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A Study of Decontamination Agents for Use in the Yankee Reactor

Description: A study of chemical decontamination agents for possible use in the Yankee Reactor is presented. The necessity for chemical decontamination is discussed along with the properties sought in an ideal cleaning solution. A survey of available decontamination information is presented together with a description of the experimental test progam carried out at the Westinghouse Atomic Power Department in an effort to develop new and improved chemical methods for the removal of oxide scals and radioactive… more
Date: November 1, 1958
Creator: Watkins, R. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Performance of smokeless gasoline fire test facility. [Shipping casks]

Description: Packaging for radioactive materials must perform satisfactorily when subjected to temperatures simulating an accident involving a fire. The new thermal test facility has proved to be a reliable method for satisfactorily performing the required test. The flame provides sufficient heat to assure that the test is valid, and the temperature can be controlled satisfactorily. Also, the air and water mist systems virtually eliminate any smoke and thereby exceed the local EPA requirements. The combinat… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Griffin, J. F. & Watkins, R. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PACKAGING TORQUE REQUIREMENTS COMPLIANCE

Description: Shipping containers used to transport radioactive material (RAM) in commerce employ a variety of closure mechanisms. Often, these closure mechanisms require a specific amount of torque be applied to a bolt, nut or other threaded fastener. It is important that the required preload is achieved so that the package testing and analysis is not invalidated for the purpose of protecting the public. Torque compliance is a means of ensuring closure preload, is a major factor in accomplishing the package… more
Date: March 24, 2011
Creator: Watkins, R. & Leduc, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ELUCIDATING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONSITE AND OFFSITE SHIPMENT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

Description: Federal regulations stipulate how radioactive materials are transported within the United States. However, the Department of Energy, under Department of Energy Order, has the authority to operate, within the boundaries of their physical site, to other stipulations. In many cases the DOE sites have internal reviews for onsite transfers that rival reviews performed by the regulatory authorities for offsite shipments. Most of the differences are in the level or type of packaging that is required, … more
Date: June 19, 2013
Creator: Loftin, B. & Watkins, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

DEMONSTRATION OF EQUIVALENCY OF CANE AND SOFTWOOD BASED CELOTEX FOR MODEL 9975 SHIPPING PACKAGES

Description: Cane-based Celotex{trademark} has been used extensively in various Department of Energy (DOE) packages as a thermal insulator and impact absorber. Cane-based Celotex{trademark} fiberboard was only manufactured by Knight-Celotex Fiberboard at their Marrero Plant in Louisiana. However, Knight-Celotex Fiberboard shut down their Marrero Plant in early 2007 due to impacts from hurricane Katrina and other economic factors. Therefore, cane-based Celotex{trademark} fiberboard is no longer available for… more
Date: May 27, 2008
Creator: Watkins, R & Jason Varble, J
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Shipping container for tritiated water

Description: A reusable shipping container for Type B and large quantities of tritiated water has been designed and tested at Mound Facility. An inner and an outer container are used for shipping up to 100,000 Ci of tritium in water absorbed on molecular sieve, silica gel or commercial clay absorbent. The package is commonly called configuration-5 of the model AL-M1 shipping containers. It is the newest member of the AL-M1 family which currently also includes configurations 1 and 3. These other configuratio… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Watkins, R. A.; Rhinehammer, T. B. & Griffin, J. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

NEPTUNIUM OXIDE PROCESSING

Description: The Savannah River Site's HB-Line Facility completed a campaign in which fifty nine cans of neptunium oxide were produced and shipped to the Idaho National Laboratory in the 9975 shipping container. The neptunium campaign was divided into two parts: Part 1 which consisted of oxide made from H-Canyon neptunium solution which did not require any processing prior to conversion into an oxide, and Part 2 which consisted of oxide made from additional H-Canyon neptunium solutions which required proces… more
Date: May 27, 2009
Creator: Jordan, J; Watkins, R & Hensel, S
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Packaging and Transportation of Additional Neptunium Oxide

Description: The Savannah River Site's HB-Line Facility completed a second neptunium oxide production campaign in which nine (9) additional cans of neptunium oxide were produced and shipped to the Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 9975 shipping container. These additional cans were from a different feed solution than the first fifty (50) cans of neptunium oxide that were previously produced and shipped via a Letter of Amendment to the 9975 Safety Analysis Report for Packagin… more
Date: May 5, 2010
Creator: Watkins, R.; Jordan, J. & Hensel, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

NEW APPROACH TO ADDRESSING GAS GENERATION IN RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PACKAGING

Description: Safety Analysis Reports for Packaging (SARP) document why the transportation of radioactive material is safe in Type A(F) and Type B shipping containers. The content evaluation of certain actinide materials require that the gas generation characteristics be addressed. Most packages used to transport actinides impose extremely restrictive limits on moisture content and oxide stabilization to control or prevent flammable gas generation. These requirements prevent some users from using a shipping … more
Date: June 25, 2009
Creator: Watkins, R; Leduc, D & Askew, N
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Using a Risk-Based Methodology for the Transfer of Radioactive Material Within the Savannah River Site Boundary

Description: Shipment of radioactive materials (RAM) is discussed in the Code of Federal Regulations in parts of both 49 CFR and 10 CFR. The regulations provide the requirements and rules necessary for the safe shipment of RAM across public highways, railways, waterways, and through the air. These shipments are sometimes referred to as in-commerce shipments. Shipments of RAM entirely within the boundaries of Department of Energy sites, such as the Savannah River Site (SRS), can be made using methodology all… more
Date: June 3, 2010
Creator: Loftin, B.; Watkins, R. & Loibl, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Authorizing the Dot Specification 6m Packaging for Continued Use at the Savannah River Site

Description: The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Specification 6M packaging was in extensive use for more than 40 years for in-commerce shipments of Type B quantities of fissile and radioactive material (RAM) across the USA, among the Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, and between facilities in the DOE production complex. In January 2004, the DOT Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) Agency issued a final rule in the Federal Register to ammend requirements in the Hazardous Materi… more
Date: March 4, 2010
Creator: Watkins, R.; Loftin, B. & Hoang, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Repackaging of Two Bulged Crimp Sealed Cans Containing Plutonium Bearing Materials

Description: Two cans containing plutonium bearing materials were found during radiography surveillance activities to be bulged. The cans had been stored in DOT 6M shipping containers at the Savannah River Site. The material in the first can (Item CZA96-179) was packaged can/bag/can configuration with the inner and outer cans being crimp sealed. The crimp sealed innermost can was clearly deformed from the radiography picture taken for surveillance purposes. This material had been stored in the shipping cont… more
Date: April 29, 2003
Creator: Watkins, R. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

TYPE B RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PACKAGE FAILURE MODES AND CONTENTS COMPLIANCE

Description: Type B radioactive material package failures can occur due to any one of the following: inadequate design, manufacture, and maintenance of packages, load conditions beyond those anticipated in the regulations, and improper package loading and operation. The rigorous package design evaluations performed in the certification process, robust package manufacture quality assurance programs, and demanding load conditions prescribed in the regulations are all well established. This paper focuses on th… more
Date: February 21, 2007
Creator: Watkins, R; Steve Hensel, S & Allen Smith, A
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF NEPTUNIUM OXIDE

Description: The Savannah River Site's HB-Line Facility completed a campaign in which fifty (50) cans of neptunium oxide were produced and shipped to the Idaho National Laboratory in the 9975 shipping container. This shipping campaign involved the addition of neptunium oxide to the 9975 Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) as a new content and subsequently a Letter of Amendment to the SARP content table. This paper will address the proper steps which should be taken to add a new content table to a SA… more
Date: March 3, 2009
Creator: Watkins, R; Steve Hensel, S & Jeffrey Jordan, J
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

ONSITE TRANSPORTATION AUTHORIZATION CHALLENGES AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER SITE

Description: Prior to 2008, transfers of radioactive material within the Savannah River Site (SRS) boundary, referred to as onsite transfers, were authorized by Transportation Safety Basis (TSB) documents that only required approval by the SRS contractor. This practice was in accordance with the existing SRS Transportation Safety Document (TSD). In 2008 the Department of Energy Savannah River Field Office (DOE-SR) requested that the SRS TSD be revised to require DOE-SR approval of all Transportation Safety … more
Date: May 30, 2012
Creator: Watkins, R.; Loftin, B.; Hoang, D. & Maxted, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

EcoSys{trademark}: Supporting Green Design through an extensible life cycle analysis approach

Description: EcoSys is an environmental decision support tool to assist in the design of green products and process. EcoSys consist of an information and expert system that contains input from experts in products, processes and the environment as well as a flexible, goal driven, rule based decision model that can accommodate many environmental management perspectives. This includes allowing specific users to specify weighting factors for the impact decision model. This tool is extensible in that it can be u… more
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Gockel, B. C.; Watkins, R. D. & Kleban, S. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) for USA/9506/BLF (DOE-AL)

Description: The Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) satisfies the request of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration for a formal safety analysis of the insulated drum shipping container identified as USA/9506/BLF(DOE-A1). Included are discussions of structural integrity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding and radiological safety, nuclear criticality safety, and quality control. Complete physical and technical descriptions of the packages are presented.
Date: November 11, 1977
Creator: Watkins, R. A.; Bertram, R. E.; Blauvelt, R. K.; Griffin, J. F.; Peterson, J. B. & Prosser, D. L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP): USA/9507/BLF (ERDA--AL), Model AL-M1. [Configurations 1, 3, and 5]

Description: The SARP includes structural integrity, thermal resistance, radiation shielding and radiological safety, nuclear criticality safety, and quality control of three insulated drum shipping containers identified as USA/9507/BLF (ERDA-AL), also called AL-M1, configurations 1, 3, and 5. Complete physical and technical descriptions of the packages are presented. Each package consists of an inner container centered within an insulated steel drum. The contents are plutonium-239 and uranium-235 in config… more
Date: September 30, 1977
Creator: Watkins, R. A.; Bertram, R. E.; Blauvelt, R. K.; Edling, D. A.; Flanagan, T. M.; Griffin, J. F. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

How clean is clean: Non-destructive/direct methods of flux, residue detection

Description: The feasibility of three different non-destructive and direct methods of evaluating PCB (printed circuit boards) cleanliness was demonstrated. The detection limits associated with each method were established. In addition, the pros and cons of these methods as routine quality control inspection tools were discussed. OSEE (Optically Stimulated Electron Emission) was demonstrated to be a sensitive technique for detection of low levels of flux residues on insulating substances. However, future wor… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Welch, C. S.; Ray, U.; Stallard, B. R.; Watkins, R. D.; Koch, M. W. & Moya, M. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Interactions at glass-ceramic to metal interfaces

Description: Advanced pyrotechnic components can be fabricated from Ni-based superalloys with hermetic seals to high expansion lithium-silicate glass ceramics (LSGC). Prior studies have characterized the interfacial reactions in these systems necessary for good chemical bonding. Similar reactions occur when LSGCs are bonded to 300-series stainless steel except that these seals debond on cooling to room temperature. Cr-depletion (from {approximately}18 wt % to {approximately}5 wt %) from the steel interface … more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Knorovsky, G. A.; Brow, R. K.; Watkins, R. D. & Loehman, R. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proposal to process RTNS-II accelerator targets for LLL

Description: This proposal is submitted in response to a programmatic need at LLL for a supplier of 50-cm targets (tritided) for the new RTNS-II facility. Previous letters of inquiry to Mound also delineate a need for recovery of tritium from expended RTNS-II targets. As explained in this proposal, the tritided target manufacturing and tritium recovery can be accomplished in an efficient and timely manner at Mound Facility. Mound has been a major tritium handling facility for over 20 yr. Multigram quantitie… more
Date: December 20, 1977
Creator: Mershad, E. A.; Clift, W. A.; Wieneke, R. E.; Coffey, D. L.; Nesslage, G. V.; Metcalf, L. W. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Metastable Cosmic Strings in Realistic Models

Description: The stability of the electroweak Z-string is investigated at high temperatures. The results show that, while finite temperature corrections can improve the stability of the Z-string, their effect is not strong enough to stabilize the Z-string in the standard electroweak model. Consequently, the Z-string will be unstable even under the conditions present during the electroweak phase transition. Phenomenologically viable models based on the gauge group SU(2)[sub L] [times] SU(2) [sub R] [times] U… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Holman, R.; Hsu, S.; Vachaspati, T. & Watkins, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Real-world emissions from model year 1993, 2000, and 2010 passenger cars

Description: Air pollution by cars and light trucks is a major problem in metropolitan areas in the United States and around the world. Much of the discussion of this issue is based on the emissions per vehicle mile as determined under somewhat artificial testing conditions. The pollutants actually emitted vary considerably with the particular vehicle and the way it is driven, but the average emissions per mile are much higher than the test values. This report concerns the sources and levels of excess emiss… more
Date: November 1, 1995
Creator: Ross, M.; Goodwin, R. & Watkins, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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