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in subjects: "Air-Conditioning"

open access

Overview of Vehicle Test and Analysis Results from NREL's A/C Fuel Use Reduction Research

This paper summarizes results of air-conditioning fuel use reduction technologies and techniques for light-duty vehicles evaluated over the last 10 years.

Date: June 1, 2007

Creator: Bharathan, D.; Chaney, L.; Farrington, R. B.; Lustbader, J.; Keyser, M. & Rugh, J. P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Measured energy savings and demand reduction from a reflective roof membrane on a large retail store in Austin

In this study, we measured and documented summertime air-conditioning (a/c) daily energy savings and demand reduction from a reflective roof membrane retrofit on a large retail store in Austin, Texas. The original black rubber membrane was replaced with white thermoplastic resulting in a decrease in the average maximum roof surface temperature from 168 degrees F (76 degrees C) to 126 degrees F (52 degrees C). This building, with 100,000ft2 (9300m2) of roof area, yielded 3.6Wh/ft2 (39Wh/m2) in a… more

Date: June 25, 2001

Creator: Konopacki, Steven J. & Akbari, Hashem

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Impact of Vehicle Air-Conditioning on Fuel Economy, Tailpipe Emissions, and Electric Vehicle Range: Preprint

Vehicle air-conditioning can significantly impact fuel economy and tailpipe emissions of conventional and hybrid electric vehicles and reduce electric vehicle range. In addition, a new US emissions procedure, called the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure, has provided the motivation for reducing the size of vehicle air-conditioning systems in the US. The SFTP will measure tailpipe emissions with the air-conditioning system operating. Current air-conditioning systems can reduce the fuel economy… more

Date: September 22, 2000

Creator: Farrington, R. & Rugh, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Opportunities to Reduce Air-Conditioning Loads Through Lower Cabin Soak Temperatures

Air-conditioning loads can significantly reduce electric vehicle (EV) range and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) fuel economy. In addition, a new U. S. emissions procedure, called the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP), has provided the motivation for reducing the size of vehicle air-conditioning systems in the United States. The SFTP will measure tailpipe emissions with the air-conditioning system operating. If the size of the air-conditioning system is reduced, the cabin soak temperature… more

Date: July 12, 1999

Creator: Farrington, R.; Cuddy, M.; Keyser, M. & Rugh, J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Role of Filtration in Maintaining Clean Heat Exchanger Coils

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the role of filtration in maintaining clean heat exchanger coils and overall performance. Combinations of 6 different levels of filtration (MERV 14, 11, 8, 6, 4, and no filter) and 4 different coils (an eight-row lanced-fin coil, HX8L), (an eight-row wavy-fin coil, HX8W), (a four-row lanced-fin coil, HX4L) and (a two-row lanced-fin coil, HX2L) were tested at 4 different air velocities (1.52, 2.03, 2.54,3.05 m/s (300, 400, 500, 600 ft/min)). The f… more

Date: June 30, 2004

Creator: Yang, Li; Braun, James E. & Groll, Eckhard A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Strategy Guideline: HVAC Equipment Sizing

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is arguably the most complex system installed in a house and is a substantial component of the total house energy use. A right-sized HVAC system will provide the desired occupant comfort and will run efficiently. This Strategy Guideline discusses the information needed to initially select the equipment for a properly designed HVAC system. Right-sizing of an HVAC system involves the selection of equipment and the design of the air dist… more

Date: February 1, 2012

Creator: Burdick, A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Recent Developments of the Modelica"Buildings" Library for Building Energy and Control Systems

At the Modelica 2009 conference, we introduced the Buildings library, a freely available Modelica library for building energy and control systems. This paper reports the updates of the library and presents example applications for a range of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Over the past two years, the library has been further developed. The number of HVAC components models has been doubled and various components have been revised to increase numerical robustness.The pa… more

Date: April 1, 2011

Creator: Wetter, Michael; Zuo, Wangda & Nouidui, Thierry Stephane

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Prediction of Air Conditioning Load Response for Providing Spinning Reserve - ORNL Report

This report assesses the use of air conditioning load for providing spinning reserve and discusses the barriers and opportunities. Air conditioning load is well suited for this service because it often increases during heavy load periods and can be curtailed for short periods with little impact to the customer. The report also provides an appendix describing the ambient temperature effect on air conditioning load.

Date: February 1, 2009

Creator: Kueck, John D; Kirby, Brendan J; Ally, Moonis Raza & Rice, C Keith

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

The Use of Water Vapor as a Refrigerant: Impact of Cycle Modifications on Commercial Viability

This project investigated the economic viability of using water as the refrigerant in a 1000-ton chiller application. The most attractive water cycle configuration was found to be a flash-intercooled, two-stage cycle using centrifugal compressors and direct contact heat exchangers. Component level models were developed that could be used to predict the size and performance of the compressors and heat exchangers in this cycle as well as in a baseline, R-134a refrigeration cycle consistent with c… more

Date: August 30, 2004

Creator: Brandon F. Lachner, Jr.; Nellis, Gregory F. & Reindl, Douglas T.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

[News Script: Fungus]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story about although it reads like the pages of a science fiction thriller, the story actually comes from a federal office building in downtown Dallas.

Date: June 18, 1974, 6:30 a.m.

Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)

Item Type: Script

Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections

open access

Energy Savings Calculations for Heat Island Reduction Strategies in Baton Rouge, Sacramento and Salt Lake City

In 1997, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the ''Heat Island Reduction Initiative'', to quantify the potential benefits of Heat Island Reduction (HIR) strategies (i.e., shade trees, reflective roofs, reflective pavements and urban vegetation) to reduce cooling energy use in buildings, lower the ambient air temperature and improve urban air quality in cities, and reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. Under this initiative, the Urban Heat Island Pilot Project (UHIPP) was … more

Date: March 1, 2000

Creator: Konopacki, S. & Akbari, H.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Expert Meeting Report: Achieving the Best Installed Performance from High-Efficiency Residential Gas Furnaces

This report describes a Building America expert meeting hosted on July 28, 2011, by the Partnership for Advanced Residential Retrofit team. The purpose of this meeting was to identify installation practices that provide the best installed efficiency for residential gas furnaces, explain how AFUE and field efficiency can differ, and investigate the impact of installation practices on the efficiency and long-term durability of the furnace.

Date: March 1, 2012

Creator: Brand, L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Vehicle Ancillary Load Reduction Project Close-Out Report: An Overview of the Task and a Compilation of the Research Results

The amount of fuel used for climate control in U.S. vehicles reduces the fuel economy of more than 200 million light-duty conventional vehicles and thus affects U.S. energy security. Researchers at the DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimated that the United States consumes about 7 billion gallons of fuel per year for air-conditioning (A/C) light-duty vehicles. Using a variety of tools, NREL researchers developed innovative techniques and technologies to reduce the amount of fuel need… more

Date: January 1, 2008

Creator: Rugh, J. & Farrington, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Impact of Solar Control PVB Glass on Vehicle Interior Temperatures, Air-Conditioning Capacity, Fuel Consumption, and Vehicle Range

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of Saflex1 S-series Solar Control PVB (polyvinyl butyral) configurations on conventional vehicle fuel economy and electric vehicle (EV) range. The approach included outdoor vehicle thermal soak testing, RadTherm cool-down analysis, and vehicle simulations. Thermal soak tests were conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Vehicle Testing and Integration Facility in Golden, Colorado. The test results quantified interior temperature… more

Date: April 1, 2013

Creator: Rugh, J.; Chaney, L.; Venson, T.; Ramroth, L. & Rose, M.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Evaluation Framework and Analyses for Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Packaged Air Conditioning

Few third-party guidance documents or tools are available for evaluating thermal energy storage (TES) integrated with packaged air conditioning (AC), as this type of TES is relatively new compared to TES integrated with chillers or hot water systems. To address this gap, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a project to improve the ability of potential technology adopters to evaluate TES technologies. Major project outcomes included: development of an evaluation fra… more

Date: October 1, 2013

Creator: Kung, F.; Deru, M. & Bonnema, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Field Demonstration of a High-Efficiency Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioning Unit at Fort Gordon, Augusta, GA

As part of a larger program targeting the market transformation of packaged rooftop air conditioning, five high-efficiency rooftop air conditioning products were selected in 2002 by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Unitary Air Conditioner (UAC) Technology Procurement (http://www.pnl.gov/uac). In February 2003, Fort Gordon in Augusta, Georgia was chosen as the demonstration site. With the goal of validating the field performance and operation of one of the awarded products, a 10-ton… more

Date: March 31, 2006

Creator: Armstrong, Peter R.; Sullivan, Gregory P. & Parker, Graham B.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Computer Modeling of the Vapor Compression Cycle with Constant Flow Area Expansion Device

Report issued by the National Bureau of Standards over studies conducted on vapor compression cycles. Methods of operation are discussed. This report includes graphs, illustrations, and photographs.

Date: May 1983

Creator: Domanski, Piotr & Didion, David A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

International Energy Agency Building Energy Simulation Test and Diagnostic Method for Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Equipment Models (HVAC BESTEST): Volume 2: Cases E300-E545.

This report documents an additional set of mechanical system test cases that are planned for inclusion in ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 140. The cases test a program's modeling capabilities on the working-fluid side of the coil, but in an hourly dynamic context over an expanded range of performance conditions. These cases help to scale the significance of disagreements that are less obvious in the steady-state cases. The report is Vol. 2 of HVAC BESTEST Volume 1. Volume 1 was limited to steady-state tes… more

Date: December 1, 2004

Creator: J., Neymark & Judkoff, R.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Fuel Savings and Emission Reductions from Next-Generation Mobile Air Conditioning Technology in India: Preprint

This paper quantifies the mobile air-conditioning fuel consumption of the typical Indian vehicle, exploring potential fuel savings and emissions reductions these systems for the next generation of vehicles.

Date: May 1, 2007

Creator: Chaney, L.; Thundiyil, K.; Chidambaram, S.; Abbi, Y. P. & Anderson, S.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Sampling Plan for Incoming Material Inspection at Sanden

Sanden international, an automobile air conditioning compressor manufacturer, was facing a problem in its incoming material inspection procedures. Although the company had designed and was using its own sampling plan, some managers and supervisors where not confident of its reliability. Sanden recently established a goal for its total number of defects per supplier as one part per million. Achievement of this target required reviews of the existing sampling plan. The purpose of this project was… more

Date: December 1995

Creator: Puntel, Luis

Item Type: Thesis or Dissertation

Partner: UNT Libraries

open access

Aluminum: Reflective Aluminum Chips

This fact sheet reveals how the use of reflective aluminum chips on rooftops cuts down significantly on heat absorption, thus decreasing the need for air conditioning. The benefits, including energy savings that could reach the equivalent of 1.3 million barrels of oil annually for approximately 100,000 warehouses, are substantial.

Date: January 29, 1999

Creator: Recca, L.

Item Type: Book

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands: A Global View

An important milestone was passed this year when the fraction of the world's population living in cities exceeded 50%. This shift from the countryside to urban areas is certain to continue and, for many, the destination will be large cities. Already there are over 400 cities with populations greater than one million inhabitants and twenty cities with populations greater than ten million inhabitants. With a growing fraction of the population living in an urban environment, the unique aspects of … more

Date: July 17, 2006

Creator: Meier, Alan

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Desiccant Dehumidification Wheel Test Guide

NREL's Desiccant Dehumidification Wheel Test Guide intends to facilitate execution of the new standards by certification labs and manufacturers. The Test Guide is a product of more than 20 years of experience gained at NREL's desiccant research facilities. It details practical experimental experience with rotary mass exchangers in relation to the standards and aims to develop testing expertise in industry quickly and cost effectively.

Date: January 25, 2001

Creator: Slayzak, S.J. & Ryan, J.P.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Application of Solar Energy to Air Conditioning Systems

The results of a survey of solar energy system applications of air conditioning are summarized. Techniques discussed are both solar powered (absorption cycle and the heat engine/ Rankine cycle) and solar related (heat pump). Brief descriptions of the physical implications of various air conditioning techniques, discussions of status, proposed technological improvements, methods of utilization and simulation models are presented, along with an extensive bibliography of related literature.

Date: November 1, 1976

Creator: M., Nash J. & J., Harstad A.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department