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Rapid thermal processing of high-efficiency silicon solar cells with controlled in-situ annealing

Description: Silicon solar cell efficiencies of 17.1%, 16.4%, 14.8%, and 14.9% have been achieved on FZ, Cz, multicrystalline (mc-Si), and dendritic web (DW) silicon, respectively, using simplified, cost-effective rapid thermal processing (RTP). These represent the highest reported efficiencies for solar cells processed with simultaneous front and back diffusion with no conventional high-temperature furnace steps. Appropriate diffusion temperature coupled with the added in-situ anneal resulted in suitable m… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Doshi, P.; Rohatgi, A.; Ropp, M.; Chen, Z.; Ruby, D. & Meier, D. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solar photochemistry - twenty years of progress, what`s been accomplished, and where does it lead?

Description: It has been more than 20 years since the first oil embargo. That event created an awareness of the need for alternative sources of energy and renewed interest in combining sunlight and chemistry to produce the chemicals and materials required by industry. This paper will review approaches that have been taken, progress that has been made, and give some projections for the near and longer term prospects for commercialization of solar photochemistry.
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Blake, D M
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology - Phase 2a. Annual Subcontract Report, May 1, 1993--April 30, 1994

Description: Utility Power Group (UPG), and its lower-tier subcontractor, Advanced Photovoltaic Systems, Inc. (APS) have conducted efforts in developing their manufacturing lines. UPG has focused on the automation of encapsulation and termination processes developed in Phase I. APS has focused on completion of the encapsulation and module design tasks, while continuing the process and quality control and automation projects. The goal is to produce 55 watt (stabilized) EP50 modules in a new facility. In the … more
Date: January 1995
Creator: Duran, G.; Mackamul, K. & Metcalf, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A statistical analysis of the effect of PECVD deposition parameters on surface and bulk recombination in silicon solar cells

Description: We have performed a statistically designed multiparameter experiment using response surface methodology to determine the optimum deposition and anneal conditions for PECVD silicon-oxide and silicon-nitride films on Si solar cells. Our process includes a unique in situ hydrogen plasma treatment to promote bulk defect passivation independently of surface effects. Our goal has been to define a process to optimize cell performance by minimizing recombination while also providing an effective antire… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Ruby, D. S.; Wilbanks, W. L. & Fleddermann, C. B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Technical status of the Dish/Stirling Joint Venture Program

Description: Initiated in 1991; the Dish/Stirling Joint Venture Program (DSJVP) is a 5-year, $17.2 million joint venture which is funded by Cummins Power Generation, Inc. (CPG) of Columbus, Indiana and the United States Department of Energy`s (DOE) Solar Thermal and Biomass Power Division. Sandia National Laboratories administers and provides technical management for this contract on the DOE`s behalf. In January, 1995; CPG advanced to Phase 3 of this three-phase contract. The objective of the DSJVP is to de… more
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Bean, John R. & Diver, Richard B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of a photovoltaic module energy ratings methodology

Description: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has begun work on developing a consensus-based approach to rating photovoltaic modules. This new approach was intended to address the limitations of the defacto standard module power rating at standard test conditions. Using technical input from a number of sources, and under the guidance of an industry-based technical review committee, the approach described in this paper was developed. The Module Energy Rating (MER) consists of 10 estimates of how much… more
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Kroposki, B.; Mrig, L.; Whitaker, C. & Newmiller, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The future of amorphous silicon photovoltaic technology

Description: Amorphous silicon modules are commercially available. They are the first truly commercial thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices. Well-defined production processes over very large areas (>1 m{sup 2}) have been implemented. There are few environmental issues during manufacturing, deployment in the field, or with the eventual disposal of the modules. Manufacturing safety issues are well characterized and controllable. The highest measured initial efficiency to date is 13.7% for a small triple-stacke… more
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Crandall, R. & Luft, W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proceedings of the Nineteenth DOE Solar Photochemistry Research Conference

Description: This document is a compilation of reports presented at the Nineteenth DOE Solar Photochemistry Research Conference. Sessions included photophysical properties of transition metal complexes, cage effects on photochemistry, charge transfer, photo-induced charge separation in biomimetic molecules, photosynthesis, and electron transfer.
Date: July 1, 1995
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Research on the stability, electronic properties, and structure of a-Si:H and its alloys. Final subcontract report, 1 June 1991--31 May 1994

Description: The authors research has focused on defect metastability and a-Si:C:H alloys. A new aspect of the metastability is the growing interest in the defect recovery process. They have continued to explore the role of hydrogen in the metastability and other properties of a-Si:H. This has led them to perform first principles calculations of Si-H bonding configurations. Another new feature of the metastability work is the study of the effects in hydrogenated poly-silicon. They have grown and studied the… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Jackson, W.B.; Johnson, N.; Nickel, N.; Schumm, G.; Street, R.A.; Thompson, R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Colorado State University Program for Developing, Testing, Evaluating, and Optimizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems. Project Status Report, June 1994--July 1994

Description: This report describes integrated tank/heat exchanger modeling and experiments. Experiments were performed on a Rheem wrap-around 80 gallon electric hot water heater tank with the bottom heating element replaced by a 120 feet long coil of copper tubing wrapped around the outside lower half of the tank. The bottom two-thirds of the tank is heated by hot antifreeze circulating from the solar collector through the copper coil. Results are discussed.
Date: September 1, 1995
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Simulation of the part-load behavior of a 30 MWe SEGS plant

Description: The part-load behavior of a typical 30-MWe SEGS (solar electric generating systems) plant was studied using a detailed thermodynamic model. As part of this analysis, a new solar field model was derived, based on measurement results of an LS-2 Collector and accounting for various conditions of receiver tubes, lost mirrors and measured reflectivity. A comparison was made of the model results to real plant conditions for a winter and summer day in order to test the accuracy of the model. The effec… more
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Lippke, F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Atomic-scale characterization of hydrogenated amorphous-silicon films and devices. Annual subcontract report, 14 February 1994--14 April 1995

Description: Properties of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films used in photovoltaic (PV) panels are reported. The atomic-scale topology of the surface of intrinsic a-Si:H films, measured by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) as a function of film thickness, are reported and diagnosed. For 1-500-nm-thick films deposited under normal device-quality conditions from silane discharges, most portions of these surfaces are uniformly hilly without indications of void regions. However, the STM images … more
Date: August 1, 1995
Creator: Gallagher, A.; Tanenbaum, D.; Laracuente, A. & Jelenkovic, B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solar variability observed through changes in solar limb-darkening function and mean diameter. Final report, February 1, 1987--August 31, 1993

Description: The advantages of a dedicated, ground-based observatory over measurements from spacecraft are its relative adaptability, ease of maintenance, and low cost. However, groundbased observations must contend with problems introduced by observing through the Ear-th`s atmosphere and by changes in the long-term stability of the observing instrument. Both of these problems have been addressed at SCLERA and currently pose no limitation of solar diameter measurements at the parts-per-n-tillion level. The … more
Date: May 31, 1995
Creator: Hill, H.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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User`s manual for TMY2s: Derived from the 1961--1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base

Description: This report is a user`s manual that describes typical meteorological year (TMY) data sets derived from the 1961-1990 National Solar Radiation Data Base. The TMY is a data set of hourly values of solar radiation and meteorological elements for a 1-year period. The intended use if for computer simulations of solar energy conversion systems and building systems. Section 1 of the manual provides general information about the TMYs; Section 2 lists the stations and provides station identifying inform… more
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Marion, W. & Urban, K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaic balance-of-system designs and costs at PVUSA

Description: This report is one in a series of 1994-1995 PVUSA reports that document PVUSA lessons learned at demonstration sites in California and Texas. During the last 7 years (1988 to 1994), 16 PV systems ranging from 20 kW to 500 kW have been installed. Six 20-kW emerging module technology (EMT) arrays and three turnkey (i.e., vendor designed and integrated) utility-scale systems were procured and installed at PVUSA`s main test site in Davis, California. PVUSA host utilities have installed a total of s… more
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Reyes, A.B. & Jennings, C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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National electrical code changes for 1996 and USA participation in International Energy Agency activities related to photovoltaics safety and grid interconnection

Description: As photovoltaic (PV) systems gain more acceptance in utility-interactive applications throughout the world, many organizations are placing increasingly higher priorities on writing guidelines, codes and standards. These guidelines and codes are being written to improve safety, installation, acceptance, listing or certification of the PV components or systems. Sandia National Laboratories` PV System Applications Department is working closely with the PV industry to address issues that are associ… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Bower, W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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International Energy Agency building energy simulation test (BESTEST) and diagnostic method

Description: This is a report on the Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTEST) project conducted by the Model Evaluation and Improvement International Energy Agency (IEA) Experts Group. The group was composed of experts from the Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programme, Task 12 Subtask B, and the Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (BCS) Programme, Annex 21 Subtask C. Recognizing that the needs for model evaluation were similar in both IEA programmes, the combined Experts Group was appro… more
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Judkoff, R. & Neymark, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design, fabrication, and testing of a sodium evaporator for the STM4-120 kinematic Stirling engine

Description: This report describes the development and testing of a compact heat-pipe heat exchanger kW(e) designed to transfer thermal energy from hot combustion gases to the heater tubes of a 25-kW(e) Stirling engine. In this system, sodium evaporates from a surface that is heated by a stream of hot gases. The liquid metal then condenses on the heater tubes of a Stirling engine, where energy is transferred to the engine`s helium working fluid. Tests on a prototype unit illustrated that a compact (8 cm {ti… more
Date: May 1, 1995
Creator: Rawlinson, K.S. & Adkins, D.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Test report on the Abacus 30 kW bimode{reg_sign} inverter and maximum power tracker (MPT)

Description: Sandia National Laboratories conducts the photovoltaic balance of systems (BOS) program, which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management. Under this program, SNL lets commercialization contracts and conducts a laboratory program designed to advance BOS technology, improve BOS component reliability, and reduce the BOS life-cycle-cost. This report details the testing of the first large US manufactured hybrid inverter and its associated maximum power tracker.
Date: June 1, 1995
Creator: Bonn, R.; Ginn, J. & Zirzow, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Photovoltaics for utility scale applications (PVUSA): Phase 2. First technical report 1995

Description: This report summarizes system performance and major project activities over the first four months of 1995. The quarterly technical reports that have been issued for the past several years are being replaced this year by two technical reports covering the January--April and May--August periods, respectively. Performance data for the last four months of the year will be included in the 1995 Progress Report. Principal activities during the first four months of 1995 included bringing two new system… more
Date: August 1, 1995
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Using artificial neural networks to predict the performance of a liquid metal reflux solar receiver: Preliminary results

Description: Three and four-layer backpropagation artificial neural networks have been used to predict the power output of a liquid metal reflux solar receiver. The networks were trained using on-sun test data recorded at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The preliminary results presented in this paper are a comparison of how different size networks train on this particular data. The results give encouragement that it will be possible to predict output power of a liquid metal receiver… more
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Fowler, M.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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PVUSA procurement, acceptance, and rating practices for photovoltaic power plants

Description: This report is one in a series of PVUSA reports on PVUSA experiences and lessons learned at the demonstration sites in Davis and Kerman, California, and from participating utility host sites. During the course of approximately 7 years (1988--1994), 10 PV systems have been installed ranging from 20 kW to 500 kW. Six 20-kW emerging module technology arrays, five on universal project-provided structures and one turnkey concentrator, and four turnkey utility-scale systems (200 to 500 kW) were insta… more
Date: September 1, 1995
Creator: Dows, R. N. & Gough, E. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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