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Preliminary assessment of the impact of radionuclides in western coal on health and environment

Description: Samples of coal, ash, stack effluents, airborne particulates, soil, and vegetation associated with a power plant using Western coal were prepared and analyzed by alpha pulse height spectroscopy. The data were then used in an effort to calculate the radionuclide balance for the power plant, to model radiation dose to the population adjacent to the power plant, and to estimate radiation doses for power plant workers. Details of sampling and analytical procedures are presented elsewhere. The great… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Styron, C.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Synthesis gas demonstration plant program, Phase I. Trade-off studies report IV, air quality control alternatives

Description: For particulate removal systems four alternate methods were considered: wet venturi scrubbers, combination of multicyclonic mechanical dust collectors (MDC) and wet venturi scrubbers; electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and baghouses. For sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/) removal eleven alternate systems were considered: magnesia slurry scrubbing, sodium sulfite scrubbing (Wellman-Lord), ammonia (clear liquor), citrate, phosphate (Aqua-Claus), steam stripping, aqueous carbonate, ammonia (semi-dry), car… more
Date: September 1, 1978
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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42-inch diameter producer stream gas clean-up system mathematical model

Description: The purpose of this work is to develop a computer simulation program that will expedite the development and aid in the optimization and scale-up of the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) low-Btu coal gasifier system. The gasifier system includes the METC low-Btu fixed-bed gasifier and the producer gas clean-up system. The producer Gas Clean-Up System Simulation Program, the subject of this report, develops the mathematical models and computational procedures for the material balance cal… more
Date: March 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Benefit-cost framework for analysis of trace element emissions from coal-fired power plants. [103 references]

Description: The major conclusions of this report may be summarized in the following four points: (1) It is probable that atmospheric emissions of trace elements from Southwestern coal-fired power plants will not cause major problems over the next 20 years. But monitoring for trace element build-up (especially mercury, selenium, and arsenic) in the mountains of southern Colorado, Navajo Reservoir, and other local hot spots would be an important and desirable step. (2) It appears that damage from trace eleme… more
Date: November 1, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental control implications of generating electric power from coal. Technology status report. Volume I

Description: This is the first in a series of reports evaluating environmental control technologies applicable to the coal-to-electricity process. The technologies are described and evaluated from an engineering and cost perspective based upon the best available information obtained from utility experience and development work in progress. Environmental control regulations and the health effects of pollutants are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed primarily upon technologies that are now in use. For SO/sub 2… more
Date: December 1, 1976
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental control implications of generating electric power from coal. Technology status report. Volume II

Description: This is the first in a series of reports evaluating environmental control technologies applicable to the coal-to-electricity process. The technologies are described and evaluated from an engineering and cost perspective based upon the best available information obtained from utility experience and development work in progress. Environmental control regulations and the health effects of pollutants are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed primarily upon technologies that are now in use. For SO/sub 2… more
Date: December 1, 1976
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Advanced snyfuels production/power systems utilizing laser particulate control

Description: Coal-fired turbines offer an attractive means of generating electrical power using an available resource and near-term technologies. However, in order to maintain adequate turbine blade lifetimes, and thus make such plants economically attractive, better means of hot gas clean-up than those presently available are needed. One possible solution to this problem is the use of intense laser beams augment the conventional body forces in cyclones to increase collector efficiencies for smaller-sized p… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Botts, T; Powell, J R & Fillo, J A
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Operating manual for the electrostatic glove-box prefilter installed inside the filter glove box No. 046 at Rocky Flats, Building 776

Description: Objective of the evaluation is to evaluate the effectiveness of the electrostatic prefilter in prolonging the life of HEPA (high-efficiency particulate-air) filters. The theory of the electrostatic filter is reviewed, and Glove Box Number 046 is described in detail, followed by a description of the electrostatic prefilter used in the present application. Engineering drawings of the electrostatic prefilter are included. The procedure for evaluating the electrostatic prefilter includes the steps … more
Date: May 11, 1979
Creator: Bergman, W.; Kaifer, R. C.; Hebard, H. D.; Taylor, R. D.; Lum, B. Y.; Buttedahl, O. I. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Summary of the research and development effort on open-cycle coal-fired gas turbines

Description: Extensive experience gained with gas turbines operating not only with coal as fuel but also with dusty inlet air and with dirty fuels (such as heavy oils and blast furnace gas) as well as petroleum catalytic cracking units was reviewed. All this experience indicates that the particulate content of the hot gases fed to the turbine must be kept to less than approx. 1 ppM to keep turbine bucket erosion to an acceptable level for turbine inlet temperatures of 1500/sup 0/F or more. Dropping the turb… more
Date: October 1, 1979
Creator: Lackey, M. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Assessment of the radiological impact of coal utilization. I. Preliminary studies on Western coal. [Western USA; radionuclide impurities]

Description: It was the purpose of this project to broadly survey pathways of radionuclides in the coal fuel cycle, identifying critical questions and providing direction for subsequent, definitive studies of radionuclides in coal and the technological enhancement of concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides through use of this coal. Western coal was selected for study because of its prominence in the National Energy Plan. Specific objectives were to: investigate the fate of radionuclides in the c… more
Date: February 12, 1979
Creator: Styron, C. E.; Casella, V. R.; Farmer, B. M.; Hopkins, L. C.; Jenkins, P. H.; Phillips, C. A. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Space-Charge Electrostatic Precipitation

Description: An improved electrostatic precipitator called a space charge precipitator was tested and studied. A space charge precipitator differs from a conventional model in that the fields necessary to move the particles from the gas to the collecting surfaces are provided by a cloud of charged innocuous drops, such as glycerine or water, rather than by a charged electrode system. The flow conditions, electrical equipment, and physical dimensions of the test precipitator are typical of industrial applica… more
Date: May 1, 1977
Creator: Middleton, Charles Eugene
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Multiple HEPA filter test methods, July 1, 1974--March 31, 1975

Description: A laboratory apparatus has been constructed for testing two HEPA filters in a series configuration. The apparatus consists of an instrumented wind tunnel in which the HEPA filters are mounted, and an auxiliary wind tunnel for obtaining diluted samples of the challenge aerosol upstream of the first filter. Measurements performed with a single particle aerosol spectrometer demonstrate the capability for measuring overall protection factors of greater than 2.5 x 10$sup 8$. The decay of penetration… more
Date: August 1, 1975
Creator: Schuster, B. G. & Osetek, D. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Personnel dosimetry of radon and radon daughters

Description: From symposium on noble gases; Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (24 Sep 1973). During the past five years of increased interest in monitoring the individual exposure of persons to radon and, more importantly, radon progeny attached to aerosol particles, several devices have been proposed. These include the following: (a) passive detectors based on nuclear track emulsions and track etching foils; (b) semi-active systems in which the aerosols are collected electrostatically and detected by scintillator/fil… more
Date: January 1, 1973
Creator: Becker, K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Laboratory Studies of Trace Element Transformations During Coal Combustion

Description: Small-scale coal combustion experiments under well controlled conditions have been used to study the transformation of mineral constituents during combustion. Vaporization rates of various elements from well characterized coal samples have been measured over wide ranges of temperature and gas composition. The implication of these data for modelling the fate of mineral matter is discussed.
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Mims, Charles A.; Neville, Matthew; Quann, Richard J. & Sarofim, Adel F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of industrial coal conversion equipment capabilities: high-temperature, high-pressure gas purification

Description: In order to ensure optimum operating efficiencies for combined-cycle electric generating systems, it is necessary to provide gas treatment equipment capable of operating at high temperatures (>1000/sup 0/F) and high pressure (>10 atmospheres absolute). This equipment, when assembled in a process train, will be required to condition the inlet stream to a gas turbine to suitable levels of gas purity (removal of particulate matter, sulfur, nitrogen, and alkali metal compounds) so that it wil… more
Date: June 1, 1978
Creator: Meyer, J. P. & Edwards, M. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Coal technology program progress report for June 1977

Description: Three operability tests for hydrocarbonization of Illinois No. 6 coal were conducted with encouraging results; remedial measures are planned for some problems encountered. Progress in support of in situ gasification continued on the matrix of planned experiments involving the pyrolysis of large blocks of bituminous coal. In the coal-solvent-hydrogen mixing project, fluid dynamics data for cocurrent upflow of air and coal slurry through the packed column were measured. Metallurgical analyses of … more
Date: August 1, 1977
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Study of the processes resulting from the use of alkaline seed in natural gas-fired MHD facilities

Description: Various ways of ionizing seed injection and recovery, applicable to open-cycle magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation facilities, operating on sulfur-free gaseous fossil fuel, are discussed and experimentally verified. The physical and chemical changes of the seed and the heat and mass transfer processes resulting from seed application are investigated using the U-02 experimental MHD facility and laboratory test facilities. Engineering methods for calculating the processes of seed droplet v… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Styrikovich, M. A. & Mostinskii, I. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrical charging of small particles at low pressures. Progress report. Particle Technology Laboratory publication number 338

Description: Separate abstracts were prepared for three sections of this report that discuss the theory of diffusion charging of aerosol particles, the theory of electrostatic precipitation, and the development of a velocimeter for measuring the aerodynamic size of aerosol particles.
Date: July 1, 1977
Creator: Liu, B. Y. N. & Whitby, K. T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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[News Script: Cement Company]

Description: Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story of a Portland Cement Company who announced installation of a 1 and half million dollar pollution control device at their Fort Worth plant near Meacham Field.
Date: January 24, 1974, 6:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections
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[News Script: Cement Pollution]

Description: Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story of one of the nation's largest cement manufacturers who disclosed plans that will sharply increase production at its Fort Worth plant which will further curtail air pollution at the plant.
Date: January 24, 1974, 10:00 p.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Special Collections
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Ion current densities produced by energetic electrons in electrostatic precipitator geometries

Description: A new laboratory test system for electron beam ionization in electrostatic precipitator geometries has been constructed to measure ion current densities as a function of voltage differences for clean (bare) plate conditions. The new system incorporates improved electrodes, which withstand a driving voltage of /sup + -/ 55 kV, a factor of 5 increase over the previous test system. A 3 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator produced ionizing electron beams of 1.2 and 2 MeV and currents of 10.5 and 21 ..mu.… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Finney, W.C.; Thanh, L.C. & Davis, R.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Environmental control implications of generating electric power from coal. 1977 technology status report. [300 references]

Description: This report is an in-depth review and analysis of particulate control technologies applicable to coal-fired utility boilers. Sources and characteristics of fly ash, applicable emission regulations, and measurement techniques are also discussed. Available control technologies (electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and wet scrubbers) are described in detail. In each case, the theory of operation, factors affecting performance, representative installations, costs, and secondary environmenta… more
Date: December 1, 1977
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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