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Photosynthesis

Description: Although there has been considerable progress toward an understanding of the processes of photosyntehsis in recent years, the advances have been followed rather lcosely by symposia, monographs and reviews of the subject matter, particularly during the last three years. In view of the comprehensive coverage it would appear that the present review might very well be limited to a discussion of certain subjects of special interest to the authors and some with which they are especially familiar. The… more
Date: March 1, 1952
Creator: Calvin, M.; Bassham, J. A.; Benson, A. A. & Massini, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Nonphotosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide by ThreeMicro-Organisms

Description: Studies by Lynch and Calvin (1952,1953) have established the nature of the compounds incorporating C{sup 14} nonphotosynthetically from C{sup 14}O{sub 2} in thirteen microorganisms: a yeast, a protozoan, two water moulds, one slime mould, three algae, three bacteria, and the green flagellate Euglena Gracilis. With the exception of H. gracilis, and of Lactobacillus cassi which fixed no detectable amounts of carbon dioxide, all these organisms fixed carbon dioxide into amino and organic acids der… more
Date: July 1, 1958
Creator: Holm-Hansen, O.; Moses, V. & Calvin, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Early Unstable CO2-Fixation Products in Photosynthesis

Description: Some chemical, physical, and chromatographic properties of the hydroxylamine stabilized early products of CO{sub 2} fixation in photosynthesis are described. Although no definitive structural information is yet available, these properties, together with the biochemical context in which the material appears, make possible some likely suggestions about the nature of the substances.
Date: December 19, 1957
Creator: Metzner, Helmut; Metzner, Barbara & Calvin, Melvin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Green Plants

Description: Since the end of the war when the long-lived isotope of carbon, C{sup 14} became available a new tool has been applied in the study of photosynthesis. Because of the interest evoked by the tracer method, research in all areas of photosynthesis has expanded. There have been reviews on various aspects of photosynthesis such as the primary photochemical reaction, quantum efficiency products, and comparative biochemistry, many discussions of which were included in the monograph of The American Soci… more
Date: January 3, 1950
Creator: Benson, A. A. & Calvin, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION.

Description: Solar carbon dioxide fixation offers the possibility of a renewable source of chemicals and fuels in the future. Its realization rests on future advances in the efficiency of solar energy collection and development of suitable catalysts for CO{sub 2} conversion. Recent achievements in the efficiency of solar energy conversion and in catalysis suggest that this approach holds a great deal of promise for contributing to future needs for fuels and chemicals.
Date: January 12, 2000
Creator: Fujita, E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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New Tools for CO2 Fixation by Homogeneous Catalysis - Final Technical Report

Description: The overall goal is the development of new or more efficient methods for the conversion of CO{sub 2} into useful organic products, via the design or discovery of new catalysts, ligands, solvents, and methods. Specific objectives for this funded period: (1) To develop a high-throughput screening technique and use it to develop an efficient catalyst/reagent/solvent system for the synthesis of ureas or carboxylic acids. (2) To use in-situ spectroscopic and kinetic methods to study the mechanism of… more
Date: January 20, 2006
Creator: Jessop, Phillip G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. X. Carbon Dioxideassimilation in Plants

Description: The conclusions which have been drawn from the results of C{sup 14}O{sub 2} fixation experiments with a variety of plants are developed in this paper. The evidence for thermochemical reduction of carbon dioxide fixation intermediates is presented and the results are interpreted from such a viewpoint.
Date: April 1, 1950
Creator: Calvin, M.; Bassham, J. A.; Benson, A. A.; Lynch, V.; Ouellet, C.; Schou, L. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Capturing and sequestering carbon by enhancing the natural carbon cycle: Prelimary identification of basic science needs and opportunities

Description: This document summarizes proceedings and conclusions of a US DOE workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to identify the underlying research needed to answer the following questions: (1) Can the natural carbon cycle be used to aid in stabilizing or decreasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} by: (a) Increasing carbon capture; (b) Preventing carbon from returning to the atmosphere through intermediate (<100 years) to long-term sequestration (> 100 years)?; and (2) What kind of ecosystem man… more
Date: July 1, 1997
Creator: Benson, S.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cyanide Effects on Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Chlorella

Description: Green algae have been treated with radioactive KCN in an investigation of the effect of cyanide on photosynthesis. A multitude of products have been found to be formed in very short exposures (10 to 15 sec). One of these products has been identified with the product formed when the algae are given radioactive CO{sub 2} and nonradioactive KCN. The same product has been synthesized by a nonenzymatic cyanohydrin addition reaction on ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate. It has been shown to be a 2-carboxy-pe… more
Date: December 17, 1957
Creator: Rabin, Bernard R.; Shaw, D. F.; Pon, Ning G.; Anderson, J. M. & Calvin, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photoreduction of CO{sub 2} using metal complexes

Description: Photochemical reduction of CO{sub 2} to fuels and chemicals is a challenging task. Work in the area of photochemical CO{sub 2} reduction from the early 1980s to the present is summarized to provide a perspective on the achievements and problems involved in the process.
Date: April 1, 1996
Creator: Fujita, Etsuko
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Microorganisms

Description: Resting cells of eleven microorganisms were exposed to radioactive carbon dioxide for 40 minutes. The radioactive compounds formed during this time were separated and identified by paper chromatography. Resting cells of Lactobacillus casei fixed no carbon dioxide and growing cells fixed carbon dioxide primarily in malic and aspartic acids. All of the radioactive compounds formed could have become radioactive by reversal of known decarboxylation reactions.
Date: July 24, 1951
Creator: Lynch, Victoria H. & Calvin, Melvin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. XXI. The Cyclic Regenerationof Carbon Dioxide Acceptor

Description: Photosynthesizing plants have been exposed to C{sup 14}O{sub 2} for short periods of time (0.4 to 15 sec.) and the products of carbon dioxide reduction analyzed by paper chromatography and radio autography. Methods have been developed for the degradation of ribulose and sedoheptulose. These sugars, obtained as their phosphate esters from the above C{sup 14}O{sub 2} exposures and from other experiments, have been degraded and their distribution of radiocarbon determined. The distribution of radi… more
Date: October 1, 1953
Creator: Bassham, J. A.; Benson, A. A.; Kay, Lorel D.; Harris, Anne Z.; Wilson, A. T. & Calvin, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Regulation of photosynthetic carbon fixation on the ocean margins. Final report

Description: The US Department of Energy is concerned with the fate of energy-related materials, including carbon dioxide, in the marine environment. Using laboratory studies, as well as field studies, an attempt was made to understand the molecular regulation of photosynthetic carbon reduction. The objectives were: to determine the mechanism of regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCase) in phytoplankton in response to changes in light fields; and to determine regulation of (Ru… more
Date: June 1, 1997
Creator: Paul, J.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Control of light saturated photosynthesis: Concentration and activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Final report, September 1, 1993--February 28, 1997

Description: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is one of the most abundant enzymes on the planet and is responsible for catalysing the net fixation of CO{sub 2} into organic matter. It is central, therefore, to primary productivity in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Rubisco is a large enzyme with low substrate affinity and low catalytic efficiency and is considered to limit the rate of light-saturated photosynthesis. This report summarizes research into the molecular basis of the … more
Date: May 1, 1997
Creator: Geider, R.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Forest-Atmospheric Carbon Transfer and Storage-Ii (Facts-Ii): Aspen Face Project

Description: The FACTS II (ASPEN FACE) infrastructure including 12 FACE [Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment] rings, a central control facility, a central CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2} receiving and storage area, a central O{sub 3} generation system, and a dispensing system for CO{sub 2} and O{sub 3} was completed in 1997. The FACE rings were planted with over 10,000 plants (aspen, birch and maple). The entire system was thoroughly tested for both CO{sub 2} and O{sub 3} and was shown to be effective in delivering e… more
Date: February 1, 1998
Creator: Karnosky, D. F.; Hendrey, G.; Pregitzer, K. & Isebrands, J. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Engineering the Cyanobacterial Carbon Concentrating Mechanism for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Fixation

Description: In cyanobacteria CO2 fixation is localized in a special proteinaceous organelle, the carboxysome. The CO2 fixation enzymes are encapsulated by a selectively permeable protein shell. By structurally and functionally characterizing subunits of the carboxysome shell and the encapsulated proteins, we hope to understand what regulates the shape, assembly and permeability of the shell, as well as the targeting mechanism and organization of the encapsulated proteins. This knowledge will be used to enh… more
Date: June 2, 2011
Creator: Sandh, Gustaf; Cai, Fei; Shih, Patrick; Kinney, James; Axen, Seth; Salmeen, Annette et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Carbon dioxide, climate and the deep ocean circulation: Carbon chemistry model. Final report

Description: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of oceanic carbon chemistry in modulating the atmospheric levels of CO{sub 2}. It is well known that the oceans are the primary sink of the excess carbon pumped into the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial period. The suspended particulate and the dissolved organic matters in the deep ocean play important roles as carriers of carbon and other elements critical to the fate of CO{sub 2}. In addition, the suspended particulate ma… more
Date: September 21, 1992
Creator: Menawat, A. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis. XVII. Phosphorus Compounds as Intermediates in Photosynthesis

Description: Studies of carbon dioxide fixation in green plants using the C{sup 14} isotope have shown that in very short times phosphoglyceric acid contains most of the radioactivity. The tracer is present almost entirely in the carboxyl group. The importance of organic phosphates in the subsequent metabolism of phosphoglyceric acid can be seen from the accompanying photographs.
Date: July 8, 1952
Creator: Buchanan, J. G.; Bassham, J. A.; Benson, A. A.; Bradley, D. F.; Calvin, M.; Daus, L. L. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Soil Carbon Storage and N{sub 2}O Emissions from Wheat Agroecosystems as Affected by Free-Air CO{sub 2} Enrichment (FACE) and Nitrogen Treatments. Annual Progress Report - Year 1: August 1, 1996 to July 31, 1997 [Final Report]

Description: Rising atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations have prompted concern about response of plants and crops to future elevated CO{sub 2} levels, and particularly the extent to which ecosystems will sequester carbon and thus impact the rate of rise of CO{sub 2} concentrations. Free-air CO{sub 2} enrichment (FACE) experimentation was used with wheat agroecosystems for two growing seasons to assess effects of CO{sub 2} and soil nitrogen. Over 20 researchers on this experiment variously examined plant pro… more
Date: February 17, 1999
Creator: Leavitt, S. W.; Matthias, A. & Thompson, T. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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