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in subjects: "Climatic Change"

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International research into chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternatives

Selected researchers from 21 countries were queried through questionnaires about their current and planned research activities. The results of the survey show that the majority of research being conducted by the respondents is devoted to investigating the hydrogenated fluorocarbon HFC-134a as a replacement for CFC-12 in refrigeration applications. The main issue with this alternative is identifying compatible lubricants that do not reduce its effectiveness.

Date: May 1, 1992

Creator: Marseille, T. J.; Shankle, D. L. & Thurman, A. G.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The quest for greenhouse-constrained technologies amid other concerns for environment and energy

As we approach the 21st century, sentiments run high in the US for improved air quality in our cities and for a more secure energy future, hopefully to be manifest in lesser dependence on foreign supplies of oil. These sentiments are reflected in intense political activity on both the federal and state levels to enact legislation that will help alleviate both problems. At the same time though, the recent emergence of awareness of a threat of global warming due to ever increasing emissions of gr… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: McGill, R.N.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Mass and energy budgets of animals: Behavioral and ecological implications

The two major aims of our lab are as follows: First, to develop and field-test general mechanistic models that predict animal life history characteristics as influenced by climate and the physical, physiological behavioral characteristics of species. This involves: understanding how animal time and energy budgets are affected by climate and animal properties; predicting growth and reproductive potential from time and energy budgets; predicting mortality based on climate and time and energy budg… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: Porter, W.P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Aquatic species project report: FY 1991

This report summarizes the progress and research accomplishments of the Aquatic Species Project, which is managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the US Department of Energy. The project is focused on applying genetic engineering techniques to enhance the lipid, or oil, production of microalgae. Those lipids can be extracted and processed into high-energy liquid fuels such as diesel. Because microalgae require carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse'' gas, as a nutrient, project rese… more

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Brown, L.M. (National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)) & Sprague, S. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Atmospheric radiation measurement: A program for improving radiative forcing and feedback in general circulation models

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is a key element of the Department of Energy's (DOE's) global change research strategy. ARM represents a long-term commitment to conduct comprehensive studies of the spectral atmospheric radiative energy balance profile for a wide range of cloud conditions and surface types, and to develop the knowledge necessary to improve parameterizations of radiative processes under various cloud regimes for use in general circulation models (GCMs) and rel… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Patrinos, A.A. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)); Renne, D.S.; Stokes, G.M. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Ellingson, R.G. (Maryland Univ., College Park, MD (United States))

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Analysis of general circulation model results and comparison with regional climatic data, Task 3

On time scales of greater than one year the variability of weather and climate on a large path of the Earth is dominated by the Southern Oscillation. While current theories of this phenomenon have clarified the role of the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere in maintaining this oscillation it has so far been unclear whether the Southern Oscillation originates in the ocean, in the atmosphere or during the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere. In this study we compared si… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Cess, R.D. & Hameed, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

ARM tropical pacific experiment (ATPEX): Role of cloud, water vapor and convection feedbacks in the coupled ocean/atmosphere system

We have initiated studies that include radiation model validation, improved treatment of the three-dimensional structure of cloud-radiation interactions, and sensitivity runs that will unravel the role of cloud-convection-radiation interactions in the Pacific Sear Surface Temperatures and the overlying Walker and Hadley circulation. The research program is divided into three phases: (1) radiation, (2) cloud parameterization issues; (3) feedback and ocean-atmosphere interactions.

Date: March 5, 1992

Creator: Ramanathan, V. & Barnett, T.P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Emissions of greenhouse gases from the use of transportation fuels and electricity

This report presents estimates of full fuel-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases from using transportation fuels and electricity. The data cover emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides, and nonmethane organic compounds resulting from the end use of fuels, compression or liquefaction of gaseous transportation fuels, fuel distribution, fuel production, feedstock transport, feedstock recovery, manufacture of motor vehicles, maintenance of tr… more

Date: November 1, 1991

Creator: DeLuchi, M.A. (California Univ., Davis, CA (United States))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review: Volume 24, Nos. 3 and 4, 1991

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a multiprogram, multipurpose laboratory that conducts research in the physical, chemical, and life sciences; in fusion, fission, and fossil energy; and in energy conservation and other energy-related technologies. This review contains articles on chemical extraction techniques, electron transport in gases and liquids, diamond films, the contribution of fossil fuels to the greenhouse effect, various sensors for safety applications, and temperature measurem… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Krause, C. (ed.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Estimated increases in the cost of electricity under three acid-rain control bills

Several bills were introduced in the past two Congresses to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from electric power plants. The effects of these bills on electricity costs depend on features of the bills, on the mix of generating capacity owned by different electric utilities, on the technologies available for complying with the legislation, and on the time horizon used to calculate the costs. A system of computer software has been developed to make utility-specific estimates… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Hillsman, E .L. & Alvic, D. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The design, results and future development of the National Energy Strategy Environmental Analysis Model (NESEAM)

The National Energy Strategy Environmental Model (NESEAM) has been developed to project emissions for the National Energy Strategy (NES). Two scenarios were evaluated for the NES, a Current Policy Base Case and a NES Action Case. The results from the NES Actions Case project much lower emissions than the Current Policy Base Case. Future enhancements to NESEAM will focus on fuel cycle analysis, including future technologies and additional pollutants to model. NESEAM's flexibility will allow it t… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Fisher, R.E.; Boyd, G.A. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)) & Breed, W.S. (USDOE Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety, and Health, Washington, DC (United States). Office of Environmental Analysis)

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Regional analysis of S emission-deposition trends in North America from 1979 through 1988

Variations in SO{sub x} emissions weighted by a regional deposition model are shown to account for most of the variance in regionally averaged annual wet deposition (WD) and precipitation-weighted concentrations (PWCs) of sulfate in the United States and Canada during the period 1979--1988. Total emissions decreased about 15% during that time. For all sites combined, weighted emissions accounted for about two-thirds of the variance, with slightly better performance for PWC than for WD. Restrict… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Shannon, J.D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Environmental issues in planning building energy technologies R D in the United States

The US Department of Energy's Office of Building Technologies (OBT) has begun studies on the relationship and impact of buildings energy use on the environment, particularly with respect to global climate change, acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and indoor air quality. The paper presents an overview of international and US federal activity in global change to set OBT's activities in context. The paper then reviews briefly the contribution of buildings to atmospheric problems through bu… more

Date: August 1, 1991

Creator: Farhar, B.C. (Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (United States)); Abel, F.H. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)); Nicholls, A.K. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Millhone, J.P. (USDOE Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Renewable Energy, Washington, DC (United States). Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Building Technologies)

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Climate Change Technology R&D Portfolio Decision Making Under Uncertainty

In this project we have completed, or are in the process of, collecting and analyzing information on seven energy technologies – solar photovoltaics, nuclear power, carbon capture and storage, electricity from biomass, liquid bio-fuels, and batteries – in regards to their potential impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. We have collected expert elicitations, relating U.S. government funding trajectories to probabilities of success. We then used MiniCAM, a technologically-detailed Integrat… more

Date: November 17, 2008

Creator: Baker, E.; Keisler, J. & Chon, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Technologies and Policies to Improve Energy Efficiency in Industry

The industrial sector consumes nearly 40% of annual global primary energy use and is responsible for a similar share of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Many studies and actual experience indicate that there is considerable potential to reduce the amount of energy used to manufacture most commodities, concurrently reducing CO2 emissions. With the support of strong policies and programs, energy-efficient technologies and measures can be implemented that will reduce global CO… more

Date: March 1, 2008

Creator: Price, Lynn & Price, Lynn

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Impact of Carbon Control on Low-Income Household Electricity and Gasoline Expenditures

In July of 2007 The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Energy Information Administration (EIA) released its impact analysis of 'The Climate Stewardship And Innovation Act of 2007,' known as S.280. This legislation, cosponsored by Senators Joseph Lieberman and John McCain, was designed to significantly cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions over time through a 'cap-and-trade' system, briefly described below, that would gradually but extensively reduce such emissions over many decades. S.280 is one of sev… more

Date: June 1, 2008

Creator: Eisenberg, Joel Fred

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Observation of CH4 and other Non-CO2 Green House Gas Emissions from California

In 2006, California passed the landmark assembly bill AB-32 to reduce California's emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that contribute to global climate change. AB-32 commits California to reduce total GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, a reduction of 25 percent from current levels. To verify that GHG emission reductions are actually taking place, it will be necessary to measure emissions. We describe atmospheric inverse model estimates of GHG emissions obtained from the California Greenhou… more

Date: January 9, 2009

Creator: Fischer, Marc L.; Zhao, Chuanfeng; Riley, William J. & Andrews, Arlyn C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility Operations Quarterly Report October 1–December 31, 2009

Individual raw datastreams from instrumentation at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility fixed and mobile sites are collected and sent to the Data Management Facility (DMF) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for processing in near real-time. Raw and processed data are then sent approximately daily to the ARM Data Archive, where they are made available to users. For each instrument, we calculate the ratio of the actual number of data records received … more

Date: January 15, 2010

Creator: Sisterson, D. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Energy R&D in the Industrialized World: Retrenchment and Refocusing

No abstract is available for this document at this time.

Date: December 31, 1998

Creator: Dooley, James J.; Runci, Paul J. & Luiten, Eem

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Long-Term Nuclear Industry Outlook - 2004

The nuclear industry has become increasingly efficient and global in nature, but may now be poised at a crossroads between graceful decline and profound growth as a viable provider of electrical energy. Predicted population and energy-demand growth, an increased interest in global climate change, the desire to reduce the international dependence on oil as an energy source, the potential for hydrogen co-generation using nuclear power reactors, and the improved performance in the nuclear power in… more

Date: September 30, 2004

Creator: Reichmuth, Barbara A.; Wood, Thomas W. & Johnson, Wayne L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

CO sub 2 emissions from developing countries: Better understanding the role of energy in the long term

Recent years have witnessed a growing recognition of the link between emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and changes in the global climate. Of all anthropogenic activities, energy production and use generate the single largest portion of these greenhouse gases. Although developing countries currently account for a small share of global carbon emissions, their contribution is increasing rapidly. Due to the rapid expansion of energy demand in these nations, the developing world's share in gl… more

Date: July 1, 1991

Creator: Sathaye, J. & Goldman, N. (eds.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Exploitation of parallelism in climate models

The US Department of Energy (DOE) through its CHAMMP initiative, hopes to develop the capability to make meaningful regional climate forecasts on time scales exceeding a decade, such capability to be based on numerical prediction type models. We propose research to contribute to each of the specific items enumerated in the CHAMMP announcement (Notice 9103); i.e., to consider theoretical limits to prediction of climate and climate change on appropriate time scales, to develop new mathematical te… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Baer, F.; Tribbia, J.J. & Williamson, D.L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Annual dynamics within the active layer

We have continued our meteorological and hydrologic data collection in support of our process-oriented research. The six years of data collected to date is unique in its scope and continuity in a North Hemisphere Arctic setting. This valuable data base has allowed us to further our understanding of the interconnections and interactions between the atmosphere/hydrosphere/biosphere/lithosphere. The increased understanding of the heat and mass transfer processes has allowed us to increase our mode… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

National Institute for Global Environmental Change

This document is the Semi-Annual Report of the National Institute for Global Environmental Change for the reporting period July 1 to December 31, 1991. The report is in two parts. Part I presents the mission of the Institute, examples of progress toward that mission, a brief description of the revised management plan, and the financial report. Part II presents the statements of the Regional Center Directors along with progress reports of the projects written by the researchers themselves.

Date: April 1, 1992

Creator: Werth, G.C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department