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A chemical model for the major electrolyte components of the Hanford waste tanks. The binary electrolytes in the system: Na-NO{sub 3}-NO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}-CO{sub 3}-F-PO{sub 4}-OH-AI(OH){sub 4}-H{sub 2}O

Description: An aqueous thermodynamic model is developed, based on the equations of Pitzer, which accurately model the major binary electrolytes in the Na-NO{sub 3}-NO{sub 2}-SO{sub 4}-CO{sub 3}-F-PO{sub 4}-OH-Al(OH){sub 4}-H{sub 2}O chemical system. This model was developed both from existing data in the literature, and from new osmotic and solubility measurements made as part of this study. Some of the new experimental data developed as part of this study include measurements of osmotic coefficients for N… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Felmy, A. R.; Rustad, J. R.; Mason, M. J. & Bretonne, R. de la
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermodynamics of aqueous electrolytes at high temperatures by the isopiestic technique

Description: Excess thermodynamic properties of a wide variety of aqueous electrolyte solutions at elevated temperatures have been determined with the ORNL high-temperature isopiestic facility. This unique experimental apparatus provides very precise results over the useful temperature range of 110 to 250 C. The isopiestic method is a comparative technique which, in the present case, uses the Pitzer-Peiper-Busey formulation for NaCl(aq) as the reference electrolyte. At elevated temperatures the ion-interact… more
Date: December 31, 1994
Creator: Holmes, H. F. & Mesmer, R. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Toxicity of materials used in the manufacture of lithium batteries

Description: The growing interest in battery systems has led to major advances in high-energy and/or high-power-density lithium batteries. Potential applications for lithium batteries include radio transceivers, portable electronic instrumentation, emergency locator transmitters, night vision devices, human implantable devices, as well as uses in the aerospace and defense programs. With this new technology comes the use of new solvent and electrolyte systems in the research, development, and production of l… more
Date: May 1, 1994
Creator: Archuleta, M. M.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Vapor deposition of thin-film Y-doped ZrO{sub 2} for electrochemical device applications

Description: Solid oxide electrolytes based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) are widely used in applications such as oxygen sensors, solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen pumps, electrocatalytic reactors, and electrochemically driven oxygen separation membranes. However, bulk YSZ is used in these applications. This requires high operating temperatures in order to minimize ohmic loss. One alternative of overcoming this problem is to use a thin film of the electrolyte. In the work, the authors have grown polycrys… more
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: Chung, B. W.; Brosha, E. L.; Brown, D. R. & Garzon, F. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Development of a new plasticizer for poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolyte and the investigation of their ion-pair dissociation effect

Description: One approach to increasing the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte is to add plasticizers to the polymer-salt complexes . Recently, we have synthesized a new plasticizer, modified carbonate (MC3), by attaching three ethylene oxide units to the 4-position of ethylene carbonate. AC impedance studies showed that an ionic conductivity of 5{times}10{sup {minus}5} S cm{sup {minus}1} could be achieved at room temperature, by adding 50 wt % of MC3 into PEO-LiCF{sub 3}SO{sub 3} complex. This is tw… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Yang, X. Q.; Lee, H. S.; Hanson, L. L.; McBreen, J. & Okamoto, Y.
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Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A new family of anion receptors and their effects on ion pair dissociation and conductivity of lithium salts in non-aqueous solutions

Description: A new family of anion receptors based on aza-ether compounds have been synthesized. Since the anion complexation of these compounds is not based on either positively charged sites or hydrogen bonding, they have a potential to be used in lithium batteries as electrolyte additives. When these compounds are added into nonaqueous electrolytes using lithium salts, such as LiCl/BF or LiBr/THF, the ionic conductivity can be dramatically increased. Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NF-XAFS) sp… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Lee, H. S.; Yang, X. Q.; McBreen, J. & Okamoto, Y.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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IGR NO{sub x}/SO{sub x} control technology. Quarterly report January 1, 1995--February 28, 1995

Description: During the first quarter of 1994, work was concentrated on improving the power efficiency of the IGR NOx/SOx control technology. IGR continued to work on its electrocatalyst materials to improve the electrical efficiency required for economical NOx/SOx destruction. In addition IGR continued to modify the electrocatalyst/electrolyte interface with the goal of improving selectivity and current efficiency. Specifically, work concentrated on changing the solid state defect concentration in the soli… more
Date: January 1, 1994
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Hydrogen-ion titrations of amino acids and proteins in solutions containing concentrated electrolyte

Description: This report describes a first attempt to quantify the net charge as a function of solution pH for lysozyme and {alpha}-chymotrypsin at 0.1 M, 1.0 M and 3.0 M ionic strength, (IS). The calculations are based on the residue (titratable group) pK{sub a}`s in the amino-acid sequence of the protein. To determine these pK{sub a}`s, a simple theory was used which assumes that the pK{sub a}`s are independent from each other in the protein and are equal to their pK{sub a} values in free amino-acid solut… more
Date: December 1, 1994
Creator: Fergg, F.; Kuehner, D. E.; Blanch, H. W. & Prausnitz, J. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solid State Division progress report for period ending September 30, 1993

Description: This report covers research progress in the Solid State Division from April 1, 1992, to September 30, 1993. During this period, the division conducted a broad, interdisciplinary materials research program with emphasis on theoretical solid state physics, neutron scattering, synthesis and characterization of materials, ion beam and laser processing, and the structure of solids and surfaces. This research effort was enhanced by new capabilities in atomic-scale materials characterization, new emph… more
Date: August 1, 1994
Creator: Green, P. H. & Hinton, L. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Waste removal in pyrochemical fuel processing for the Integral Fast Reactor

Description: Electrorefining in a molten salt electrolyte is used in the Integral Fast Reactor fuel cycle to recover actinides from spent fuel. Processes that are being developed for removing the waste constituents from the electrorefiner and incorporating them into the waste forms are described in this paper. During processing, halogen, chalcogen, alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth fission products build up in the molten salt as metal halides and anions, and fuel cladding hulls and noble metal fission … more
Date: January 1, 1994
Creator: Ackerman, J. P.; Johnson, T. R. & Laidler, J. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrolyte effects in Li(Si)/FeS{sub 2} thermal batteries

Description: The most common electrochemical couple for thermally activated (``thermal``) batteries is the Li-alloy/FeS{sub 2} system. The most common Li-alloys used for anodes are 20% Li-80% Al and 44% Li-56% Si (by weight); liquid Li immobilized with iron powder has also been used. The standard electrolyte that has been used in thermal batteries over the years is the LiCl-KCl eutectic that melts at 352{degrees}C. The LiCl-LiBr-LiF eutectic had the best rate and power characteristics. This electrolyte melt… more
Date: October 1, 1994
Creator: Guidotti, R. A. & Reinhardt, F. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Neutron scattering from amorphous, disordered and nanocrystalline materials

Description: The author has described the power of neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering techniques for determining the structure and dynamics of disordered systems, using the archetypal glass SiO{sub 2} as a detailed example. Of course the field of amorphous and disordered systems contains a much greater variety of types of materials exhibiting a wide range of possible types of disorder. The author gives a brief review of the varieties of order and disorder exhibited by condensed matter.
Date: October 1, 1994
Creator: Price, D.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Polymeric electrolytes for ambient temperature lithium batteries. Final report

Description: Samples of a plasticized Li{sup +} polymer electrolyte having high conductivity at room temperature were prepared with mixed plasticizer compositions of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC). The influence of EC:PC in varying proportions with 1M LiAsF{sub 6} as the dissolved salt on the chemical and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte was studied. Electrolytes with mixed EC:PC compositions were found to have greater thermal stability, improved lithium and cathode (V{sub… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Farrington, G.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of Polyelectrolytes for Los Alamos National Laboratory. Final Report

Description: To assess the safety of a potential radioactive waste repository, analysis of the fluid solution containing low levels of activity need to be performed. In some cases, the radioactivity would be so weak (3--30 pCi/L) that the solution must be concentrated for measurement. For this purpose, Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists are synthesizing some water soluble polyelectrolytes, which, because they are strong complexing agents for inorganic cations, can concentrate the radioelements in sol… more
Date: November 1, 1994
Creator: Labonne, N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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