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in subjects: "Alpha Decay Radioisotopes"

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Equations for plutonium and americium-241 decay corrections

We present derivations of equations used in various plutonium accountability measurements to correct for plutonium decay and /sup 241/Am ingrowth and decay. The equations are formulated in terms of the most widely available variables and are derived without approximation.

Date: June 1, 1986

Creator: Sampson, T. E. & Parker, J. L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Electrical Properties of Air in the Carlsbad Caverns

Radon 222 and its daughter product concentrations in the Carlsbad Caverns are higher than in outdoor air by a factor of several hundred. The effects of the radiation from these substances on the electrical properties of air in the cave have been studied. The rate of ion-pair production, the ion density, and the electrical conductivity are much higher in the Cave than in outdoor air. The mobility of the ions is less than outdoors due to the high humidity and low condensation nuclei concentration… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Wilkening, Marvin & Romero, Van

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Autoradiography as a safeguards inspection technique for unirradiated LWR fuel assemblies

A nondestructive autoradiographic method is described which can provide a verification that rods in the interior of unirradiated LWR fuel assemblies contain low-enriched uranium. Sufficient absorber must be used to reduce contributions to image density by beta radiation from /sup 238/U daughters. When appropriate absorbers are used, the density of the image of a uranium-containing fuel rod is proportional to the /sup 235/U enrichment in that rod. Exposure times as short as 1.5 hours can be achi… more

Date: May 1, 1978

Creator: Brumbach, S. B. & Perry, R. B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Physics of antimatter-matter reactions for interstellar propulsion

At the stage of the antiproton-nucleon annihilation chain of events relevant to propulsion the annihilation produces energetic charged pions and gamma rays. If annihilation occurs in a complex nucleus, protons, neutrons, and other nuclear fragments are also produced. The charge, number, and energy of the annihilation products are such that annihilation rocket engine concepts involving relatively low specific impulse (I/sub sp/ approx. = 1000 to 2000 s) and very high I/sub sp/ (3 x 10/sup 7/ s) … more

Date: August 22, 1986

Creator: Morgan, D.L. Jr.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Atlas of atomic spectral lines of plutonium emitted by an inductively coupled plasma

Optical emission spectra from high-purity Pu-242 were generated with a glovebox-enclosed inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source. Spectra covering the 2280 to 7008 Angstrom wavelength range are presented along with general commentary on ICP-Pu spectroscopy.

Date: September 1, 1986

Creator: Edelson, M. C.; DeKalb, E. L.; Winge, R. K. & Fassel, V. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Spatial distribution measurements of fission neutrons in water as an oxygen data test

The spatial distribution of the total neutron density from a /sup 252/Cf source in pure water was measured to high statistical precision at distances from 11 to 80 cm from the source. Assuming the adequacy of the ENDF/B-IV hydrogen, and reasonable constraints on the fission spectrum mean energy, good agreement between experiment and a one-dimensional transport calculation was obtained for both ENDF/B-III and IV oxygen, with Version III slightly better. However, small residual differences remain… more

Date: February 1978

Creator: Green, L. & Ullo, J.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP): USA/9507/BLF (ERDA--AL), Model AL-M1. [Configurations 1, 3, and 5]

The SARP includes structural integrity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding and radiological safety, nuclear criticality safety, and quality control of three insulated drum shipping containers identified as USA/9507/BLF (ERDA-AL), also called AL-M1, configurations 1, 3, and 5. Complete physical and technical descriptions of the packages are presented. Each package consists of an inner container centered within an insulated steel drum. The contents are plutonium-239 and uranium-235 in config… more

Date: September 30, 1977

Creator: Watkins, R. A.; Bertram, R. E.; Blauvelt, R. K.; Edling, D. A.; Flanagan, T. M.; Griffin, J. F. et al.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Tandem mirror fusion fission hybrid studies

Initial Tandem Mirror Hybrid Study predicts the ability to produce large amounts of fissile fuel (2 to 7 tonnes per year U233 from a 4000 MW plant) at a cost that adds less than 25% to the cost of power from an LWR.

Date: February 15, 1980

Creator: Lee, J. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Development of ultrafiltration and inorganic adsorbents for reducing volumes of low-level and intermediate-level liquid waste: April--June 1977

Ultrafication (UF) membranes have demonstrated 90 to 98% rejection of gross alpha in laboratory tests. In the treatment of laundry wastes, rejection of activity ranged from 98 to 99.9% gross alpha. The pilot UF system was installed and started up. Flux decline curves and volume reduction performance were determined. Volume reductions of 210 : 1 were achieved at flux rates of 1.1 gal/min (system is rated at 2 to 3 gal/min, 90% recovery) at activity rejection of 99.94% gross alpha. Adsorbent stud… more

Date: November 14, 1977

Creator: Koenst, J. W.; Herald, W. R. & Roberts, R. C.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Parametric modelling of temporal variations in radon concentrations in homes

The /sup 222/Rn concentrations in the living area, the basement, and the undelying soil of a New Jersey home have been measured at half-hour intervals over the course of a year, as have indoor and outdoor temperatures, wind speed and direction, and indoor-outdoor and basement-subslab pressures; in addition, periods of furnace opration have been logged. We generalize and extend an existing radon entry model in order to demonstrate the dependence of the radon concentration on the environmental va… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Revzan, K.L.; Turk, B.H.; Harrison, J.; Nero, A.V. & Sextro, R.G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Chromatographic cation exchange separation of decigram quantities of californium and other transplutonium elements

Decigram quantities of highly radioactive transplutonium elements are routinely partitioned at TRU by chromatographic elution from cation resin using AHIB eluent. By using two high-pressure ion exchange columns, a small one for the initial loading of the feed and a large one for the elution, batch runs containing up to 200 mg of /sup 252/Cf can be made in about 5 hours (2 hours to load the feed and 3 hours for the elution). The number of effluent product fractions and the amount of actinides th… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Benker, D. E.; Chattin, F. R.; Collins, E. D.; Knauer, J. B.; Orr, P. B.; Ross, R. G. et al.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Tandem mirror fusion-fission hybrid studies

Initial tandem mirror hybrid studies predict the ability to produce large amounts of fissile fuel (2 to 7 tons U233 per year from a 4000 MW plant) at a cost that adds less than 25% to the cost of power from a LWR.

Date: April 24, 1980

Creator: Lee, J. D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Analysis of the boron pile measurement of the average neutron yield per fission of /sup 252/Cf: (AWBA development program)

The Harwell Boron Pile measurement of the average number of prompt neutrons emitted per fission, ..nu..-bar/sub p/, of /sup 252/Cf was analyzed in detail by a Monte Carlo method. From the calculated energy dependence of the neutron detection efficiency a value of ..nu..-bar/sub p/ = 3.733 +- 0.022 was obtained. This value is 0.76 percent higher than the original reported value of 3.705 +- 0.015. Possible causes for this increase are discussed. 3 figures, 6 tables.

Date: August 1977

Creator: Ullo, J.J.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Si(Li) x-ray detectors with amorphous silicon passivation

Lithium-drifted silicon (Si(Li)) detectors with thin lithium n/sup +/ contacts and amorphous silicon (..cap alpha..-Si) junction passivation are described. These detectors (7 mm thick, 9 cm/sup 2/ area) are intended for use in a six element detector array which is designed to measure trace amounts of plutonium in soil samples. Results are given showing a spectral resolution of approx. 400 eV (FWHM) for the 17.8 keV N/sub p/ L x-rays entering through either these detectors. Measurements on the e… more

Date: October 1, 1983

Creator: Walton, J.T.; Pehl, R.H.; Wong, Y.K. & Cork, C.P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Charged particle detectors made from thin layers of amorphous silicon

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the feasibility of using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (..cap alpha..-Si:H) as solid state thin film charged particle detectors. /sup 241/Am alphas were successfully detected with ..cap alpha..-Si:H devices. The measurements and results of these experiments are presented. The problems encountered and changes in the fabrication of the detectors that may improve the performance are discussed.

Date: May 1, 1986

Creator: Morel, J.R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Random numbers spring from alpha decay

Congruential random number generators, which are widely used in Monte Carlo simulations, are deficient in that the number they generate are concentrated in a relatively small number of hyperplanes. While this deficiency may not be a limitation in small Monte Carlo studies involving a few variables, it introduces a significant bias in large simulations requiring high resolution. This bias was recognized and assessed during preparations for an accident analysis study of nuclear power plants. This… more

Date: May 1, 1980

Creator: Frigerio, N. A.; Sanathanan, L. P.; Morley, M.; Clark, N. A. & Tyler, S. A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Californium-252 encapsulation at the Savannah River Laboratory

More than 1 g of the neutron-emitting isotope californium-252 has been encapsulated at SRL for worldwide medical, industrial, and research uses. Bulk sales packages have been prepared for the USDOE sales program since 1971. Doubly-encapsulated sources have been prepared for USDOE's market evaluation program since 1968. Californium-252 sources for loan and sales packages satisfy the criteria for Special Form Radioactive Material. Encapsulation is performed in special neutron-shielded containment… more

Date: January 1, 1980

Creator: Boulogne, A.R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Comparison of the U-233 dog data of Stevens et al. with uranium retention functions in ICRP Publication 30 and a 3-compartment mammillary model for uranium

Stevens measured the distribution, retention, and excretion of U-233 in seven beagles each given a single injection of U-233 citrate (2.8 ..mu..Ci/kg U-233 (VI) (approx.3 mg/dog)). These data, when plotted together with results obtained with the ICRP (Pub. 30) retention functions for purposes of comparison, are seen to differ only slightly from the ICRP-30 model. The number of transformations in the body, over a fifty-year period agree within a factor of 2. A three-compartment mammillary model … more

Date: January 1, 1983

Creator: S.R., Bernard

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Ceramic BeO exoelectron dosimeters for tritium and radon monitoring

An environmental monitoring device with BeO ceramic dosimeters can be used to measure /sup 222/Rn in dwellings. Radon diffuses into a porous hemispheric chamber and the radon daughters are electrostatically collected on aluminized Mylar foil covering the BeO dosimeter that records the alpha activity. A 10:1 signal-to-background ratio results from a radon exposure of only pCi-h/l. This high sensitivity makes accurate radon measurement possible within one day, even at near background levels of a … more

Date: January 1, 1979

Creator: Gammage, R.B.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Cost of processing fuel from a molten salt, fusion/fission, hybrid reactor blanket

A conceptual flowsheet was prepared for continuous processing of molten salt used as the blanket material for breeding tritium and fissile breeding material (/sup 233/U) in a fusion/fission hybrid reactor. The salt was assumed to be 70 mol % LiF, 12 mol % BeF/sub 2/, and 18 mol % ThF/sub 4/ which has a melting point of approx.530/sup 0/C. The hybrid reactor generates 3000 MWe, and the blanket contains 65 m/sup 3/ of the breeding salt. The molten salt processing system can be viewed as consistin… more

Date: January 1, 1985

Creator: Watson, J. S.; Grimes, W. R. & Brashears, D. E.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Advanced development of the spectrum sciences Model 5005-TF, single-event test fixture

This report summarizes the advanced development of the Spectrum Sciences Model 5005-TF, Single-Event Test Fixture. The Model 5005-TF uses a Californium-252 (Cf-252) fission-fragment source to test integrated circuits and other devices for the effects of single-event phenomena. Particle identification methods commonly used in high-energy physics research and nuclear engineering have been incorporated into the Model 5005-TF for estimating the particle charge, mass, and energy parameters. All sing… more

Date: September 1, 1990

Creator: Ackermann, M.R.; Browning, J.S. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA)); Hughlock, B.W. (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics Co., Seattle, WA (USA)); Lum, G.K. (Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, CA (USA)); Tsacoyeanes, W.C. (Draper (Charles Stark) Lab., Inc., Cambridge, MA (USA)) & Weeks, M.D. (Spectrum Sciences, Inc., Santa Clara, CA (USA))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Rapid estimation of /sup 226/Ra in soil for the Grand Junction RASA/UMTRA project

The Radiological Survey Activities (RASA) Group of the Health and Safety Research Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is an Inclusion Survey Contractor (ISC) for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program (UMTRAP). The purpose of the ISC is to survey designated sites potentially contaminated with radioactive material originating from the 24 inactive uranium mill sites and make recommendations as to whether the site should be included in or excluded from further consideration… more

Date: January 1, 1986

Creator: Kark, J.B.; Borak, T.B.; Kearney, P.D. & Rood, A.S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Americium-241: the most useful isotope of the actinide elements

Used extensively in nuclear gauges and in many other areas, this man-made element (Atomic Number 95) was first isolated in weighable amounts during World War II. Americium is now a very useful by-product of the nuclear industry and is produced in kilogram amounts by appropriate recovery, separation and purification processes. A review will be presented of its discovery, nuclear and chemical properties, and uses, with emphasis on its production process and separations chemistry.

Date: January 1, 1984

Creator: Navratil, J.D.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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/sup 252/Cf-source-driven neutron noise measurements of subcriticality for a slab tank containing aqueous Pu-U nitrate

In order to study nuclear criticality safety related to the development of fast breeder technology, /sup 252/Cf-source-driven neutron noise analysis measurements were performed with a Pu-U nitrate solution in a slab tank of various heights and thickness varying 11.43 cm to 19.05 cm. The results and conclusions of these experiments are (1) a capability to measure the subcriticality of a multiplying system of slab geometry to a k/sub eff/ as low as 0.7 was demonstrated, (2) calculated neutron mul… more

Date: August 1, 1987

Creator: Mihalczo, J.T.; Blakeman, E.D.; Ragan, G.E.; Kryter, R.C.; Robinson, R.C. & Seino, H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department