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Prediction of Air Conditioning Load Response for Providing Spinning Reserve - ORNL Report

Description: This report assesses the use of air conditioning load for providing spinning reserve and discusses the barriers and opportunities. Air conditioning load is well suited for this service because it often increases during heavy load periods and can be curtailed for short periods with little impact to the customer. The report also provides an appendix describing the ambient temperature effect on air conditioning load.
Date: February 1, 2009
Creator: Kueck, John D; Kirby, Brendan J; Ally, Moonis Raza & Rice, C Keith
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation Framework and Analyses for Thermal Energy Storage Integrated with Packaged Air Conditioning

Description: Few third-party guidance documents or tools are available for evaluating thermal energy storage (TES) integrated with packaged air conditioning (AC), as this type of TES is relatively new compared to TES integrated with chillers or hot water systems. To address this gap, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a project to improve the ability of potential technology adopters to evaluate TES technologies. Major project outcomes included: development of an evaluation fra… more
Date: October 1, 2013
Creator: Kung, F.; Deru, M. & Bonnema, E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fuel Savings and Emission Reductions from Next-Generation Mobile Air Conditioning Technology in India: Preprint

Description: This paper quantifies the mobile air-conditioning fuel consumption of the typical Indian vehicle, exploring potential fuel savings and emissions reductions these systems for the next generation of vehicles.
Date: May 1, 2007
Creator: Chaney, L.; Thundiyil, K.; Chidambaram, S.; Abbi, Y. P. & Anderson, S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Measured energy savings and demand reduction from a reflective roof membrane on a large retail store in Austin

Description: In this study, we measured and documented summertime air-conditioning (a/c) daily energy savings and demand reduction from a reflective roof membrane retrofit on a large retail store in Austin, Texas. The original black rubber membrane was replaced with white thermoplastic resulting in a decrease in the average maximum roof surface temperature from 168 degrees F (76 degrees C) to 126 degrees F (52 degrees C). This building, with 100,000ft2 (9300m2) of roof area, yielded 3.6Wh/ft2 (39Wh/m2) in a… more
Date: June 25, 2001
Creator: Konopacki, Steven J. & Akbari, Hashem
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Sampling Plan for Incoming Material Inspection at Sanden

Description: Sanden international, an automobile air conditioning compressor manufacturer, was facing a problem in its incoming material inspection procedures. Although the company had designed and was using its own sampling plan, some managers and supervisors where not confident of its reliability. Sanden recently established a goal for its total number of defects per supplier as one part per million. Achievement of this target required reviews of the existing sampling plan. The purpose of this project was… more
Date: December 1995
Creator: Puntel, Luis
Partner: UNT Libraries
open access

Aluminum: Reflective Aluminum Chips

Description: This fact sheet reveals how the use of reflective aluminum chips on rooftops cuts down significantly on heat absorption, thus decreasing the need for air conditioning. The benefits, including energy savings that could reach the equivalent of 1.3 million barrels of oil annually for approximately 100,000 warehouses, are substantial.
Date: January 29, 1999
Creator: Recca, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Countermeasures to Urban Heat Islands: A Global View

Description: An important milestone was passed this year when the fraction of the world's population living in cities exceeded 50%. This shift from the countryside to urban areas is certain to continue and, for many, the destination will be large cities. Already there are over 400 cities with populations greater than one million inhabitants and twenty cities with populations greater than ten million inhabitants. With a growing fraction of the population living in an urban environment, the unique aspects of … more
Date: July 17, 2006
Creator: Meier, Alan
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Application of Solar Energy to Air Conditioning Systems

Description: The results of a survey of solar energy system applications of air conditioning are summarized. Techniques discussed are both solar powered (absorption cycle and the heat engine/ Rankine cycle) and solar related (heat pump). Brief descriptions of the physical implications of various air conditioning techniques, discussions of status, proposed technological improvements, methods of utilization and simulation models are presented, along with an extensive bibliography of related literature.
Date: November 1, 1976
Creator: M., Nash J. & J., Harstad A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Recent Developments of the Modelica"Buildings" Library for Building Energy and Control Systems

Description: At the Modelica 2009 conference, we introduced the Buildings library, a freely available Modelica library for building energy and control systems. This paper reports the updates of the library and presents example applications for a range of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Over the past two years, the library has been further developed. The number of HVAC components models has been doubled and various components have been revised to increase numerical robustness.The pa… more
Date: April 1, 2011
Creator: Wetter, Michael; Zuo, Wangda & Nouidui, Thierry Stephane
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Review of solar cooling

Description: It is clear that there is a wide spectrum of potentially interesting methods for using solar energy for air conditioning, including many not mentioned in this brief review. Some of these have been extensively studied while some are still completely undeveloped. It is not clear at this time which of these various processes will find the widest application, or whether several of them will succeed in various climatic zones. The future of cooling is linked to component (collector and storage) devel… more
Date: January 1, 1976
Creator: Duffie, J. A. & Beckman, W. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
captions transcript

[News Clip: A/C repairs]

Description: Video footage from the KXAS-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, to accompany a news story.
Date: April 24, 1983, 5:00 p.m.
Duration: 1 minute 46 seconds
Creator: KXAS-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections
open access

Impact of Vehicle Air-Conditioning on Fuel Economy, Tailpipe Emissions, and Electric Vehicle Range: Preprint

Description: Vehicle air-conditioning can significantly impact fuel economy and tailpipe emissions of conventional and hybrid electric vehicles and reduce electric vehicle range. In addition, a new US emissions procedure, called the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure, has provided the motivation for reducing the size of vehicle air-conditioning systems in the US. The SFTP will measure tailpipe emissions with the air-conditioning system operating. Current air-conditioning systems can reduce the fuel economy… more
Date: September 22, 2000
Creator: Farrington, R. & Rugh, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Opportunities to Reduce Air-Conditioning Loads Through Lower Cabin Soak Temperatures

Description: Air-conditioning loads can significantly reduce electric vehicle (EV) range and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) fuel economy. In addition, a new U. S. emissions procedure, called the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP), has provided the motivation for reducing the size of vehicle air-conditioning systems in the United States. The SFTP will measure tailpipe emissions with the air-conditioning system operating. If the size of the air-conditioning system is reduced, the cabin soak temperature… more
Date: July 12, 1999
Creator: Farrington, R.; Cuddy, M.; Keyser, M. & Rugh, J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Role of Filtration in Maintaining Clean Heat Exchanger Coils

Description: The main purpose of the study was to investigate the role of filtration in maintaining clean heat exchanger coils and overall performance. Combinations of 6 different levels of filtration (MERV 14, 11, 8, 6, 4, and no filter) and 4 different coils (an eight-row lanced-fin coil, HX8L), (an eight-row wavy-fin coil, HX8W), (a four-row lanced-fin coil, HX4L) and (a two-row lanced-fin coil, HX2L) were tested at 4 different air velocities (1.52, 2.03, 2.54,3.05 m/s (300, 400, 500, 600 ft/min)). The f… more
Date: June 30, 2004
Creator: Yang, Li; Braun, James E. & Groll, Eckhard A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Vehicle Transient Air Conditioning Analysis: Model Development& System Optimization Investigations

Description: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a transient air conditioning (A/C) system model using SINDA/FLUINT analysis software. It captures all the relevant physics of transient A/C system performance, including two-phase flow effects in the evaporator and condenser, system mass effects, air side heat transfer on the condenser/evaporator, vehicle speed effects, temperature-dependent properties, and integration with a simplified cabin thermal model. It has demonstrated robust… more
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: Hendricks, T. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning: Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Controls to Improve Air-Handling System Performance

Description: The performance of air-handling systems in buildings needs to be improved. Many of the deficiencies result from myths and lore and a lack of understanding about the non-linear physical principles embedded in the associated technologies. By incorporating these principles, a few important efforts related to diagnostics and controls have already begun to solve some of the problems. This paper illustrates three novel solutions: one rapidly assesses duct leakage, the second configures ad hoc duct-st… more
Date: February 1, 2008
Creator: Wray, Craig; Wray, Craig P.; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, I. S.; Dickerhoff, D. J. & Federspiel, C. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Defining and Testing the Influence of Servo System Response on Machine Tool Compliance

Description: Compliance can be defined as the measurement of displacement per unit of force applied e.g. nano-meters per Newton (m/N). Compliance is the reciprocal of stiffness. High stiffness means low compliance and visa versa. It is an important factor in machine tool characteristics because it reflects the ability of the machine axis to maintain a desired position as it encounters a force or torque. Static compliance is a measurement made with a constant force applied e.g. the average depth of cut. Dyna… more
Date: March 24, 2004
Creator: Hopkins, D J
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Strategy Guideline: HVAC Equipment Sizing

Description: The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is arguably the most complex system installed in a house and is a substantial component of the total house energy use. A right-sized HVAC system will provide the desired occupant comfort and will run efficiently. This Strategy Guideline discusses the information needed to initially select the equipment for a properly designed HVAC system. Right-sizing of an HVAC system involves the selection of equipment and the design of the air dist… more
Date: February 1, 2012
Creator: Burdick, A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Control of Computer Room Air Conditioning using IT Equipment Sensors

Description: The goal of this demonstration was to show how sensors in IT equipment could be accessed and used to directly control computer room air conditioning. The data provided from the sensors is available on the IT network and the challenge for this project was to connect this information to the computer room air handler's control system. A control strategy was developed to enable separate control of the chilled water flow and the fans in the computer room air handlers. By using these existing sensors… more
Date: September 30, 2009
Creator: Bell, Geoffrey C.; Storey, Bill & Patterson, Michael K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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