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Air Pollution: Estimated Emissions from Two New Mexicali Power Plants Are Low, but Health Impacts Are Unknown

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Power plants emit pollutants that have been linked to various negative health effects. In 2003, two new power plants, owned by Sempra Energy and Intergen, began operations 3 miles south of the U.S.-Mexico border near Imperial County, California. The county does not meet some federal and state air quality standards and may be further impacted by the emissions from these plants. Although these plants expo… more
Date: August 12, 2005
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Third millenium ideal gas and condensed phase thermochemical database for combustion (with update from active thermochemical tables).

Description: The thermochemical database of species involved in combustion processes is and has been available for free use for over 25 years. It was first published in print in 1984, approximately 8 years after it was first assembled, and contained 215 species at the time. This is the 7th printed edition and most likely will be the last one in print in the present format, which involves substantial manual labor. The database currently contains more than 1300 species, specifically organic molecules and radi… more
Date: July 29, 2005
Creator: Burcat, A.; Ruscic, B.; Chemistry & Tech., Technion - Israel Inst. of
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Real-Time, In Situ Sensor for Control of Ammonia Slip in SCR Installations

Description: In this program, we proposed to demonstrate a compact, rugged, low-cost ammonia sensor with better than {+-}0.2 ppmv lower detection limit and resolution. Extensive design and trade studies indicated that this measurement could be made by exploiting the infrared absorbance of ammonia at 1527 nm to determine concentration. Key features of the design were (1) a electronically-tunable, wavelength-agile diode laser-pumped fiber laser, (2) a unique, low-cost folded path optical cell, and (3) an InGa… more
Date: September 30, 2005
Creator: Daly, James
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Eye safe short range standoff aerosol cloud finder.

Description: Because many solid objects, both stationary and mobile, will be present in an indoor environment, the design of an indoor aerosol cloud finding lidar (light detection and ranging) instrument presents a number of challenges. The cloud finder must be able to discriminate between these solid objects and aerosol clouds as small as 1-meter in depth in order to probe suspect clouds. While a near IR ({approx}1.5-{micro}m) laser is desirable for eye-safety, aerosol scattering cross sections are signifi… more
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Bambha, Ray P.; Schroder, Kevin L. & Reichardt, Thomas A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Air Quality: Multi-Pollutant Legislation in the 109th Congress

Description: This report discusses air pollutants (petroleum, natural gas, and coal), which account for about two-thirds of U.S. electricity generation. These gases include several pollutants that directly pose risks to human health and welfare. The report also discusses the utilities that are subject to an array of environmental regulations.
Date: March 25, 2005
Creator: Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Hydrogen Absorption in Fluids: An Unexplored Solution for Onboard Hydrogen Storage

Description: Adoption of hydrogen (H{sub 2}) vehicles has been advocated for decades as an ecological ideal, capable of eliminating petroleum consumption as well as tail-pipe air pollution and carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) from automobiles. Storing sufficient hydrogen fuel onboard still remains a great technological challenge, despite recent advances in lightweight automotive materials, hybrid-electric drivetrains and fuel cells enabling 60-100 mpg equivalent H{sub 2}-fueled automobiles. Future onboard hydroge… more
Date: February 10, 2005
Creator: Berry, G D
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Particulate Matter Air Quality Standards: Background and Current Developments

Description: Following a brief summary of recent developments regarding the implementation and re-evaluation of the 1997 standards, this report provides a broad overview of the standard-setting process, followed by a description of revisions to earlier standards, legal challenges to the 1997 standard, and particulate matter health effects research. EPA’s ongoing progress in reviewing the 1997 standard is then summarized. Other activities that potentially impact the implementation and review of the particula… more
Date: January 10, 2005
Creator: Esworthy, Robert
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Air Quality Issues and Animal Agriculture: EPA’s Air Compliance Agreement

Description: This report discusses a plan announced by EPA in January 2005, called the Air Compliance Agreement, that would produce air quality monitoring data on animal agriculture emissions from a small number of farms, while at the same time protecting all participants (including farms where no monitoring takes place) through a “safe harbor” from liability under certain provisions of federal environmental laws.
Date: November 4, 2005
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Multi-Pollutant Emissions Control: Pilot Plant Study of Technologies for Reducing Hg, SO3, NOx and CO2 Emissions

Description: A slipstream pilot plant was built and operated to investigate technology to adsorb mercury (Hg) onto the existing particulate (i.e., fly ash) by cooling flue gas to 200-240 F with a Ljungstrom-type air heater or with water spray. The mercury on the fly ash was then captured in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). An alkaline material, magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH){sub 2}), is injected into flue gas upstream of the air heater to control sulfur trioxide (SO{sub 3}), which prevents acid condensatio… more
Date: August 31, 2005
Creator: Fenger, Michael L. & Winschel, Richard A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

FY 2005 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Annual Progress Report for the Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Program

Description: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (composed of automakers Ford, General Motors, and DaimlerChrysler) announced in January 2002 a new cooperative research effort. Known as FreedomCAR (derived from ''Freedom'' and ''Cooperative Automotive Research''), it represents DOE's commitment to developing public/private partnerships to fund high-risk, high-payoff research into advanced automotive technologies. Efficient fuel cell technology, which uses hydroge… more
Date: November 22, 2005
Creator: Olszewski, M
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

HCCI Engine Optimization and Control

Description: The goal of this project was to develop methods to optimize and control Homogeneous-Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, with emphasis on diesel-fueled engines. HCCI offers the potential of nearly eliminating IC engine NOx and particulate emissions at reduced cost over Compression Ignition Direct Injection engines (CIDI) by controlling pollutant emissions in-cylinder. The project was initiated in January, 2002, and the present report is the final report for work conducted on the project … more
Date: September 30, 2005
Creator: Reitz, Rolf D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Clean Air Status and Trends Network Annual Report: 2004

Description: Annual report of the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) describing the program and data collection. It also presents information on air quality and recorded concentrations of pollutants such as ozone, sulfur, gases, and other elements of concern.
Date: November 2005
Creator: MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Energy Saving Potentials and Air Quality Benefits of Urban HeatIslandMitigation

Description: Urban areas tend to have higher air temperatures than their rural surroundings as a result of gradual surface modifications that include replacing the natural vegetation with buildings and roads. The term ''Urban Heat Island'' describes this phenomenon. The surfaces of buildings and pavements absorb solar radiation and become extremely hot, which in turn warm the surrounding air. Cities that have been ''paved over'' do not receive the benefit of the natural cooling effect of vegetation. As the … more
Date: August 23, 2005
Creator: Akbari, Hashem
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Locomotive Emission and Engine Idle Reduction Technology Demonstration Project

Description: In response to a United States Department of Energy (DOE) solicitation, the Maryland Energy Administration (MEA), in partnership with CSX Transportation, Inc. (CSXT), submitted a proposal to DOE to support the demonstration of Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) technology on fifty-six CSXT locomotives. The project purpose was to demonstrate the idle fuel savings, the Nitrous Oxide (NOX) emissions reduction and the noise reduction capabilities of the APU. Fifty-six CSXT Baltimore Division locomotives we… more
Date: March 14, 2005
Creator: Archer, John R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cool Colored Roofs to Save Energy and Improve Air Quality

Description: Urban areas tend to have higher air temperatures than their rural surroundings as a result of gradual surface modifications that include replacing the natural vegetation with buildings and roads. The term ''Urban Heat Island'' describes this phenomenon. The surfaces of buildings and pavements absorb solar radiation and become extremely hot, which in turn warm the surrounding air. Cities that have been ''paved over'' do not receive the benefit of the natural cooling effect of vegetation. As the … more
Date: August 23, 2005
Creator: Akbari, Hashem; Levinson, Ronnen; Miller, William & Berdahl, Paul
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Carbon Dioxide Capture From Flue Gas Using Dry Regenerable Sorbents Quarterly Technical Progress Report: October-December 2004

Description: This report describes research conducted between October 1, 2004 and December 31, 2004 on the use of dry regenerable sorbents for removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas. Two supported sorbents were tested in a bench scale fluidized bed reactor system. The sorbents were prepared by impregnation of sodium carbonate on to an inert support at a commercial catalyst manufacturing facility. One sorbent, tested through five cycles of carbon dioxide sorption in an atmosphere of 3% water vapor and 0.8 t… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Green, David A.; Turk, Brian S.; Portzer, Jeffrey W.; Nelson, Thomas & Gupta, Raghubir P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Distributed Physical and Molecular Separations for Selective Harvest of Higher Value Wheat Straw Components Project

Description: Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) is an abundant source of plant fiber. It is regenerated, in large quantities, every year. At present, this potentially valuable resource is greatly under-exploited. Most of the excess straw biomass (i.e., tonnage above that required for agronomic cropping system sustainability) is managed through expensive chopping/tillage operations and/or burnt in the field following harvest, resulting in air pollution and associated health problems. Potential applications f… more
Date: January 31, 2005
Creator: Hess, J.R
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Final Report, "Laboratory Studies of the Role of Sea Salt Bromine in Determining Tropospheric Ozone"

Description: This document is a final report for the project DE-FG03-98ER62578, "Laboratory Studies of the Role of Sea Salt Bromine in Determining Tropospheric Ozone". It includes a technical summary, collaborations, educational contributions and the peer-reviewed scientific publications that have resulted from this research.
Date: June 20, 2005
Creator: Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

CO2 Capture by Absorption With Potassium Carbonate Quarterly Report

Description: The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. The baseline campaign with 30% MEA has given heat duties from 40 to 70 kcal/gmol CO{sub 2} as predicted by the stripper model. The Flexipak 1Y structured packing gives significantly better performance than IMTP 40 duped packing in the absorber, but in the stripper the performance of the two packing… more
Date: July 31, 2005
Creator: Rochelle, Gary T.; Hilliard, Marcus; Chen, Eric; Oyenekan, Babatunde; Dugas, Ross & McLees, John
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development of On-line Instrumentation and Techniques to Detect and Measure Particulates Quarterly Report

Description: In this quarter, we have started the data collection process of the first field deployable multi-wavelength PM measurement system. This system is now operating in real world on PM emissions from a turbine power generator v.s. known PM standard for the system that we designed and tested in the lab. We proved that we could repeatedly collect same scattering signal under same engine load conditions. We further improved the signal to noise ratio of the system, by shortening the exposure time below … more
Date: February 18, 2005
Creator: Wu, Sheng; Palm, Steve; Tang, Yongchun & Goddard, William A., III
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

CO2 Capture by Absorption With Potassium Carbonate Quarterly Report

Description: The objective of this work is to improve the process for CO{sub 2} capture by alkanolamine absorption/stripping by developing an alternative solvent, aqueous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} promoted by piperazine. Stripper modeling suggests the energy requirement with a simple stripper will be about the same for 5 m K{sup +}/2.5 m PZ and 7 m MEA. Modeling with a generic solvent shows that the optimum heat of CO{sub 2} desorption to minimize heat duty lies between 15 and 25 kcal/gmol. On-line pH and density m… more
Date: April 29, 2005
Creator: Rochelle, Gary T.; Chen, Eric; Lu, Jennifer; Oyenekan, Babatunde & Dugas, Ross
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

NNWSI PROJECT ELEMENT WBS-1.2.6.9.4.6.1.B INTERIM REPORT ON DUST CONTROL PROPOSALS

Description: This report presents interim findings of studies conducted to evaluate dust control equipment during prototype drilling. Based on available data on silica content, type, particle size, and on proposed dry drilling operations, it is estimated that allowable exposures to free silica will range from 0.07 to 1.5 mg/cu meter. They have concluded that airborne concentrations of dust may approach or exceed these values during normal operations, based on studies conducted as part of this task.
Date: September 6, 2005
Creator: Burton, D.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation of the Emission, Transport, and Deposition of Mercury, Fine Particulate Matter, and Arsenic From Coal-Based Power Plants in the Ohio River Valley Region Progress Report

Description: Ohio University, in collaboration with CONSOL Energy, Advanced Technology Systems, Inc (ATS) and Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER) as subcontractors, is evaluating the impact of emissions from coal-fired power plants in the Ohio River Valley region as they relate to the transport and deposition of mercury, arsenic, and associated fine particulate matter. This evaluation will involve two interrelated areas of effort: ambient air monitoring and regional-scale modeling analysis. T… more
Date: April 2, 2005
Creator: Crist, Kevin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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