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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: The fermentation pH has been observed to be the key parameter affecting the ratio of ethanol to acetate produced by Clostridium ljungdahlii. The effects of controlled pH on cell growth and product formation by C. ljungdahlii were measured. It was found that cell concentration and acetate concentration increased with pH, while the ethanol concentration was highest at the lower pH. The molar product ratio of ethanol to acetate was 0.74 at pH 4.0, 0.39 at pH 4.5 and 0.12 at pH 5.0. Future experime… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. CSTRs and CSTRs with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentration, ethanol concentration and product ratio.
Date: January 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: A batch kinetic study involving Clostridium lungdahlii in a mineral medium was carried out in order to provide baseline data for the effects of nutrients on product ratio and kinetics. The use of this minimal medium containing vitamins, minerals, select amino acids and salts showed both a lower maximum specific growth rate and a lower maximum specific uptake rate than found when using a complex medium supplemented with 0.01% yeast extract. At the same time, the product ratio was improved slight… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Previous results have shown that the yeast extract concentration and the medium pH significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2} in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. Further experimentation has demonstrated the impact of eliminating yeast extract from the medium (except for the slight quantity transferred with the inoculm), especially when coupled with low pH. An ethanol to acetate product ratio of 4.0 w… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The ultimate ethanol: Technoeconomic evaluation of ethanol manufacture, comparing yeast vs Zymomonas bacterium fermentations. [Zymomonas mobilis:a5; Saccharomyces cerevisiae:a6]

Description: If ethanol could be produced at a low enough price to serve as the precursor to ethylene and butadiene, it and its derivatives could account for 159 billion lb, or 50% of the US production of 316 billion lb of synthetic organic chemicals, presently valued at $113 billion. This use would consume 3.4 billion bu of corn, or {approximately}40% of the corn crop. This study evaluates advance process engineering and genetic engineering techniques that could generate savings and reduce production costs… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Busche, R. M. (Bio En-Gene-Er Associates, Inc., Wilmington, DE (United States)); Scott, C. D.; Davison, B. H. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Lynd, L. R. (Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. A maximum specific growth rate of 0.095h{sup {minus}1} was found at 37{degrees}C, a normal optimum temperature for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. A maximum specific uptake rate of 0.0095 mmol/mg{center dot}h was found at a slightly higher temperature of 40{degrees}C. CSTR studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. As expected, growth was best… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Previous results have shown that the medium pH, the composition of the medium and concentration of medium constituents significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2} in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. An additional batch study was carried out varying the agitation rate at pH 4, 4.5 and 5.0. It was speculated that increased agitation rates in combination with low pH might result in increased ethanol prod… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol Fom Coal

Description: Research is continuing in an attempt to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio using C. ljungdahlii. The purpose of this report is to present data (acetate to ethanol) utilizing a medium prepared especially for C. ljungdahlii. Medium development studies are presented, as well as reactor studies with the new medium in batch reactors. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with cell recycle. The use of this new medium has resulted in significant improvements in cell concentrati… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio (acetate to ethanol) from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September, 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to differences in in… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The production of fuels and chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator

Description: During 1991, considerable progress was made on the waste utilization project. Two small Wisconsin companies have expressed an interest in promoting and developing the ICRS technology. Pilot plant sites at (1) Hopkinton, IA, for a sweet whey plant, and Beaver Dam WI, for an acid whey site have been under development siting ICRS operations. The Hopkinton, IA site is owned and operated by Permeate Refining Inc., who have built a batch ethanol plant across the street from Swiss Valley Farms cheddar… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Dale, M.C.; Venkatesh, K.V.; Choi, Hojoon; Moelhman, M.; Saliceti, L.; Okos, M.R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Multifuel reformer R D

Description: The on-board fuel for fuel cell powered vehicles may be one or more of hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, propane, or other liquified petroleum gases. To use hydrogen as the fuel, suitable means of storing, and subsequently delivering, adequate quantities of the gas must be developed. For all other fuels suitable reformers must be developed to convert the fuel to hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich gas mixture at rates corresponding to the varying power demand rates of the automotive system; thi… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Kumar, R. & Ahmed, S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Previously studies have shown the importance of both medium composition and concentration and medium pH on ethanol production of Clostridium ljungdahlii in fermenting CO, CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2} in synthesis gas. Four additional batch experiments involving medium composition and concentration were carried out in modified basal medium without yeast extract at pH 4.0. These experiments indicate that basal medium with only small amounts of B-vitamins can yield significant cell growth while yielding… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The effect of chemical additives on the synthesis of ethanol

Description: The objective of this research was to investigate the reaction mechanism of higher alcohol and aldehyde synthesis from syngas and the role of additives in the synthesis. An in situ IR reaction system and probe molecule technique were developed to study adsorbed species, active sites, and reaction pathway during reaction. The catalysts used for this study included silica-supported Rh, Ru, and Ni. (VC)
Date: March 6, 1992
Creator: Chuang, S.S.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. Finally, cell recycle studies continued in conjunction with a CSTR.
Date: May 1, 1992
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Effect of Chemical Additives on the Synthesis of Ethanol

Description: The objective of this research is to elucidate the role of various chemical additives on ethanol synthesis over Rh- and Ni-based catalysts. Chemical additives used for this study will include S, P, Ag, Cu, Mn, and Na which have different electronegativities. The effect of additives on the surface state of the catalysts, heat of adsorption of reactant molecules, reaction intermediates, reaction pathways, reaction kinetics, and product distributions is/will be investigated by a series of experime… more
Date: September 20, 1991
Creator: Chuang, S. S. C. & Balakos, M. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Transportation energy data book: Edition 12

Description: The Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 12 is a statistical compendium prepared and published by Oak Ridge National Laboratory under contract with the Office of Transportation Technologies in the Department of Energy. Designed for use as a desk-top reference, the data book represents an assembly and display of statistics and information that characterize transportation activity, and presents data on other factors that influence transportation energy use. The purpose of this document is to … more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Davis, S.C. & Morris, M.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to the differences in inoculum history. Se… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The Effect of Chemical Additives on the Synthesis of Ethanol

Description: The objective of this research is to elucidate the role of various chemical additives on ethanol synthesis over Rh- and Ni-based catalysts. Chemical additives used for this study will include S, P, Ag, Cu, Mn, and Na which have different electronegativities. The effect of additives on the surface state of the catalysts, heat of adsorption of reactant molecules, reaction intermediates, reaction pathways, reaction kinetics, and product distributions is/will be investigated by a series of experime… more
Date: September 20, 1991
Creator: Chuang, S. C. & Balakos, M. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mixed waste paper to ethanol fuel

Description: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of mixed waste paper for the production of ethanol fuels and to review the available conversion technologies, and assess developmental status, current and future cost of production and economics, and the market potential. This report is based on the results of literature reviews, telephone conversations, and interviews. Mixed waste paper samples from residential and commercial recycling programs and pulp mill sludge provided by Weyerhauser w… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Comprehensive mechanisms for combustion chemistry: An experimental and numerical study with emphasis on applied sensitivity analysis

Description: This research program is an integrated effort to determine the reaction mechanisms responsible for the oxidation of small molecule hydrocarbon structures under conditions representative of combustion environments. The experimental aspects of the work are conducted in an atmospheric pressure flow reactor (APFR) as well as in a new variable pressure flow reactor (VPFR) facility which extends the ranges of parameters available in the APFR, particularly the pressure, (1--15 atm.), the temperature (… more
Date: February 1, 1992
Creator: Dryer, F.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ethanol synthesis and water gas shift over bifunctional sulfide catalysts

Description: The objective of the proposed research is to investigate and develop a novel catalytic process for the conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas into high octane C{sub 1}-C{sub 4} alcohols, especially ethanol, by a highly selective and efficient pathway. (VC)
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Klier, Kamil & Herman, Richard G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analysis and computer tools for separation processes involving nonideal mixtures

Description: The objectives of this research, were to continue to further both the theoretical understanding of and the development of computer tools (algorithms) for separation processes involving nonideal mixtures. These objectives were divided into three interrelated major areas -- the mathematical analysis of the number of steady-state solutions to multistage separation processes, the numerical analysis of general, related fixed-point methods, and the development and implementation of computer tools for… more
Date: May 1, 1992
Creator: Lucia, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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1990 Washington State Directory of Biomass Energy Facilities

Description: This second edition is an update of biomass energy production and use in Washington State for 1989. The purpose of this directory is to provide a listing of known biomass users within the state and some basic information about their facilities. The data can be helpful to persons or organizations considering the use of biomass fuels. The directory is divided into three sections of biomass facilities with each section containing a map of locations and a data summary table. In addition, a conversi… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Deshaye, J. A. & Kerstetter, J. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Design of generic coal conversion facilities: Production of oxygenates from synthesis gas---A technology review

Description: This report concentrates on the production of oxygenates from coal via gasification and indirect liquefaction. At the present the majority of oxygenate synthesis programs are at laboratory scale. Exceptions include commercial and demonstration scale plants for methanol and higher alcohols production, and ethers such as MTBE. Research and development work has concentrated on elucidating the fundamental transport and kinetic limitations governing various reactor configurations. But of equal or gr… more
Date: October 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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