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in subjects: "055000 -- Nuclear Fuels-- Safeguards, Inspection, & Accountability"

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Metal detector technology data base

The tests described in this report were conducted to obtain information on the effects target characteristics have on portal type metal detector response. A second purpose of the tests was to determine the effect of detector type and settings on the detection of the targets. Although in some cases comparison performance of different types and makes of metal detectors is found herein, that is not the primary purpose of the report. Further, because of the many variables that affect metal detector… more

Date: August 1, 1990

Creator: Porter, L. K.; Gallo, L. R. & Murray, D. W.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Stellar Systems Inc. Series 800/5000 E-Field sensor evaluation

This report concerns the evaluation of the Stellar Systems Inc. E-Field intrusion detection system Series 800 control unit and the 5000 Series hardware components. Included are functional descriptions, installation procedures, testing procedures, and testing/operational results. 35 figs.

Date: August 1, 1990

Creator: Follis, R.L.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Using detection and deterrence to reduce insider risk

This paper addresses a new concept of interaction between adversary detection and deterrence. It provides an initial evaluation of the effects of these variables on the risk of theft of special nuclear material by an insider adversary and can be extended to the sabotage threat. A steady-state risk equation is used. Exercises with this equation show that deterrence, resulting from the prospect of detection, has a greater ability to reduce the risk than the detection exercise itself. This is true… more

Date: June 1, 1988

Creator: Eggers, R F; Carlson, R L & Udell, C J

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Vindicator ETW-250 test report

The Vindicator ETW-250 taut wire system combines a physical taut wire barrier with an intrusion detection sensor network. The sensor wires deter and/or slow physical entry into protected areas. The sensors themselves generate an alarm if the sensor wires are pulled, spread, cut, or climbed on. This physical motion is converted into an electrical waveform that is analyzed by the processor. The processor then determines if this motion is within the pre-programmed parameters. If it is not, an alar… more

Date: May 1, 1990

Creator: Greer, G.S.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Systems Analysis for Material Control and Accountancy Technology (SAMCAT)

The Systems Analysis for Material Control and Accountancy Technology (SAMCAT) is an interactive computer-based management system developed for the Department of Energy Office of Safeguards and Security, to assist in defining and prioritizing measurement upgrades programs for Material Control and Accountancy (MC A). The accountancy upgrades options evaluated by SAMCAT in this study are: (1) improvement of the uncertainties in the SNM measurement methods, (2) reduction of throughputs and/or inven… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Persiani, P. J.; Bucher, R. G.; Rothman, A. B. & Cha, B. K.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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An approach to safeguards for a nuclear materials plant

This paper discusses a safeguards system that could be employed for a hypothetical nuclear material processing or production facility. The approach results in an integrated system of accountability measurements and nuclear materials control measures designed to monitor the storage, processing, and transfer of nuclear materials as well as placing adequate restraints upon personnel movement. It is the goal for every safeguards system, whether planned for a new facility or to be overlaid upon an e… more

Date: January 1, 1990

Creator: Zack, N. R.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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International safeguards without material balance areas

Recently altered perceptions of the role of the non-proliferation regime, as well as continued IAEA funding constraints, suggest a need to re-examine the fundamentals of IAEA verification strategy. This paper suggests that abandoning certain material balance area (MBA) related concepts that nominally form the basic framework of full-scope'' safeguards would result in a more flexible inspection regime. The MBA concept applied in the domestic context enables a national authority to localize losse… more

Date: January 1, 1992

Creator: Sanborn, J. B.; Mingshih, Lu & Indusi, J. P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Technology transfer significance of the International Safeguards Project Office

The safeguards implemented by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are of major importance to the non-proliferation objectives of the United States of America and other nations of the world. Assurance of safeguards effectiveness is mandatory to continued peaceful use of nuclear power. To enhance the ability of the IAEA to apply safeguards effectively, and to ensure that the IAEA does not lack technical assistance in critical areas, the US Congress has made available a special authoriza… more

Date: June 1, 1988

Creator: Marcuse, W. & Waligura, A.J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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The role of quality assurance in implementing measurements and measurement control requirements

The need for specific functions/operations to meet specific requirements of multiple DOE orders has a tendency to result in redundant administrative systems. With respect to Quality Assurance (QA), it is not uncommon to determine what must be done to accomplish a specific mission, and then determine what additional actions are necessary to meet QA requirements. To maximize effectiveness, QA must be incorporated into, and become an integral part of, mission methodology. QA should and can be an e… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Dorsett, R S

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Safeguards Effectiveness Evaluations in Safeguards Planning

This paper describes analytic tools we developed to quantify the effectiveness of safeguards against theft of special nuclear material by insiders. These tools help identify vulnerabilities in existing safeguards, suggest potential improvements, and help assess the benefits of these upgrades prior to implementation. Alone, these tools are not sufficient for safeguards planning, since the cost of implementing all suggested upgrades almost always exceeds the available resources. This paper descri… more

Date: December 3, 1987

Creator: Al-Ayat, R. A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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NDA accountability measurement needs in the DOE plutonium community

The purpose of this first ATEX report is to identify the twenty most vital nondestructive assay (NDA) accountability measurement needs in the DOE plutonium community to DOE and to contractor safeguards RandD managers in order to promote resolution of these needs. During 1987, ATEX identified sixty NDA accountability measurement problems, many of which were common to each of the DOE sites considered. These sixty problems were combined into twenty NDA accountability measurement needs that exist w… more

Date: August 31, 1988

Creator: Ostenak, C.A.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Resolving inventory differences

Determining the cause of an inventory difference (ID) that exceeds warning or alarm limits should not only involve investigation into measurement methods and reexamination of the model assumptions used in the calculation of the limits, but also result in corrective actions that improve the quality of the accountability measurements. An example illustrating methods used by Savannah River Site (SRS) personnel to resolve an ID is presented that may be useful to other facilities faced with a simila… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Weber, J.H. & Clark, J.P.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Guide to the selection, training, and licensing or certification of reprocessing plant operators. Volume II. Second volume of ORNL/TM--5323

A step-by-step description is presented of typical fuel reprocessing operations together with controls and utility systems that support these operations. (JSR)

Date: June 1, 1976

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Guide to the selection, training, and licensing or certification of reprocessing plant operators. Volume I

The Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 55, establishes procedures and criteria for the licensing of operators, including senior operators, in ''Production and Utilization Facilities'', which includes plants for reprocessing irradiated fuel. A training guide is presented which will facilitate the licensing of operators for nuclear reprocessing plants by offering generalized descriptions of the basic principles (theory) and the unit operations (mechanics) employed in … more

Date: June 1, 1976

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Implementation of isotope correlation technique for safeguards

The isotopic correlation technique (ICT) is based on the fundamental physics principle that the isotopic compositions of nuclear material in the fuel cycle systems contain information regarding the design and history of nuclear material flow from fuel fabrication, reactor operation, and through input to the reprocessing plant. Isotopic Correlation in conjunction with the gravimetric (or Pu/U) method for mass determination can be developed to provide an independent in-field verification of the r… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Persiani, P. J. & Bucher, R. G.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Calorimetry measurements in less than 20 minutes

Argonne National Laboratory has developed a new series of 10 watt Bulk Plutonium Assay Calorimeters (BPAC10). The calorimeter measures bulk samples of plutonium bearing material in containers up to 5in. in diameter and 7in. high. The average measurement time is 19.7 minutes compared to 2--9 hours for the same sample measured in a water bath calorimeter. Measurement precision in the range of 1--10 watts is 1% to 0.1% and it is 0.010 watt for sample power less than 1 watt. BPAC10 series calorimet… more

Date: January 1, 1991

Creator: Perry, R. B. & Cremers, T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Randomization of inspections

As the numbers and complexity of nuclear facilities increase, limitations on resources for international safeguards may restrict attainment of safeguards goals. One option for improving the efficiency of limited resources is to expand the current inspection regime to include random allocation of the amount and frequency of inspection effort to material strata or to facilities. This paper identifies the changes in safeguards policy, administrative procedures, and operational procedures that woul… more

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Markin, J.T.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Interior intrusion detection systems

The purpose of this NUREG is to present technical information that should be useful to NRC licensees in designing interior intrusion detection systems. Interior intrusion sensors are discussed according to their primary application: boundary-penetration detection, volumetric detection, and point protection. Information necessary for implementation of an effective interior intrusion detection system is presented, including principles of operation, performance characteristics and guidelines for d… more

Date: October 1, 1991

Creator: Rodriguez, J.R.; Matter, J.C. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)) & Dry, B. (BE, Inc., Barnwell, SC (United States))

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Training course on nuclear material safeguards for enrichment plants, Vienna, Austria, November 14--18, 1988: Report of foreign travel

J. N. Cooley, manager, Safeguards Studies Department; E. Von Halle, head, Technical Resources Section; and D. W. Swindle, Jr., director, International Technology Programs Division, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., traveled to Vienna, Austria, November 9--20, 1988, to conduct a 5-day uranium enrichment safeguards training course for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The course was developed and conducted by Energy Systems for the IAEA through the US. Program for Technical Assis… more

Date: February 1, 1989

Creator: Cooley, J.N.; Swindle, D.W. Jr. & Von Halle, E.

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

open access

Nuclear material safeguards for enrichments plants: Part 4, Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plant: Diversion scenarios and IAEA safeguards activities: Safeguards training course

This publication is Part 4 of a safeguards training course in Nuclear Material Safeguards for enrichment plants. This part of the course deals with diversion scenarios and safeguards activities at gas centrifuge enrichment plants.

Date: October 1, 1988

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Fundamentals of materials accounting for nuclear safeguards

Materials accounting is essential to providing the necessary assurance for verifying the effectiveness of a safeguards system. The use of measurements, analyses, records, and reports to maintain knowledge of the quantities of nuclear material present in a defined area of a facility and the use of physical inventories and materials balances to verify the presence of special nuclear materials are collectively known as materials accounting for nuclear safeguards. This manual, prepared as part of t… more

Date: April 1, 1989

Creator: Pillay, K.K.S. (comp.)

Item Type: Report

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Security features of a nuclear material accounting system

The Los Alamos Nuclear Material Accounting and Safeguards System (MASS) is a near-real-time accountability system for bulk materials, discrete items, and material undergoing dynamic processing. MASS has evolved from an eighty-column card based process control system to a very sophisticated computer system. The security of the MASS computer system is provide through various access controls. There are two kinds of access control to be addressed. They are physical access control to the hardware wh… more

Date: January 1, 1988

Creator: Erkkila, B. H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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Role of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safeguards in confidence building

In this paper, I will examine some attributes of confidence building and connect them with how the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) interacts with its member states in carrying out its safeguards function. These interactions and the structure set up to define them help maintain and strengthen confidence between the IAEA and the member states and among these states. 3 refs.

Date: January 1, 1989

Creator: Augustson, R.H.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department

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An overview of measurement methods for special nuclear material in spent nuclear fuel

Summary results from a survey of nondestructive assay measurement methods applicable to the measurement of the special nuclear material content of spent nuclear fuel are described. The role of nuclear materials measurements in the domestic and international safeguarding of spent nuclear fuel in the United States' federal waste management system has yet to be determined. An understanding of the characteristics and capabilities of the potentially applicable measurement systems should provide valu… more

Date: July 1, 1989

Creator: Moran, B. W. & Reich, W. J.

Item Type: Article

Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department