influencing the efficient photocatalytic oxidation of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Description: Photocatalytic oxidation of indoor VOCs has the potential to eliminate pollutants from indoor environments, thus effectively improving and/or maintaining indoor air quality while reducing ventilation energy costs. Design and operation of UV photocatalytic oxidation (UVPCO) air cleaners requires optimization of various parameters to achieve highest pollutant removal efficiencies while avoiding the formation of harmful secondary byproducts and maximizing catalyst lifetime.
Date: June 1, 2008
Creator: Quici, Natalia; Kibanova, Daria; Vera, Maria Laura; Choi, Hyeok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.; Litter, Marta I. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Integrated Building Energy Systems Design Considering Storage Technologies

Description: The addition of storage technologies such as flow batteries, conventional batteries, and heat storage can improve the economic, as well as environmental attraction of micro-generation systems (e.g., PV or fuel cells with or without CHP) and contribute to enhanced demand response. The interactions among PV, solar thermal, and storage systems can be complex, depending on the tariff structure, load profile, etc. In order to examine the impact of storage technologies on demand response and CO2 emis… more
Date: April 7, 2009
Creator: Stadler, Michael; Marnay, Chris; Siddiqui, Afzal; Lai, Judy & Aki, Hirohisa
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Control of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Optimal DER Technology Investment and Energy Management in Zero-Net-Energy Buildings

Description: The U.S. Department of Energy has launched the commercial building initiative (CBI) in pursuit of its research goal of achieving zero-net-energy commercial buildings (ZNEB), i.e. ones that produce as much energy as they use. Its objective is to make these buildings marketable by 2025 such that they minimize their energy use through cutting-edge, energy-efficiency technologies and meet their remaining energy needs through on-site renewable energy generation. This paper examines how such building… more
Date: August 10, 2009
Creator: Stadler, Michael; Siddiqui, Afzal; Marnay, Chris; Aki, Hirohisa & Lai, Judy
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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