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FBI Director: Appointment and Tenure

Description: This report reviews the legislative history surrounding the enactment of the 1968 and 1976 amendments to the appointment of the FBI Director, as well as information on the nominees to the FBI Directorship since 1972. It also provides a legal overview of the extension of a Director's tenure.
Date: February 19, 2014
Creator: Chu, Vivian S. & Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Independence of Federal Financial Regulators

Description: This report discusses institutional features that make federal financial regulators (as well as other independent agencies) relatively independent from the President and Congress.
Date: February 24, 2014
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.; Labonte, Marc & Webel, Baird
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

FBI Director: Appointment and Tenure

Description: Report that first reviews the legislative history surrounding the enactment of the 1968 and 1976 amendments to the appointment of the FBI Director, as well as information on the nominees to the FBI Directorship since 1972. The report also provides a legal overview of the extension of a Director's tenure.
Date: May 30, 2013
Creator: Chu, Vivian S. & Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions

Description: This report supplies brief answers to some frequently-asked questions regarding recess appointments. These are appointments to high-level policy-making positions in federal departments which are generally confirmed by the Senate. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval.
Date: July 7, 2013
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Supreme Court Nominations Not Confirmed, 1789-2009

Description: From 1789 through 2009, Presidents submitted 159 nominations to Supreme Court positions. Of these, 36 were not confirmed by the Senate. This report provides a summary of these unsuccessful nominations and the factors that lead to them.
Date: May 11, 2010
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 110th Congress

Description: This report specifies, for the 110th Congress, all presidential nominations to full-time positions on 34 regulatory and other collegial boards and commissions. Profiles of each board and commission provide information on their organizational structures, membership as of the end of the 110th Congress, and appointment activity during that Congress. The report also includes tables summarizing the collective appointment activity for all 34 bodies, and identifying Senate recesses during the 110th Co… more
Date: October 25, 2010
Creator: Hogue, Henry B. & Bearden, Maureen
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Reorganization of the Minerals Management Service in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Description: This report provides background and context on the origins of the Minerals Management Service (MMS) in the Department of the Interior (DOI). The April 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill refocused attention on MMS, which had previously endured management challenges. The report also discusses Secretary Kenneth L. Salazar's handling of conflicts within MMS, potential congressional options regarding MMS reorganization, historical examples of similar reorganization efforts, and informati… more
Date: November 10, 2010
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 110th Congress, 2007-2008

Description: This report explains the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 110th Congress, all nominations to executive-level full-time positions in the 15 departments. Profiles of the departments provide information regarding their full-time PAS positions and related appointment activity during the 110th Congress.
Date: November 19, 2010
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.; Carey, Maeve P. & Bearden, Maureen
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Executive Branch Reorganization Initiatives During the 112th Congress: A Brief Overview

Description: This report describes the ways that executive branch reorganization can occur as a result of Administration and congressional actions, and describes recent initiatives in the context of that typology. The report concludes with some observations regarding federal reorganization efforts.
Date: May 26, 2011
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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FBI Directorship: History and Congressional Action

Description: This report first provides some legislative history surrounding the enactment of the 1968 and 1976 amendments to the appointment of the FBI Director, as well as information on the nominees to the FBI Directorship since 1972. The report then discusses precedent for lengthening the tenure of an office and the constitutionality of extending the tenure of the Directorship for the current incumbent, and addresses whether it would be necessary for Mr. Mueller to be appointed a second time.
Date: June 7, 2011
Creator: Chu, Vivian S. & Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Trump Administration Reform and Reorganization Plan: Discussion of 35 "Government-Wide" Proposals [Memorandum]

Description: "This memorandum provides a brief summary and some preliminary analysis of the Donald J. Trump Administration's recent proposals to restructure and reform agencies, programs, and operations in the executive branch. Specifically, the memorandum covers the 32 proposals characterized by the Trump Administration as "Government-wide." The 32 proposals include several sub-proposals, which, when enumerated separately as they are in this memorandum, bring the total to 35. The analysis of each proposal … more
Date: July 25, 2018
Creator: Hogue, Henry B. & Brass, Clinton T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions

Description: This report supplies brief answers to some frequently asked questions regarding recess appointments. When the Senate is in recess, the President may make a temporary appointment, called a recess appointment, to any such position without Senate approval (Article II, Section 2, Clause 3).
Date: August 25, 2006
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Statutory Qualifications for Executive Branch Positions

Description: This report provides background on the framework for constitutional appointments, discusses Congress's constitutional authority to set qualifications for appointees, discusses congressional practices in this area, and provides related analysis and options. It also includes two tables with examples of existing positions with qualification requirements.
Date: September 9, 2015
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Filling Advice and Consent Positions at the Outset of a New Administration

Description: In its 2004 report, the 9/11 Commission identified what it perceived were shortcomings in the appointment process during presidential transitions. This report examines the advice and consent appointment process during such transitional periods, including the selection and vetting of PAS positions, temporary staffing and differences in the length of the appointment process for cabinet members compared to sub-cabinet members.
Date: December 18, 2008
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.; Bearden, Maureen & Palmer, Betsy
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Presidential Appointments to Full-time Positions in Executive Departments During the 109th Congress, 2005-2006

Description: This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate (PAS positions). It also identifies, for the 109th Congress, all nominations to executive level full-time positions in the 15 departments. Profiles of the departments provide basic information regarding their full-time PAS positions and related appointment activity during the 109th Congress.
Date: June 10, 2008
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.; Bearden, Maureen & Ely, Dana
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations

Description: This report identifies, by Senate committee, presidentially appointed positions requiring Senate confirmation based on referrals as of October 31, 2007. For each committee list, positions are categorized as full- or part-time and then grouped by department or agency. Where nominations have been referred to more than one committee, the organizations and titles are noted under each of the committees to which the nominations were referred. The lists also include the lengths of fixed terms, where a… more
Date: March 18, 2008
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.; Bearden, Maureen & Lisbeth, Terrence L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Nominations to Cabinet Positions During Inter-Term Transitions Since 1984

Description: This report documents nominations to Cabinet positions during inter-term presidential transitions since 1984. During this period, three two-term Presidents — Ronald W. Reagan, William J. Clinton, and George W. Bush — made 30 nominations during inter-term transitions. For the purposes of this report, CRS considered an inter-term nomination to be one made between November 1 of a President's reelection year and April 30 of the first year of his second term.
Date: February 20, 2013
Creator: Carey, Maeve P.; Hogue, Henry B. & Greene, Michael W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama

Description: This report identifies recess appointments by President Obama, from the beginning of his presidency, on January 20, 2009, until June 3, 2013. The report discusses these recess appointments in the context of recess appointment authorities and practices generally, and it provides related statistics
Date: June 11, 2013
Creator: Hogue, Henry B. & Bearden, Maureen
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Temporarily Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions

Description: This report discusses methods of temporarily filling presidentially appointed positions which require the advice and consent of the Senate through the use of special hiring rules for vacancies under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, recess appointments, consultants, or interim appointments of personnel who were the next level down from the vacant position.
Date: April 18, 2017
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama

Description: This report identifies recess appointments made by President Obama. The report discusses these recess appointments in the context of recess appointment authorities and practices generally, and it provides related statistics. Congressional actions to prevent recess appointments prior to and during the Obama presidency, the President's unconstitutional appointments, and the judiciary's response are discussed in more detail in an appendix to the report. Additional information concerning recess app… more
Date: September 7, 2017
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Executive Branch Reorganization

Description: This report discusses some tools available to Congress, the President, and agency leaders, respectively, for initiation and implementation of executive branch reorganization. It also discusses the interagency coordinative mechanisms that are sometimes used by each of these actors to bridge inter-organizational gaps. The report concludes with general observations regarding federal reorganization efforts.
Date: August 3, 2017
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

FBI Director: Appointment and Tenure

Description: This report provides an overview of the development of the process for appointing the FBI Director, briefly discusses the history of nominations to this position, and identifies related congressional hearing records and reports.
Date: May 10, 2017
Creator: Hogue, Henry B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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