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Delaware Basin Monitoring Annual Report

Description: The Delaware Basin Drilling Surveillance Program (DBDSP) is designed to monitor drilling activities in the vicinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). This program is based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requirements. The EPA environmental standards for the management and disposal of transuranic (TRU) radioactive waste are codified in 40 CFR Part 191 (EPA 1993). Subparts B and C of the standard address the disposal of radioactive waste. The standard requires the Department of … more
Date: September 30, 1999
Creator: Services, Washington Regulatory and Environmental
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy Payback: Clean Energy from PV; National Center for Photovoltaics PV FAQs (Fact Sheet)

Description: This FAQ sheet discusses the concept of ''energy payback,'' or how long a PV system must operate to recover the energy -- and associated generation of pollution and carbon dioxide -- that went into making the system in the first place. Energy payback estimates for rooftop PV systems boil down to 4, 3, 2, and 1 years: 4 years for systems using current multicrystalline-silicon PV modules, 3 years for current thin-film modules, 2 years for future multicrystalline modules, and 1 year for future thi… more
Date: June 1, 1999
Item Type: Refine your search to only Text
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Geothermal Electrical Production CO2 Emissions Study

Description: Emission of “greenhouse gases” into the environment has become an increasing concern. Deregulation of the electrical market will allow consumers to select power suppliers that utilize “green power.” Geothermal power is classed as “green power” and has power emissions of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour of electricity than even the cleanest of fossil fuels, natural gas. However, previously published estimates of carbon dioxide emissions are relatively old and need revision. This study estimates … more
Date: October 1, 1999
Creator: Bloomfield, Kevin Kit & Moore, J. N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Human Impacts and Management of Carbon Sources

Description: The energy system dominates human-induced carbon flows on our planet. Globally, six billion tons of carbon are contained in the fossil fuels removed from below the ground every year. More than 90% of the carbon in fossil fuels is used for energy purposes, with carbon dioxide as the carbon product and the atmosphere as the initial destination for the carbon dioxide. Significantly affecting the carbon flows associated with fossil fuels is an immense undertaking. Four principal technological appro… more
Date: August 20, 1999
Creator: Benson, S.; Edmonds, J.; Socolow, R. & Surles, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Basic Engineering Research for D&D of R. Reactor Storage Pond Sludge: Electrokinetics, Carbon Dioxide Extraction, and Supercritical Water Oxidation

Description: Collaborating researchers at the University of South Carolina (USC), Clemson University (CU), and the Savannah River Site (SRS) are investigating the fundamentals of a combined extraction and destruction process for the decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of PCB-contaminated materials as found at DOE sites. Currently, the volume of PCBs and PCB contaminated wastes at DOE sites nationwide is approximately 19,000 m3. While there are a number of existing and proposed processes for the re… more
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Hamilton, Edward A.; Bruce, David A.; Oji, Lawrence; White, Ralph E.; Matthews, Michael A. & Thies, Mark C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Large-Scale CO2 Transportation and Deep Ocean Sequestration

Description: Technical and economical feasibility of large-scale CO{sub 2} transportation and ocean sequestration at depths of 3000 meters or grater was investigated. Two options were examined for transporting and disposing the captured CO{sub 2}. In one case, CO{sub 2} was pumped from a land-based collection center through long pipelines laid on the ocean floor. Another case considered oceanic tanker transport of liquid carbon dioxide to an offshore floating structure for vertical injection to the ocean fl… more
Date: March 1, 1999
Creator: Sarv, Hamid
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Field Trip Guide to Serpentinite, Silica-Carbonate Alteration, and Related Hydrothermal Activity in the Clear Lake Region, California

Description: This guide is designed to familiarize scientists with the geology, structure, alteration, and fluids typical of California serpentinites for purposes of carbon dioxide sequestration (Lackner et al., 1995). Goff et al. (1997) and Goff and Lackner (1998) describe the geology and geochemistry of some of the serpentinites from this area. Mechanisms of silica-carbonate alteration were outlined by Barnes et al. (1973). Donnelly-Nolan et al. (1993) most recently reviewed relations between regional hyd… more
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Goff, Fraser & Guthrie, George
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy R&D in the United States

Description: In 1997, the US public and private sectors invested $205.7 billion in R&D. Private sector investments in R&D increased 34% between 1990 and 1997; over the same period the federal government decreased its expenditures by 15% in real terms. Projections of outyear federal budgets indicate the federal government will continue to reduce its investments in R&D for the foreseeable future. Defense R&D continues to be the largest area of concentration for federal government's R&D inv… more
Date: August 9, 1999
Creator: Dooley, J.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Carbon Sequestered, Carbon Displaced and the Kyoto Context

Description: The integrated system that embraces forest management, forest products, and land-use change impacts the global carbon cycle - and hence the net emission of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide - in four fundamental ways. Carbon is stored in living and dead biomass, carbon is stored in wood products and landfills, forest products substitute in the market place for products made from other materials, and forest harvests can be used wholly or partially to displace fossil fuels in the energy sector. I… more
Date: April 18, 1999
Creator: Marland, G. & Schlamadinger, B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Clean Cities Award Winning Coalition: San Diego

Description: Stakeholders in the San Diego coalition have already helped remove about 125 tons of nitrogen oxides and 867 tons of carbon dioxide every year since their inception in 1996. They are proud of their numerous accomplishments, including the San Diego Gas and Electric's installation of a solar chargeport, which can charge up to six electric vehicles simultaneously and at no cost. San Diego Regional Clean Cities Coalition will also soon be home to the first alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) showroom in… more
Date: May 19, 1999
Creator: Kaiser, ICF
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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PHASE BEHAVIOR OF LIGHT GASES IN HYDROGEN AND AQUEOUS SOLVENTS

Description: Under previous support from the US Department of Energy, an experimental facility has been established and operated to measure valuable vapor-liquid equilibrium data for systems of interest in the production and processing of coal fluids. To facilitate the development and testing of models for prediction of the phase behavior for such systems, we have acquired substantial amounts of data on the equilibrium phase compositions for binary mixtures of heavy hydrocarbon solvents with a variety of su… more
Date: March 31, 1999
Creator: GASEM, KHALED A.M. & ROBERT L. ROBINSON, JR.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Micelle Formation and Surface Interactions in Supercritical CO{sub 2} Fundamental Studies for the Extraction of Actinides from Contaminated Surfaces

Description: This research seeks to build the fundamental understanding of micelle formation and mobility in supercritical CO2 necessary to develop an innovative phase-transfer extraction system for selectively removing metals (actinides) from contaminated surfaces. We will extract metal ions into supercritical CO2 (scCO2) using CO2 soluble extractants. The surfactants consist of perfluoroether and perfluoroalkyl backbones with phosphate head groups. Experimentation will focus on two main issues: understand… more
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: McClesky, T. Mark; Sauer, Nancy; Jarvinen, Gordon, Birnbaum, Eva & Tumas, William
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High-Temperature Heat Exchanger Testing in a Pilot-Scale Slagging Furnace System

Description: The University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), in partnership with United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) under a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contract, has designed, constructed, and operated a 3.0-million Btu/hr (3.2 x 10{sup 6} kJ/hr) slagging furnace system (SFS). Successful operation has demonstrated that the SFS meets design objectives and is well suited for testing very high-temperature heat exchanger concepts. Test results have shown that a high-tem… more
Date: December 1, 1999
Creator: Collings, Michael E.; Dockter, Bruce A.; Hajicek, Douglas R.; Henderson, Ann K.; Hurley, John P.; Kleven, Patty L. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in energy-intensive industries in key developing countries

Description: The industrial sector is the most important end-use sector in developing countries in terms of energy use and was responsible for 50% of primary energy use and 53% of associated carbon dioxide emissions in 1995 (Price et al., 1999). The industrial sector is extremely diverse, encompassing the extraction of natural resources, conversion of these resources into raw materials, and manufacture of finished products. Five energy-intensive industrial subsectors account for the bulk of industrial energ… more
Date: September 1, 1999
Creator: Price, Lynn; Worrell, Ernst & Phylipsen, Dian
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Optimal Geological Environments for Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Saline Aquifers in the United States

Description: Recent research and applications have demonstrated technologically feasible methods, defined costs, and modeled processes needed to sequester carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) in saline-water-bearing formations (aquifers). One of the simplifying assumptions used in previous modeling efforts is the effect of real stratigraphic complexity on transport and trapping in saline aquifers. In this study we have developed and applied criteria for characterizing saline aquifers for very long-term sequestration … more
Date: February 1, 1999
Creator: Hovorka, Susan D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A Database of Herbaceous Vegetation Responses to Elevated Atmospheric CO{sub 2}

Description: To perform a statistically rigorous meta-analysis of research results on the response by herbaceous vegetation to increased atmospheric CO{sub 2} levels, a multiparameter database of responses was compiled from the published literature. Seventy-eight independent CO{sub 2}-enrichment studies, covering 53 species and 26 response parameters, reported mean response, sample size, and variance of the response (either as standard deviation or standard error). An additional 43 studies, covering 25 spec… more
Date: November 24, 1999
Creator: Jones, M.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Carbon sequestration research and development

Description: Predictions of global energy use in the next century suggest a continued increase in carbon emissions and rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) in the atmosphere unless major changes are made in the way we produce and use energy--in particular, how we manage carbon. For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts in its 1995 ''business as usual'' energy scenario that future global emissions of CO{sub 2} to the atmosphere will increase from 7.4 billion to… more
Date: December 1999
Creator: Reichle, Dave; Houghton, John; Kane, Bob; Ekmann, Jim; Benson, Sally; Clarke, John et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design and Implementation of a CO2 Flood Utilizing Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Horizontal Injection Wells In a Shallow Shelf Carbonate Approaching Waterflood Depletion

Description: The first project objective is to utilize reservoir characterization and advanced technologies to optimize the design of a carbon dioxide (CO2) project for the South Cowden Unit (SCU) located in Ector County, Texas. The SCU is a mature, relatively small, shallow shelf carbonate unit nearing waterflood depletion. The second project objective is to demonstrate the performance and economic viability of the project in the field. All work during the fourth quarter falls within the demonstration proj… more
Date: October 28, 1999
Creator: Czirr, Kirk
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation of CO2 Gravity Drainage in the Naturally Fractured Spraberry Trend Area

Description: The overall goal of this project was to assess the economic feasibility of CO2 flooding the naturally fractured Spraberry Trend Area in West Texas. This objective was accomplished by conducting research in four areas: (1) extensive characterization of the reservoirs, (2) experimental studies of crude oil/brine/rock (COBR) interaction in the reservoirs, (3) analytical and numerical simulation of Spraberry reservoirs, and, (4) experimental investigations on CO2 gravity drainage in Spraberry whole… more
Date: November 1, 1999
Creator: McDonald, Paul & Schechter, David S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Improved Efficiency of Miscible CO2 Floods and Enhanced Prospects for CO2 Flooding Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Description: Continued testing the horizontal-well capabilities of MASTER, the DOE's pseudomiscible reservoir simulator, by running simulation tests with several combinations of horizontal and vertical wells and various alternative reservoir descriptions. These sensitivity tests were compared and validated using simulation results from a commercial simulator. This sensitivity study was used in conjunction with our numerical tests on the comparison of foam injection processes and horizontal well injection pr… more
Date: October 28, 1999
Creator: Grigg, Reid B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photocatalytic and Chemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Description: Determine if photocatalytic or other clean oxidation chemistry can be applied to the removal of organic or inorganic contaminants that are introduced into supercritical carbon dioxide during its use as an extraction and cleaning medium in DOE environmental and waste minimization applications. The targets are those contaminants left in solution after the bulk of the solutes have been separated from the fluid phase by changing pressure and/or temperature (but not evaporating the CO2). This is app… more
Date: July 13, 1999
Creator: Blake, D. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Application of Advanced Reservoir Characterization, Simulation, and Production Optimization Strategies to Maximize Recovery in Slope and Basin Clastic Reservoirs, West Texas (Delaware Basin)

Description: The objective of this Class 3 project was demonstrate that detailed reservoir characterization of slope and basin clastic reservoirs in sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and New Mexico is a cost effective way to recover a higher percentage of the original oil in place through strategic placement of infill wells and geologically based field development. Project objectives are divided into two main phases. The original objectives of the reservoir-charac… more
Date: November 9, 1999
Creator: Dutton, Shirley P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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TEWI Analysis: Its Utility, Its Shortcomings, and Its Results

Description: The past decade has been a challenging time for the refrigeration and air conditioning industry worldwide. Provisions of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments require the phaseout of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) compounds that have been used extensively as insulating foam blowing agents and refrigerants in refrigeration systems, heat pumps, and air conditioners. In response, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) compounds were proposed, developed, and are starting to be used… more
Date: September 13, 1999
Creator: Baxter, V.D.; Fischer, S.K. & Sand, J.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Validation of landsurface processes in the AMIP models

Description: The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) is a commonly accepted protocol for testing the performance of the world's atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) under common specifications of radiative forcings (in solar constant and carbon dioxide concentration) and observed ocean boundary conditions (Gates 1992, Gates et al. 1999). From the standpoint of landsurface specialists, the AMIP affords an opportunity to investigate the behaviors of a wide variety of land-surface scheme… more
Date: October 1, 1999
Creator: Phillips, T J
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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