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in subjects: "Distance"

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Neutron scattering from solutions: the hydration of lanthanide and actinide ions

The neutron scattering difference method is described and applied to investigations of the aqua rare-earth ions, Nd/sup 3 +/ and Dy/sup 3 +/. Metal-water distances and hydration numbers have been unambiguously determined for these ions' inner coordination spheres. The values of the hydration number, n, of 8.5 +- 0.2 for Nd/sup 3 +/ and 7.4 +- 0.5 for Dy/sup 3 +/, directly support the claim of Spedding et al. that n decreases by one unit across the lanthanide series. The possible application of … more

Date: January 1, 1985

Creator: Hahn, R.L.; Narten, A.H. & Annis, B.K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Problem of long-range forces in the computer simulation of condensed media

Simulation (both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamical) has become a powerful tool in the study of classical systems of particles interacting with short-range pair potentials. For systems involving long-range forces (e.g., Coulombic, dipolar, hydrodynamic) it is a different story. Relating infinite-system properties to the results of computer simulation involving relatively small numbers of particles, periodically replicated, raises difficult and challenging problems. The purpose of the workshop … more

Date: July 1, 1980

Creator: Ceperely, D. (ed.)

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 2. Industry description

The United States railroad industry plays a key role in transporting materials to support our industrial economy. One of the oldest industries in the US, the railroads have developed over 150 years into their present physical and operational configuration. Energy conservation proposals to change industry facilities, equipment, or operating practices must be evaluated in terms of their cost impact. A current, comprehensive and accurate data baseline of railroad economic activity and energy consu… more

Date: August 1979

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fuel conservation opportunities through changes in mode of freight transportation. Final report

The study identifies opportunities for and barriers to increased use of railroads to promote fuel conservation. Transportation officials were interviewed from 9 companies in the processed food, metals, chemicals, and transportation vehicle industries. These industry personnel identified unreliable delivery times and equipment shortages as the key issues in their decision not to use the railroads. A range of actions that railroad management could take to improve transit time reliability is ident… more

Date: June 1, 1979

Creator: Corbett, R. M. & Moon, A. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluation of a modified Gaussian plume model for travel distances 25 to 150 KM

Gaussian plume model was developed and evaluated using observed Kr-85 air concentration data. The main features of the model include: segmented plumes and displaced effective source terms; reflective upper and lower boundaries; and formulations describing the effects of time-varying mixing height. The model was evaluated in terms of goodness factor, root mean square error, percentage of hits, and percentage of observed and calculated concentrations within a factor of 2 and 10. The test results … more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Huang, J.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Exclusive processes and hadron dynamics at short distances

The predictions of perturbative QCD for a number of areas of hadron dynamics are discussed, including exclusive processes at large momentum transfer, the endpoint behavior of hadronic structure functions, and the Fock state structure of hadron wave functions, especially their behavior at short distances. New results for exclusive two-photon processes, the normalization of high-twist contributions to the meson structure function, and the calculation of the valence Fock state probability of the p… more

Date: September 1, 1980

Creator: Brodsky, S.J. & Lepage, G.P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Vehicle-miles of travel statistics, lifetime vehicle-miles of travel, and current state methods of estimating vehicle-miles of travel

This comprehensive review of current statistics on vehicle-miles of travel (VMT) in the United States identifies and evaluates sources of national VMT data for highway, rail, and air travel. From available information, VMT statistics by form of travel have been compiled for 1974. Vehicle lifetime VMT is estimated separately for passenger cars and trucks. A survey of state practices in estimating VMT shows that states use one of three methods: (1) the fuel consumption method, (2) the traffic cou… more

Date: February 1, 1979

Creator: Greene, D. L. & Loebl, A. S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Comments concerning the crystal structure of B/sub 4/C

The crystal structure of B/sub 4/C at approx.20 atom% carbon is reported. The space group is R 3m, hexagonal cell lattice constants are a=5.6039(4)A, c=12.0786(14)A, v=109.50A/sup 3/, Z=3, ..mu..(MoK..cap alpha..)=0.05 mm/sup -1/. The excess carbon above the stoichiometric composition of B/sub 13/C/sub 2/ replaces up to 1/6 of the boron in the rhombohedral boron site (B2). The results this refinement are reported and compared with earlier results reported on lower carbon samples. Evidence is th… more

Date: January 1, 1985

Creator: Larson, A.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Formation of Contact and Very Close Binaries

We explore the possibility that all close binaries, i.e. those with periods {approx}< 3 d, including contact (W UMa) binaries, are produced from initially wider binaries (periods of say 10's of days) by the action of a triple companion through the medium of Kozai Cycles with Tidal Friction (KCTF).

Date: August 10, 2007

Creator: Kisseleva-Eggleton, L & Eggleton, P P

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Comparison of Meteorological Measurements from Sparse and Dense Surface Observation Networks in the U.S. Southern Great Plains

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity across Kansas (KS) and Oklahoma (OK) for sparse and dense networks by comparing data from (1) the Surface Meteorological Observing System (SMOS) installations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM; Peppler et al. 2008) Program’s Southern Great Plains site and (2) the Oklahoma Mesonet (OKM; McPherson et al. 2007). Given the wealth of observations available from these networks, … more

Date: February 28, 2008

Creator: Monroe, J. W.; Ritsche, M. T.; Franklin, M. & Kehoe, K. E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Market and Energy Demand Analysis of a US Maglev System

High-speed magnetically levitated (maglev) vehicles can provide an alternative mode of transportation for intercity travel, particularly for short- and medium-distance trips between 100 to 600 mi (160 and 960 km). The patterns of growth and the underlying factors affecting that growth In the year 2010 are evaluated to determine the magnitude of US Intercity travel that would become the basis for maglev demand. A methodology that is sensitive to the travelers' socioeconomic attributes was develo… more

Date: January 1, 1993

Creator: Vyas, A. D. & Rote, D. M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Petite unification: an alternative viewpoint

It is assumed that at some distance scale, not too many orders of magnitude less than the compton wavelength of intermediate bosons W/sup + -/ and Z/sup 0/, the SU(3)/sub c/ x SU(2)/sub L/ x U(1)/sub Y/ gauge theory, characterized by three coupling constants, becomes embedded in a gauge theory G/sub S/ x G/sub W/ characterized by only two coupling constants, g/sub S/ and g/sub W/. The strong group G/sub S/ and weak group G/sub W/ are assumed each to be either simple or pseudo-simple i.e. a dire… more

Date: May 1, 1981

Creator: Hung, P.Q.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Rates, distances, and energy control of electron tunneling reactions in rigid media

Electron tunneling leads to transfer of trapped positive, or negative charge tens of angstroms in rigid matrices. Franck-Condon effects give energy specificity to charge transfer and ion recombination, and adds sensitivity to molecular structure, solvation and H/D isotope effects. The specificity is important in photosynthesis and solar energy storage as well as in radiation chemistry. We feel that the question of hopping vs. tunneling is definitely settled in favor of tunneling for intermolecu… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Miller, John R. & Beitz, James V.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Solar wind stream evolution

Highlights of the recent progress in understanding the problem of high speed stream evolution with increasing heliocentric distance are reviewed. Crucial to this understanding are the measurements made in the inner solar system by Helios and the outer solar system by Pioneers 10 and 11. When coupled with observations at 1 AU these measurements allow a testing of current theoretical models of stream evolution. 21 references.

Date: January 1, 1978

Creator: Gosling, J.T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Algorithmic generation of railroad and highway routes

A minimum-time algorithm can be used to generate realistic highway routes between specific origins and destinations. Minimizing distances on links will not produce realistic railroad routes if links bear any resemblance to physical trackage. There are also multiple routes between two points since each carrier has its own philosophy. This paper outlines a systematic method of preparing information such that a computer algorithm can generate realistic routes for single- or multiple-carrier moveme… more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Low, J. T.; Bushnell, R. C.; Shannon, R.; Borsos, R.; Graham, J. & Sherry, R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Workload induced spatio-temporal distortions and safety of flight

A theoretical analysis of the relationship between cognitive complexity and the perception of time and distance is presented and experimentally verified. Complex tasks produce high rates of mental representation which affect the subjective sense of duration and, through the subjective time scale, the percept of distance derived from dynamic visual cues (i.e., visual cues requiring rate integration). The analysis of the interrelationship of subjective time and subjective distance yields the pred… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Barrett, C. L.; Weisgerber, S. A. & Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA (USA))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Quasi-molecular processes in dense plasmas

Quasi-molecular phenomena occur in dense plasmas when the interatomic spacing is comparable to the characteristic wavelength of the electrons. If the electronic states are bound, covalent orbitals arise with different excitation energies, radiative rates, and collisional rates than for isolated ions. For continuum electrons, charge localization near transient clusters of nuclei can influence many scattering and transport processes. We identify several novel consequences of quasi-molecular pheno… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Younger, S.M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Quantum chromodynamics and the dynamics of hadrons. [Review, bound state, perturbation theory]

The application of perturbative quantum chromodynamics to the dynamics of hadrons at short distance is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of the hadronic bound state. A number of new applications are discussed, including the modification to QCD scaling violations in structure functions due to hadronic binding; a discussion of coherence and binding corrections to the gluon and sea-quark distributions; QCD radiative corrections to dimensional counting rules for exclusive processes and… more

Date: March 1, 1979

Creator: Brodsky, Stanley J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Heavy quark--antiquark bound states in the framework of quantum chromodynamics. [First-order running coupling constant, static limit, tachyon pole, renormalization mass, extrapolation radius]

Based on the first order running coupling constant ..cap alpha../sub ..lambda../(q/sup 2/) a quark-antiquark potential is derived in the static limit. The tachyon pole in ..cap alpha../sub ..lambda../(q/sup 2/) leads to a partially confining potential, while the smooth remainder gives rise to a Coulomb like interaction. Linear confinement is imposed by extrapolating the confining potential linearly for distances r > r/sub 0/. Thus, aside from the quark masses, m/sub c/ and m/sub b/, the mode… more

Date: June 1, 1979

Creator: Viollier, R D & Rafelski, J

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Calculation of radiation dose rates from a spent nuclear fuel shipping cask

Radiation doses from a spent nuclear fuel cask are usually from various phases of operations during handling, shipping, and storage of the casks. Assessment of such doses requires knowledge of external radiation dose rates at various locations surrounding a cask. Under current practices, dose rates from gamma photons are usually estimated by means of point- or line-source approaches incorporating the conventional buildup factors. Although such simplified approaches may at times be easy to use, … more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Chen, S. Y. & Yuan, Y. C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Measurement of the distributions of internuclear separations in 3. 0-MeV H/sub 2//sup +/ and 3. 63-MeV HeH/sup +/ beams

Angular distributions of charged dissociation fragments are measured for 3.0-MeV H/sub 2//sup +/ and 3.63-MeV HeH/sup +/ ions incident on approx. 160 A carbon targets. By using the reflection method for a pure Coulomb potential, there are unfolded from these data the distributions of internuclear separations for each molecular-ion species prior to dissociation. These results are insensitive to ion-source conditions. For H/sub 2//sup +/ this distribution, while approx. 2 times wider than a pure … more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Kanter, E P; Cooney, P J; Gemmell, D S; Vager, Z; Pietsch, W J & Zabransky, B J

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Heavy quark jets

The present understanding of heavy quark fragmentation is reviewed, and the expected behaviors of heavy quark jets is discussed. Included are short-distance versus long-distance parts of fragmentation, fragmentation dynamics at long distances, universal hadronization in rapidity plot, the heavy quark as a sizzling fireball, quantum chromodynamics ladder summation in the region of K/sub T/ < ..lambda.., and the relevance or irrelevance to super high energy experiment. 6 references. (JFP)

Date: November 12, 1979

Creator: Suzuki, M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Cluster effects on charge state distributions for heavy ion molecular beams

The charge-state distributions of ions emerging from carbon foils were compared for equal velocity monoatomic negative ions incident on the foil. Such comparisons were performed for O/sub 2//sup -/ vs O/sup -/ and for C/sub 3//sup -/ vs C/sup -/ and C/sub 4//sup -/ vs C/sup -/. Measured charge state distributions are shown for carbon and oxygen respectively and how the observed effect varies with foil thickness for the oxygen case. In all cases, the distribution is shifted toward lower average … more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Thieberger, P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Comprehensive study of drift from mechanical draft cooling towers

A comprehensive experiment to study drift from mechanical draft cooling towers was conducted. The data from this study are to be used for drift deposition model validation. Results show the effects of tower geometry and orientation with respect to the wind and to single or two tower operation. The effect of relative humidity on droplet evaporation as a function of downwind distance can also be seen.

Date: February 1, 1979

Creator: Laulainen, N. S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department