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in subjects: "Chemistry"

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Brookhaven highlights for fiscal year 1991, October 1, 1990--September 30, 1991

This report highlights Brookhaven National Laboratory's activities for fiscal year 1991. Topics from the four research divisions: Computing and Communications, Instrumentation, Reactors, and Safety and Environmental Protection are presented. The research programs at Brookhaven are diverse, as is reflected by the nine different scientific departments: Accelerator Development, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, Applied Science, Biology, Chemistry, Medical, National Synchrotron Light Source, Nuclea… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Rowe, M.S.; Cohen, A.; Greenberg, D.; Seubert, L. & Kuper, J.B.H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Electrochemistry of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans reactions with pyrite

The objective of this project is to provide the fundamental information on the mechanisms of bacterial leaching of pyrite. The knowledge of how bacterial leaching of pyrite functions is essential for design and development of a technology for coal cleaning with bacteria. The features of major electrochemical techniques will be examined to find out if any of them can provide a diagnostic information on the mechanisms of related reactions.

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Pesic, B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Growth regulation by macrophages

The evidence reviewed here indicates that macrophages, either acting alone or in concert with other cells, influence the proliferation of multiple types of cells. Most of the data indicate that these effects are mediated by soluble macrophage-elaborated products (probably proteins) although the role of direct cell-to-cell contacts cannot be ruled out in all cases. A degree of success has been achieved on the biochemical characterization of these factors, due mainly to their low specific activit… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Wharton, W.; Walker, E. & Stewart, C.C.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Photoinduced Charge Separation by Polymer-Bound Chromophores

This project has examined the photodynamic behavior of water-soluble polymers that have covalently linked hydrophobic chromophores spaced along the chains. These polymeric systems have been examined for photoinduced charge separation with electron-accepting ions having different total charge. Focus has been on the excited singlet (S{sub 1}) state formed by laser flash absorption. The effects of pH and ionic strength -- factors that govern the conformational nature of the polymer in solution -- … more

Date: September 1, 1991

Creator: Rodgers, M. A. J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Institutional research and development, FY 1987

The Institutional Research and Development program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory fosters exploratory work to advance science and technology, disciplinary research to develop innovative solutions to problems in various scientific fields, and long-term interdisciplinary research in support of defense and energy missions. This annual report describes research funded under this program for FY87. (DWL)

Date: January 1, 1987

Creator: Struble, G. L.; Lawler, G. M.; Crawford, R. B.; Kirvel, R. D.; Peck, T. M.; Prono, J. K. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Use of principal components analysis and three-dimensional atmospheric-transport models for reactor-consequence evaluation

This work explores the use of principal components analysis coupled to three-dimensional atmospheric transport and dispersion models for evaluating the environmental consequences of reactor accidents. This permits the inclusion of meteorological data from multiple sites and the effects of topography in the consequence evaluation; features not normally included in such analyses. The technique identifies prevailing regional wind patterns and their frequencies for use in the transport and dispersi… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Gudiksen, P. H.; Walton, J. J.; Alpert, D. J. & Johnson, J. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Energy Program annual report

The national economy is particularly dependent on efficient electrical generation and transportation. Electrical demand continues to grow and will increasingly rely on coal and nuclear fuels. The nuclear power industry still has not found a solution to the problem of disposing of the waste produced by nuclear reactors. Although coal is in ample supply and the infrastructure is in place for its utilization, environmental problems and improved conversion processes remain technical challenges. In … more

Date: February 1, 1988

Creator: Borg, I.Y. (ed.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The bioenergetics of salt tolerance

The aim of this project was to try to understand the adaptive mechanisms that organisms develop in order to respond to a sudden transformation in their environment to a salt shock.'' To study this problem we used a fresh water oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacterium known as Synecoccus 6311. This organism suffers injury after this sudden exposure to high concentrations of sodium chloride equivalent to or even higher than that in sea water. Yet they are able to re-establish their photosynthetic a… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Packer, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Energy-related doctoral scientists and engineers in the United States, 1977

Information is compiled about the number and characteristics of doctoral-level engineers and scientists in primarily energy-related activities. These data are for the year 1977 and are part of the data base for a program of continuing studies on the employment and utilization of all scientists and engineers involved in energy-related activities. Data on mathematics, physics, chemistry, environmental engineering, engineering, life sciences, psychology, and social sciences doctoral degree special… more

Date: April 1, 1980

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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(The fate of nuclides in natural water systems)

Our research at Yale on the fate of nuclides in natural water systems has three components to it: the study of the atmospheric precipitation of radionuclides and other chemical species; the study of the behavior of natural radionuclides in groundwater and hydrothermal systems; and understanding the controls on the distribution of radionuclides and stable nuclides in the marine realm. In this section a review of our progress in each of these areas is presented.

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Turekian, K.K. (Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (USA). Dept. of Geology and Geophysics)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Assessment of the theory and hypotheses of the acidification of watersheds

This report documents and critically assesses the evolution and status of the scientific understanding of the effects of acidic deposition on surface waters. The main conclusion is that the dominant theory of surface-water acidification fails to adequately incorporate many important factors and processes that influence surface water acidity. Some of these factors and processes are not well researched or recognized as being important by most scientists in the aquatic effects research area. 258 r… more

Date: April 1, 1989

Creator: Krug, E.C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Molecular ingredients of heterogeneous catalysis

The purpose of this paper is to present a review and status report to those in theoretical chemistry of the rapidly developing surface science of heterogeneous catalysis. The art of catalysis is developing into science. This profound change provides one with opportunities not only to understand the molecular ingredients of important catalytic systems but also to develop new and improved catalyst. The participation of theorists to find answers to important questions is sorely needed for the soun… more

Date: June 1, 1982

Creator: Somorjai, G.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The solar flare of 18 August 1979: Incoherent scatter radar data and photochemical model comparisons

Measurements of electron density at seven D-region altidues were made with the Arecibo radar during a Class-X solar flare on 18 August 1979. Measurements of solar x-ray fluxes during the same period were available from the GOES-2 satellite (0.5 to 4 /angstrom/ and 1 to 8 /angstrom/) and from ISEE-3 (in four bands between 26 and 400 keV). From the x-ray flux data we computed ionization rates in the D-region and the associated chemical changes, using a coupled atmospheric chemistry and diffusion … more

Date: April 1, 1988

Creator: Zinn, J.; Sutherland, C. D.; Fenimore, E. E. & Ganguly, S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Radio chemistry as a diagnostic in laser fusion experiments

Nuclear chemistry techniques have been employed in an attempt to measure the density of high compression laser fusion targets. Radioactive /sup 28/Al atoms formed in the /sup 28/Si(n,p)/sup 28/Al reaction arising from the interaction of the 14 MeV neutrons with the silicon atoms in the glass microsphere have been counted at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory using a ..beta..-..gamma.. coincidence method. The detection system that is employed allows activities corresponding to 100 aluminum atoms to b… more

Date: November 1, 1977

Creator: Campbell, E.M.; Hicks, H.G.; Mead, W.C.; Glaros, S.S.; Coleman, L.W. & Laird, W.B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Role of groundwater oxidation potential and radiolysis on waste glass performance in crystalline repository environments

Laboratory experiments have shown that groundwater conditions in a Stripa granite repository will be as reducing as those in a basalt repository. The final oxidation potential (Eh) at 70/sup 0/C for Stripa groundwater deaerated and equilibrated with crystalline granite was -0.45V. In contrast, the oxidation potential at 60/sup 0/C for Grande Ronde groundwater equilibrated with basalt was -0.40V. The reducing groundwater conditions were found to slightly decrease the time-dependent release of so… more

Date: January 1, 1985

Creator: Jantzen, Carol M. & Bibler, Ned E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Hanford Laboratories Operation monthly activities report, March 1959

This document details activities of the Hanford Laboratories Operation during the month of March 1959. (FI)

Date: April 15, 1959

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Treatment of dynamical processes in two-dimensional models of the troposphere and stratosphere

The physical structure of the troposphere and stratosphere is the result of an intricate interplay among a large number of radiative, chemical, and dynamical processes. Because it is not possible to model the global environment in the laboratory, theoretical models must be relied on, subject to observational verification, to simulate atmospheric processes. Of particular concern in recent years has been the modeling of those processes affecting the structure of ozone and other trace species in t… more

Date: July 1, 1980

Creator: Wuebbles, D.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Radiolytic Effects on Ion Exchangers During the Storage of Radioactive Wastes

Radiolytic effects on ion exchangers are being recognized as a significant problem in the processing and storage of high-specific-activity radioactive waste forms. Two major literature surveys and a series of scoping experiments conducted during this investigation indicate that radiation decomposition of ion exchange materials has the potential for a variety of undesirable consequences. These include the ready dispersion of adsorbed radionuclides to the environment, corrosion and pressurization… more

Date: January 1, 1982

Creator: Pillay, K. K. S. & Palau, G. L.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Geology, hydrothermal petrology, stable isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion geothermometry of LASL geothermal test well C/T-1 (Mesa 31-1), East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California, USA

Borehole Mesa 31-1 (LASL C/T-1) is an 1899-m (6231-ft) deep well located in the northwestern part of the East Mesa Geothermal Field. Mesa 31-1 is the first Calibration/Test Well (C/T-1) in the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), Geothermal Log Interpretation Program. The purpose of this study is to provide a compilation of drillhole data, drill cuttings, well lithology, and formation petrology that will serve to support the use of well LASL C/T-1 as a calibration/test well for geothermal l… more

Date: August 1, 1980

Creator: Miller, K. R. & Elders, W. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Early events in irradiated water. [5-keV electrons]

We propose a model to continue following events from the initial energy deposition (<10/sup -15/ s) through later times at which liquid water can begin to respond chemically to the passage of radiation. We use a Monte Carlo code to calculate the spatial distributions of the chemical species present at times of about 10/sup -11/ s. This information provides the necessary input for diffusion-kinetic calculations to predict the subsequent chemical evolution of the system and measurable transient a… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Turner, J.E.; Magee, J.L.; Hamm, R.N.; Chatterjee, A.; Wright, H.A. & Ritchie, R.H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Monitoring the materials and chemistry of a geothermal plant

The components of geothermal brines that cause corrosion and scaling problems are reviewed, especially brine pH, CO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/S, oxygen (from air), silicia, calcium, sulfides, and suspended particulates. Instrumental methods for on-line measurement are discussed to show how to keep costs low by operating a geothermal plant from a position of knowledge of what is occurring to the plant materials. The US Department of Energy research and development program in brine chemistry and on-line in… more

Date: April 1, 1988

Creator: Shannon, D.W.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Computer-Controlled System for Rapid Soil Analysis of /sup 226/Ra

A computer-controlled multichannel analysis system has been developed by the Radiological Survey Activities Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Department of Energy (DOE) in support of the DOE's remedial action programs. The purpose of this system is to provide a rapid estimate of the /sup 226/Ra concentration in soil samples using a 6 x 9-in. NaI(Tl) crystal containing a 3.25-in. deep by 3.5-in. diameter well. This gamma detection system is controlled by a mini-computer with … more

Date: January 1, 1984

Creator: Doane, R. W.; Berven, B. A. & Blair, M. S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Kinetics of the radiation-induced exchange reactions of H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, and T/sub 2/: a review

Mixtures of H/sub 2/--T/sub 2/ or D/sub 2/--T/sub 2/ will exchange to produce HT or DT due to catalysis by the tritium ..beta.. particle. The kinetics of the reaction D/sub 2/ + T/sub 2/ = 2DT may play an important role in designing liquid or solid targets of D/sub 2/--DT--T/sub 2/ for implosion fusion, and distillation schemes for tritium cleanup systems in fusion reactors. Accordingly, we have critically reviewed the literature for information on the kinetics and mechanism of radiation-induce… more

Date: January 6, 1978

Creator: Pyper, J.W. & Briggs, C.K.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Diagnosing vegetation injury caused by air pollution

The structure and function of plants in relation to air pollution injury is discussed. The sources, atmospheric chemistry, monitoring data, symptomatology, factors affecting plant response, injury threshold doses, air quality standards, relative sensitivity of plants, and leaf tissue analysis are discussed for major air pollutants. Among the pollutants discussed are: the photochemical oxidants (ozone, PAN, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and fluorides). Minor pollutants discussed in the same f… more

Date: February 1, 1978

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department