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Potential benefits of oxygen-enriched intake air in a vehicle powered by a spark-ignition engine

Description: A production vehicle powered by a spark-ignition engine (3.1-L Chevrolet Lumina, model year 1990) was tested. The test used oxygen-enriched intake air containing 25 and 28% oxygen by volume to determine (1) if the vehicle would run without difficulties and (2) if emissions benefits would result. Standard Federal Test Procedure (FTP) emissions test cycles were run satisfactorily. Test results of catalytic converter-out emissions (emissions out of the converter) showed that both carbon monoxide a… more
Date: April 1, 1994
Creator: Ng, H. K. & Sekar, R. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Particulate measurement issues in diesel exhausts using laser induced incandescence

Description: A number of studies in the recent past have identified Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) as a versatile technique for in-flame measurement of soot concentrations. Recently, a number of researchers have focused their attention in adapting this technique to measure particulate in diesel exhausts. However the agreement with established physical sampling techniques, such as the EPA recommended filter paper collection method, was found to be less than ideal. This paper reports the efforts to adapt t… more
Date: July 3, 2000
Creator: Gupta, S. B.; Poola, R. B. & Sekar, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Emissions and fuel economy of a vehicle with a spark-ignition, direct-injection engine : Mitsubishi Legnum GDI{trademark}.

Description: A 1997 Mitsubishi Legnum station wagon with a 150-hp, 1.8-L, spark-ignition, direct-injection (SIDI) engine was tested for emissions by using the FTP-75, HWFET, SC03, and US06 test cycles and four different fuels. The purpose of the tests was to obtain fuel-economy and emissions data on SIDI vehicles and to compare the measurements obtained with those of a port-fuel-injection (PFI) vehicle. The PFI vehicle chosen for the comparison was a 1995 Dodge Neon, which meets the Partnership for a New Ge… more
Date: April 8, 1999
Creator: Cole, R. L.; Poola, R. B. & Sekar, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Bus application of oxygen-enrichment technology and diesel-electric hybrid systems

Description: The amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) mandate very strict limits on particulate, smoke, and other emissions from city buses. The use of alternative fuels, such as compressed natural gas (CNG) or methanol, can help transit operators, such as the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), meet the mandated limits. However, the capital investment needed to convert the fueling infrastructure and buses is large, as is the expense of training personnel. If a {open_quotes}clean diesel{close_quotes} bus can … more
Date: October 1, 1993
Creator: Sekar, R. R. & Marr, W. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Using monatomic nitrogen induced by a pulsed arc to remove nitrogen oxides from a gas stream

Description: The effectiveness of monatomic nitrogen, induced by a pulsed electric arc, in reducing nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) was studied. The goal for this research is the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) from automobile emissions by this alternative technique, which can be cost-effective (to be demonstrated in the near future) and has the potential to reduce NO{sub x} in exhaust containing up to 10% oxygen. The initial tests with 100, 500, and 1,000 ppm NO in pure nitrogen… more
Date: December 1, 1995
Creator: Ng, H.K.; Novick, V.J. & Sekar, R.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Application of oxygen-enriched combustion for locomotive diesel engines. Phase 1

Description: A thermodynamic simulation is used to study the effects of oxygen-enriched intake air on the performance and nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of a locomotive diesel engine. The parasitic power of the air separation membrane required to supply the oxygen-enriched air is also estimated. For a given constraint on peak cylinder pressure, the gross and net power outputs of an engine operating under different levels of oxygen enrichment are compared with those obtained when a high-boost turbocharged eng… more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Poola, R. B.; Sekar, R. R. & Assanis, D. N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Particulate emission characteristics of a port-fuel-injected SI engine

Description: Particulate emissions from spark-ignited (SI) engines have come under close scrutiny as they tend to be smaller than 50 nm, are composed mainly of volatile organic compounds, and are emitted in significant numbers. To assess the impact of such emissions, measurements were performed in the exhaust of a current-technology port-fuel-injected SI engine, which was operated at various steady-state conditions. To gain further insights into the particulate formation mechanisms, measurements were also p… more
Date: March 2, 2000
Creator: Gupta, S.; Poola, R.; Lee, K. O. & Sekar, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation of oxygen-enrichment system for alternative fuel vehicles

Description: This report presents results on the reduction in exhaust emissions achieved by using oxygen-enriched intake air on a flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) that used Indolene and M85 as test fuels. The standard federal test procedure (FTP) and the US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA`s) off-cycle (REP05) test were followed. The report also provides a review of literature on the oxygen membrane device and design considerations. It presents information on the sources and contributions of cold-phase emi… more
Date: December 1, 1995
Creator: Poola, R.B.; Sekar, R.R. & Ng, H.K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Demonstration of oxygen-enriched combustion system on a light-duty vehicle to reduce cold-start emissions

Description: The oxygen content in the ambient air drawn by combustion engines can be increased by polymer membranes. The authors have previously demonstrated that 23 to 25% (concentration by volume) oxygen-enriched intake air can reduce hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), air toxics, and ozone-forming potential (OFP) from flexible-fueled vehicles (FFVs) that use gasoline or M85. When oxygen-enriched air was used only during the initial start-up and warm-up periods, the emission levels of all three reg… more
Date: August 1, 1997
Creator: Sekar, R. & Poola, R.B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Study of using oxygen-enriched combustion air for locomotive diesel engines

Description: A thermodynamic simulation is used to study effects of O2-enriched intake air on performance and NO emissions of a locomotive diesel engine. Parasitic power of the air separation membrane required to supply the O2-enriched air is also estimated. For a given constraint on peak cylinder pressure, gross and net power output of an engine operating under different levels of O2 enrichment are compared with those obtained when a high-boost turbocharged engine is used. A 4% increase in peak cylinder pr… more
Date: October 1, 1996
Creator: Poola, R. B.; Sekar, R.; Assanis, D. N. & Cataldi, G. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Description: This report contains the data gathered from tests conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine to study the benefits and problems of oxygen-enriched diesel combustion and the use of water-emulsified and low-grade diesel fuels. This research, funded by the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) in the United States Department of Energy, is being conducted in support of the Industrial Cogeneration Program. The report is made up of two volumes. Volume 1 contains the description of the experiments… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Sekar, R.R.; Marr, W.W.; Cole, R.L. & Marciniak, T.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine

Description: The performance of a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine was measured with intake oxygen levels of up to 35% and fuel water contents of up to 20%. Because a previous study indicated that the use of a less-expensive fuel would be more economical, two series of tests with No. 4 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel were conducted. To control the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), water was introduced into the combustion process in the form of water-emulsified fuel, or the fuel inje… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Sekar, R. R.; Marr, W. W.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine. Volume 2, Data sets

Description: This report contains the data gathered from tests conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine to study the benefits and problems of oxygen-enriched diesel combustion and the use of water-emulsified and low-grade diesel fuels. This research, funded by the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) in the United States Department of Energy, is being conducted in support of the Industrial Cogeneration Program. The report is made up of two volumes. Volume 1 contains the description of the experiments… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Sekar, R. R.; Marr, W. W.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Experimental Evaluation of Oxygen-Enriched Air and Emulsified Fuels in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine. Volume 1, Concept Evaluation

Description: The performance of a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine was measured with intake oxygen levels of up to 35% and fuel water contents of up to 20%. Because a previous study indicated that the use of a less-expensive fuel would be more economical, two series of tests with No. 4 diesel fuel and No. 2 diesel fuel were conducted. To control the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), water was introduced into the combustion process in the form of water-emulsified fuel, or the fuel inje… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Sekar, R. R.; Marr, W. W.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Utilization of oxygen-enriched air in diesel engines: Fundamental considerations

Description: Utilization of oxygen-enriched air in diesel engines holds potential for low exhaust smoke and particulate emissions. The majority of the oxygen-enriched-air combustion-related studies so far are experimental in nature, where the observed results are understood on an overall basis. This paper deals with the fundamental considerations associated with the oxygen-enriched air-fuel combustion process to enhance understanding of the concept. The increase in adiabatic flame temperature, the compositi… more
Date: September 1, 1997
Creator: Lahiri, D.; Mehta, P.S.; Poola, R.B. & Sekar, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Effect of ethanol fuel additive on diesel emissions.

Description: Engine-out emissions from a Volkswagen model TDI engine were measured for three different fuels: neat diesel fuel, a blend of diesel fuel and additives containing 10% ethanol, and a blend of diesel fuel and additives containing 15% ethanol. The test matrix covered five speeds from 1,320 to 3,000 rpm, five torques from 15 Nm to maximum plus the 900-rpm idle condition, and most of the points in the FTP-75 and US-06 vehicle tests. Emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}), … more
Date: September 11, 2001
Creator: Cole, R. L.; Poola, R. B.; Sekar, R.; Schaus, J. E. & McPartlin, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The effects of oxygen-enriched intake air on FFV exhaust emissions using M85

Description: This paper presents results of emission tests of a flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) powered by an SI engine, fueled by M85 (methanol), and supplied with oxygen-enriched intake air containing 21, 23, and 25 vol% O2. Engine-out total hydrocarbons (THCs) and unburned methanol were considerably reduced in the entire FTP cycle when the O2 content of the intake air was either 23 or 25%. However, CO emissions did not vary much, and NOx emissions were higher. HCHO emissions were reduced by 53% in bag 1, 84%… more
Date: May 1, 1996
Creator: Poola, R.B.; Sekar, R.; Ng, H.K.; Baudino, J.H. & Colucci, C.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Taguchi methods applied to oxygen-enriched diesel engine experiments

Description: This paper describes a test series conducted on a six-cylinder diesel engine to study the impacts of controlled factors (i.e., oxygen content of the combustion air, water content of the fuel, fuel rate, and fuel-injection timing) on engine emissions using Taguchi methods. Three levels of each factor were used in the tests. Only the main effects of the factors were examined; no attempt was made to analyze the interactions among the factors. It was found that, as in the case of the single-cylinde… more
Date: December 1, 1992
Creator: Marr, W. W.; Sekar, R. R.; Cole, R. L.; Marciniak, T. J. & Longman, D. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Removal of nitrogen oxides from a gas stream by using monatomic nitrogen induced by a pulsed arc

Description: The effectiveness of N atoms, nitrogen, induced by a pulsed electric arc, in reducing nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) was studied. Goal is reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) from automobile emissions by this alternative technique, which can be cost-effective and has the potential to reduce NO{sub x} in exhaust containing up to 10% oxygen. Initial tests with 100, 500, and 1,000 ppM NO in pure nitrogen have shown that a greater than 50% reduction of NO/NO{sub x} is readil… more
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Ng, H. K.; Novick, V. J.; Sekar, R. R.; Pierucci, K. A. & Geise, M. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis of a diesel-electric hybrid urban bus system

Description: A hybrid bus powered by a diesel engine and a battery pack has been analyzed over an idealized bus-driving cycle in Chicago. Three hybrid configurations, two parallel and one series, have been evaluated. The results indicate that the fuel economy of a hybrid bus, taking into account the regenerative braking, is comparable with that of a conventional diesel bus. Life-cycle costs are slightly higher because of the added weight and cost of the battery.
Date: August 1, 1993
Creator: Marr, W. W.; Sekar, R. R. & Ahlheim, M. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Utilizing intake-air oxygen-enrichment technology to reduce cold- phase emissions

Description: Oxygen-enriched combustion is a proven, serious considered technique to reduce exhaust hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive gasoline engines. This paper presents the cold-phase emissions reduction results of using oxygen-enriched intake air containing about 23% and 25% oxygen (by volume) in a vehicle powered by a spark-ignition (SI) engine. Both engineout and converter-out emissions data were collected by following the standard federal test procedure (FTP). Conve… more
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Poola, R.B.; Ng, H.K.; Sekar, R.R.; Baudino, J.H. & Colucci, C.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Simulation studies of diesel engine performance with oxygen enriched air and water emulsified fuels

Description: A computer simulation code of a turbocharged, turbocompound diesel engine was modified to study the effects of using oxygen-enriched combustion air and water-emulsified diesel fuels. Oxygen levels of 21 percent to 40 percent by volume in the combustion air were studied. Water content in the fuel was varied from 0 percent to 50 percent mass. Simulation studies and a review and analysis of previous work in this area led to the following conclusions about expected engine performance and emissions:… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Assanis, D. N.; Baker, D.; Sekar, R. R.; Siambekos, C. T.; Cole, R. L. & Marciniak, T.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transient, Real-Time, Particulate Emission Measurements in Diesel Engines

Description: This paper reports our efforts to develop an instrument, TG-1, to measure particulate emissions from diesel engines in real-time. TG-1 while based on laser-induced incandescence allows measurements at 10 Hz on typical engine exhausts. Using such an instrument, measurements were performed in the exhaust of a 1.7L Mercedes Benz engine coupled to a low inertia dynamometer. Comparative measurements performed under engine steady state conditions showed the instrument to agree within {+-}12% of measu… more
Date: August 24, 2003
Creator: Gupta, S.; Shih, J.; Hillman, G.; Sekar, R.; Graze, R.; Shimpi, S. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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