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in subjects: "Crystalline Silicon"

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Proceedings of the Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules, Materials and Processes: 2008

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 18th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, held in Vail, CO, August 3-6, 2008. This meeting provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The theme of this year's meeting was 'New Directions for Rapidly Growing Silicon Technologies.'

Date: September 1, 2008

Creator: Sopori, B. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

DOE Fundamental and Exploratory Research Program in Photovoltaics: Preprint

Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: Overview of the Fundamental and Exploratory Research project with the DOE Basic Sciences program and the National Center for Photovoltaics. This paper presents an overview of the Fundamental and Exploratory Research project within the U.S. Department of Energy's National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV). The idea behind the project is to identify, support, evaluate and coordinate an optimal spectrum of complementary projects that either contribu… more

Date: October 1, 2001

Creator: Matson, R.; McConnell, R. & Eddy, F. P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

12th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes: Summary Discussion Sessions

This report is a summary of the discussion sessions of the 12th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Processes. The theme of the workshop was"Fundamental R&D in c-Si: Enabling Progress in Solar-Electric Technology." This theme was chosen to reflect a concern that the current expansion in the PV energy production may redirect basic research efforts to production-oriented issues. The PV industry is installing added production capacity and new production lines that include the latest te… more

Date: February 1, 2003

Creator: Sopori, B.; Swanson, D.; Sinton, R. & Tan, T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Status of Amorphous and Crystalline Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Activities

This paper reviews the recent activities and accomplishments of the national Amorphous Silicon Team and a (crystalline) thin-film-Si subteam that was implemented in 2002 to research solar cell devices based on thin crystalline Si based layers. This paper reports the evolution of team organization, the technical highlights from the recent team meetings, and an outlook on commercialization potential.

Date: May 1, 2003

Creator: von Roedern, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Commercial Status of the PV Industry in 2004 -- Identifying Important and Unimportant Factors: Preprint

This paper reviews the current status of the commercial PV Industry. It assesses the current status of commercially available modules, most of which use silicon wafers or ribbons. My analysis will show that the choice of Si wafers or substrates, once deemed to be the most important aspect, ended up making only negligible differences for commercial products, as long as cells are prepared by diffusion and screen printing. I will also address the prospects and requirements for both next generation… more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: von Roedern, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Chlorine Free Technology for Solar-Grade Silicon Manufacturing: Preprint

Due to the development of the solar energy industry, a significant increase of polysilicon feedstock (PSF) production will be required in near future. The creation of special technology of solar grade polysilicon feedstock production is an important problem. Today, semiconductor-grade polysilicon is mainly manufactured using the trichlorosilane (SiHCl3) distillation and reduction. The feed-stock for trichlorosilane is metallurgical-grade silicon, the product of reduction of natural quartzite (s… more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Strebkov, D. S.; Pinov, A. P.; Zadde, V. V.; Lebedev, E. N.; Belov, E. P.; Efimov, N. K. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

In-Situ Measurement of Crystalline Silicon Modules Undergoing Potential-Induced Degradation in Damp Heat Stress Testing for Estimation of Low-Light Power Performance

The extent of potential-induced degradation of crystalline silicon modules in an environmental chamber is estimated using in-situ dark I-V measurements and applying superposition analysis. The dark I-V curves are shown to correctly give the module power performance at 200, 600 and 1,000 W/m2 irradiance conditions, as verified with a solar simulator. The onset of degradation measured in low light in relation to that under one sun irradiance can be clearly seen in the module design examined; the … more

Date: August 1, 2013

Creator: Hacke, P.; Terwilliger, K. & Kurtz, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Understanding Light-Induced Degradation of c-Si Solar Cells: Preprint

We discuss results of our investigations toward understanding bulk and surface components of light-induced degradation (LID) in low-Fe c-Si solar cells. The bulk effects, arising from boron-oxygen defects, are determined by comparing degradation of cell parameters and their thermal recovery, with that of the minority-carrier lifetime (964;) in sister wafers. We found that the recovery of 964; in wafers takes a much longer annealing time compared to that of the cell. We also show that cells havi… more

Date: June 1, 2012

Creator: Sopori, B.; Basnyat, P.; Devayajanam, S.; Shet, S.; Mehta, V.; Binns, J. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Award-Winning Etching Process Cuts Solar Cell Costs (Revised) (Fact Sheet)

The NREL "black silicon" nanocatalytic wet-chemical etch is an inexpensive, one-step method to minimize reflections from crystalline silicon solar cells. The technology enables high-efficiency solar cells without the use of expensive antireflection coatings.

Date: May 1, 2011

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Influence of Impurities in Module Packaging on Potential-Induced Degradation

Chemical compounds were added into crystalline silicon cell mini modules, including in the encapsulant, interfaces, and glass, to determine their effect on potential-induced degradation (PID). Fe, either in the glass or at the glass/encapsulant interface, was found to be correlated with increased PID, but the difference in module power loss was not statistically significant compared to controls. Additions of Cu, Cr, Pb, Sn, Ag, and Na compounds to either the encapsulant or at the glass/encapsul… more

Date: September 1, 2012

Creator: Hacke, P.; Glick, S.; Johnston, S.; Reedy, R.; Pankow, J.; Terwilliger, K. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Proceedings of the Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules, Materials and Processes: 2007

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 17th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, held in Vail, CO, August 5-8, 2007. This meeting provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The theme of this year's meeting was 'Expanding Technology for a Future Powered by Si Photovoltaics.'

Date: August 2007

Creator: Sopori, B. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Program, Extended Abstracts, and Papers

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes held August 6-9, 2006 in Denver, Colorado. The workshop addressed the fundamental properties of PV-Si, new solar cell designs, and advanced solar cell processing techniques. It provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The Worksh… more

Date: August 1, 2006

Creator: Sopori, B. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Two-Dimensional Simulations of Thin-Silicon Solar Cells

Quantitative analysis or numeric simulation on a cross-section of silicon devices offers many insights into understanding material problems and their effects on device performances as well as device structure optimizations. Such two-dimensional simulations on semiconductor devices are standard design practices and are routinely done with expensive software packages. The availability of less expensive software tools nowadays, such as MicroTec(R) for 2D modeling of semiconductor devices, affords … more

Date: August 1, 2002

Creator: Wang, T. H.; Page, M. R. & Ciszek, T. F.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Wafer and Solar Cell Characterization by GT-PVSCAN6000

The PVSCAN is an instrument designed to characterize silicon solar cell materials and devices. It performs a host of measurements that yield spatial maps of dislocation density, grain distribution, reflectance, and photoresponses from near-junction and the bulk of a solar cell.

Date: August 1, 2002

Creator: Sopori, B.; Madjdpour, J.; Auriemma, C.; Mathei, K.; Nakano, K. & Mortiz, H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

Reliability Issues for Photovoltaic Modules

Si modules good in field; new designs need reliability testing. CdTe & CIGS modules sensitive to moisture; carefully seal. CPV in product development stage; benefits from expertise in other industries.

Date: October 1, 2009

Creator: Kurtz, S.

Item Type: Presentation

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Test-to-Failure of Crystalline Silicon Modules: Preprint

Accelerated lifetime testing of five crystalline silicon module designs was carried out according to the Terrestrial Photovoltaic Module Accelerated Test-to-Failure Protocol. This protocol compares the reliability of various module constructions on a quantitative basis. The modules under test are subdivided into three accelerated lifetime testing paths: 85..deg..C/85% relative humidity with system bias, thermal cycling between ?40..deg..C and 85..deg..C, and a path that alternates between damp … more

Date: October 1, 2010

Creator: Hacke, P.; Terwilliger, K.; Glick, S.; Trudell, D.; Bosco, N.; Johnston, S. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

15th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Extended Abstracts and Papers

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 15th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, held in Vail, CO, August 7-10, 2005. This meeting provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The workshop addressed the fundamental properties of PV silicon, new solar cell designs, and advanced solar cell processing techniques. A … more

Date: November 1, 2005

Creator: Sopori, B. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Review and Understanding of Screen-Printed Contacts and Selective-Emitter Formation: Preprint

A comparison of the loss mechanisms in screen-printed solar cells relative to buried contact cells and cells with photolithography-defined contacts is presented in this paper. Model calculations show that emitter recombination accounts for about 0.5% absolute efficiency loss in conventional screen-printed cells with low-sheet-resistance emitters. Ohmic contact to high-sheet-resistance emitters by screen-printing has been investigated to regain this efficiency loss. Our work shows that good qual… more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Hilali, M. M.; Rohatgi, A. & To, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Dependence of Precipitation Behavior of Cu and Ni in CZ Multicrystalline Silicon on Cooling Conditions: Preprint

The objective of this study was to investigate the size, chemical state, and spatial distribution of metal clusters formed in substantially different cooling conditions of the samples. All samples were scratched on the back with Fe, Cu, and Ni wires and annealed at 1200 C for 2.5 hours in forming gas (N2+5% H2 ambient).

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Istratov, A. A.; Buonassisi, T.; Marcus, M. A.; Ciszek, T. F. & Weber, E. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Distribution and Chemical State of Cu-rich Clusters in Silicon: Preprint

the chemical state and distribution of Cu-rich clusters were determined in four different silicon-based materials with varying contamination pathways and degrees of oxygen concentration, including as-grown multicrystalline silicon. In all four samples, Cu3Si was the only chemical state observed. Cu3Si clusters were observed at structural defects within all four materials; XBIC measurements revealed that the presence of Cu3Si corresponds to increased recombination activity. Oxidized Cu compounds… more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Buonassisi, T.; Marcus, M. A.; Istratov, A. A.; Heuer, M.; Ciszek, T. F.; Lai, B. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Leapfrogging the Barriers; Preprint

Silicon solar cell technology has greatly advanced in the last three decades--from merely concepts to a full-fledged industry. The performances of commercial cells and modules are now at levels that would have been very difficult to imagine just a few years back. At the same time, PV energy sales are expected reach 1 GW/yr in the near future, and there has been a rapid drop in the selling-price of PV modules. This is indeed astounding progress. However, this path has not been easy or free from … more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Sopori, B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Economic Analysis of Photovoltaics Versus Traditional Energy Sources: Where Are We Now and Where Might We Be in the Near Future?; Preprint

A precipitous drop in the price of the crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic (PV) modules typically employed for residential applications has recently been observed: The typical sales price for modules was around $4/WP DC in 2008 but could easily approach $1.50/W WP DC by the end of this year. As module price declines continue, and as gains are also realized in balance-of-system costs, the economics of PV systems for power generation become increasingly competitive. In this presentation, we wi… more

Date: July 1, 2011

Creator: Woodhouse, M.; James, T.; Margolis, R.; Feldman, D.; Merkel, T. & Goodrich, A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Detailed Characterization of AR Coatings on Si Solar Cells: A New Application of GT-FabScan 6000; Preprint

We have developed a new application of GT-FabScan for rapid mapping of AR coatings on Si solar cells. The system generates an image of the AR thickness and presents it in a color format using false colors. This measurement is made in less than 100 ms. The development of this application enables the system to generate thickness maps of the AR coating to determine the repeatability of the deposition system, as well as to ensure that downstream processing can be controlled. These data can also be … more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Sopori, B.; Butterfield, B. & Amieva, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Stress-Induced Nitrogen and Oxygen Segregation and Complexing Investigated by High Resolution Synchrotron FTIR: Preprint

Nitrogen doped Czochralski (N-CZ) and Float Zone (N-FZ) silicon were measured by high resolution synchrotron Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy (HR-FTIR). The chemical complexes were analyzed in specific regions with known extended defects, i.e., denuded or precipitated regions of annealed N-CZ Si wafers, in N-FZ Si with ring defects and on ''N-Skin'' region. The absorption lines were assigned to chemical complexes previously studied by first principles calculations. In annealed N-CZ Si wafers, … more

Date: August 1, 2004

Creator: Karoui, A.; Buonassisi, T.; Sahtout Karoui, F.; Rozgonyi, G. A.; Michael, M.; Weber, E. R. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department