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Reactive Transport Modeling of Geologic CO{sub 2} Sequestration in Saline Aquifers: The Influence of Intra-Aquifer Shales and the Relative Effectiveness of Structural, Solubility, and Mineral Trapping During Prograde and Retrograde Sequestration

Description: In this study, we address a series of fundamental questions regarding the processes and effectiveness of geologic CO{sub 2} sequestration in saline aquifers. We begin with the broadest: what is the ultimate fate of CO{sub 2} injected into these environments? Once injected, it is immediately subject to two sets of competing processes: migration processes and sequestration processes. In terms of migration, the CO{sub 2} moves by volumetric displacement of formation waters, with which it is largel… more
Date: April 24, 2001
Creator: Johnson, J. W.; Nitao, J. J.; Steefel, C. I. & Knauss, K. G.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Waste Form Release Data Package for the 2001 Immobilized Low-Activity Waste Performance Assessment

Description: This data package documents the experimentally derived input data on the representative waste glasses LAWABP1 and HLP-31 that will be used for simulations of the immobilized lowactivity waste disposal system with the Subsurface Transport Over Reactive Multiphases (STORM) code. The STORM code will be used to provide the near-field radionuclide release source term for a performance assessment to be issued in March of 2001. Documented in this data package are data related to 1) kinetic rate law pa… more
Date: February 1, 2001
Creator: McGrail, B. Peter; Icenhower, Jonathan P.; Martin, Paul F.; Schaef, Herbert T.; O'Hara, Matthew J.; Rodriguez, Eugenio et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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High temperature oxidation of beryllium modified intermetallic compounds of the niobium-chromium system

Description: Intermetallic compounds based on the Laves phases NbCr2 and TiCr2 are of interest for high temperature applications. At temperatures where the high temperature strength and creep resistance of these compounds are excellent, their oxidation resistance is relatively poor. Beryllide compounds in the 3-Be, Ti-Be and Nb-Be systems (CrBe2, TiBel2, TiBez, NbBel2) on the other hand, exhibit excellent oxidation resistance even at temperaturets in excess of 1200' C, due to the formation of protective Be0… more
Date: January 1, 2001
Creator: Hanrahan, Robert J.; Peters, Maria I.; Cooley, Jason C.; Hults, William L.; Thoma, Dan J. & Chen, Katherine C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pure Phase Solubility Limits: LANL

Description: The natural and engineered system at Yucca Mountain (YM) defines the site-specific conditions under which one must determine to what extent the engineered and the natural geochemical barriers will prevent the release of radioactive material from the repository. Most important mechanisms for retention or enhancement of radionuclide transport include precipitation or co-precipitation of radionuclide-bearing solid phases (solubility limits), complexation in solution, sorption onto surfaces, colloi… more
Date: January 26, 2001
Creator: Stockman, C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Synergistic air port corrosion in kraft recovery boilers

Description: Localized hot corrosion can occur on the cold-side of air-ports in Kraft recovery boilers. Depending on the basicity of the molten salt, either acidic or basic fluxing takes place, with a solubility minima at the transition between the two reactions. For stainless steel, if the basicity of the fused salt is between the iron and chromium oxide solubility minima, then a synergistic effect can occur that leads to rapid corrosion. The products of one reaction are the reactants of the other, which e… more
Date: August 1, 2001
Creator: Holcomb, Gordon R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Formation and Reactivity of Biogenic Iron Microminerals

Description: The overall purpose of the project was to explore and quantify the processes that control the formation and reactivity of biogenic iron microminerals and their impact on the solubility of metal contaminants. The research addressed how surface components of bacterial cells, extracellular organic material, and the aqueous geochemistry of the DIRB microenvironment impacts the mineralogy, chemical state and micromorphology of reduced iron phases.
Date: August 15, 2001
Creator: Beveridge, Terrance J. & Ferris, F. Grant
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mean and variance of DNAPL ringer development in a saturated, randomly heterogeneous porous medium.

Description: Chlorinated organic solvents such as TCE and PCE are among the most ubiquitous and problematic groundwater contaminants at many sites. They usually enter the subsurface in the form of organic liquids which exhibit low miscibility with water and thus form a separate dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). Here we analyze the movement of DNAPL in a three-dimensional randomly heterogeneous porous medium saturated with water. We consider the fluid interface between DNAPL and water to form a sharp b… more
Date: January 1, 2001
Creator: Tartakovsky, A. M. (Alexandre M.); Neuman, S. P. & Tartakovsky, D. M. (Daniel M.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The effect of stoichiometry in C15 HfCo[sub 2]

Description: In binary Laves phases (AB{sub 2}) that exhibit a homogeneity range, the ability to accommodate nonstoichiometry is related to the atomic size requirements for the topologically close-packed structure. Based upon a hard sphere model, Laves phases with a metallic atom size ratio R{sub A}/R{sub B} close to the ideal value of {approx}1.225 exhibit homogeneity ranges. The C15 phase, HfCo{sub 2}, has a radius ratio of R{sub H}/R{sub Co} = 1.26 and a reported range of solubility of 9 at.%. The solubi… more
Date: January 1, 2001
Creator: Thoma, D. J. (Dan J.); Chen, K. C. (Katherine C.); Baskes, M. I. (Michael I.) & Peterson, E. J. (Eric J.)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION

Description: SRI International is conducting experiments to develop and evaluate hydrothermal extraction technology or hot water extraction (HWE) technology for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. Most current remediation practices either fail to remove the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in petroleum-contaminated sites, are too costly, or require the use of organic solvents at the expense of additional contamination and with the added cost of recycling solvents. Hydrothermal extraction … more
Date: March 29, 2001
Creator: Jayaweera, Indira S.; Marti-Perez, Montserrat; Diaz-Ferrero, Jordi & Sanjurjo, Angel
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

NOVEL CO2-THICKENERS FOR IMPROVED MOBILITY CONTROL

Description: The first carbon dioxide thickeners have been successfully designed. Each thickener is characterized by a highly carbon dioxide-phobic functionality that imparts CO{sub 2}-solubility and a carbon dioxide-phobic group that facilitates viscosity-enhancing intermolecular associations. The design of each thickener required that appropriate balance of these groups to yield a compound that was at least several weight percent soluble in CO{sub 2} and capable of thickening the carbon dioxide by a facto… more
Date: October 1, 2001
Creator: Enick, Robert M.; Beckman, Eric J. & Hamilton, Andrew
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solubility and Surface Adsorption Characteristics of Metal Oxides to High Temperature

Description: The interaction of high temperature aqueous solutions with mineral surfaces plays a key role in many aspects of fossil, geothermal and nuclear energy production. This is an area of study in which the subsurface geochemical processes that determine brine composition, porosity and permeability changes, reservoir integrity, and fluid flow rates overlap with the industrial processes associated with corrosion of metal parts and deposition of solids in pipes and on heat exchanger surfaces. The sorpti… more
Date: May 4, 2001
Creator: Wesolowski, D. J.; Machesky, M. L.; Ziemniak, S. E.; Xiao, C.; Palmer, D. A.; Anovitz, L. M. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Summary of Dissolved Concentration Limits

Description: According to the Technical Work Plan titled Technical Work Plan for Waste Form Degradation Process Model Report for SR (CRWMS M&O 2000a), the purpose of this study is to perform abstractions on solubility limits of radioactive elements based on the process-level information and thermodynamic databases provided by Natural Environment Program Operations (NEPO) and Waste Package Operations (WPO). The scope of this analysis is to produce solubility limits as functions, distributions, or constan… more
Date: June 11, 2001
Creator: Chen, Yueting
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of Fundamental Data on Chemical Speciation and Solubility for Strontium and Americium in High- Level Waste: Predictive Modeling of Phase Partitioning During Tank Processing

Description: In this research program, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Florida State University are investigating the speciation of Sr and Am/Cm in the presence of selected organic chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA], N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid [HEDTA], nitrilotriacetic acid [NTA], iminodiacetic acid [IDA], citrate, and oxalate) over ranges of hydroxide, carbonate, ionic strength, and competing metal ion concentrations present in high-level waste stored in… more
Date: June 1, 2001
Creator: Felmy, Andrew R.; Choppin, Gregory & Dixon, David A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Micelle Formation and Surface Interactions in Supercritical CO2. Fundamental Studies for the Extraction of Actinides from Contaminated Surfaces.

Description: The goals of this research program included: (1) Study solubility of extractants and formation of micelles--(a) Do surfactants form micelles in scCO{sub 2} and what is the mechanism of their formation? (b) Can the pressure/density of scCO{sub 2} be used to alter surfactant solubility or micelle structure? (c) Can surfactant micelles be used to transport water based microphases? (2) Examine the solubilization of metals--(a) What influence does metal binding have on the surfactant solubility or m… more
Date: September 30, 2001
Creator: McCleskey, T Mark & Birnbaum, Eva R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Next Generation Extractants for Cesium Separation from High-Level Waste: From Fundamental Concepts to Site Implementation

Description: This project seeks a fundamental understanding and major improvement in cesium separation from high-level waste by cesium-selective calixcrown extractants. Systems of particular interest involve novel solvent-extraction systems containing specific members of the calix[4]arene-crown-6 family, alcohol solvating agents, and alkylamines. Questions being addressed bear upon cesium binding strength, extraction selectivity, cesium stripping, and extractant solubility. Enhanced properties in this regar… more
Date: August 20, 2001
Creator: Moyer, Bruce A.; Bonnesen, Peter V.; Bryan, Jeffrey C.; Engle, Nancy L.; Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; Sachleben, Richard A. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION

Description: SRI International conducted experiments in a two-year, two-phase process to develop and evaluate hydrothermal extraction technology, also known as hot water extraction (HWE) technology, to separate petroleum-related contaminants and other hazardous pollutants from soil and sediments. In this process, water with added electrolytes (inexpensive and environmentally friendly) is used as the extracting solvent under subcritical conditions (150-300 C). The use of electrolytes allows us to operate rea… more
Date: November 12, 2001
Creator: Jayaweera, Indira S.; Marti-Perez, Montserrat; Diaz-Ferrero, Jordi & Sanjurjo, Angel
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program: Removal of Residual Elements in The Steel Ladle by a Combination of Top Slag and Deep Injection Practice

Description: The objective of this work was to determine if tin could be removed from liquid steel by a combination of deep injection of calcium and a reducing top-slag practice. The work was carried out in three stages: injection of Ca wire into 35 Kg heats in an induction furnace under laboratory condition; a fundamental study of the solubility of Sn in the slag as a function of oxygen potential, temperature and slag composition; and, two full-scale plant trials. During the first stage, it was found that … more
Date: August 31, 2001
Creator: Street, S.; Coley, K.S. & Iron, G.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Using Reactive Transport Modeling to Evaluate the Source Term at Yucca Mountain

Description: The conventional approach of source-term evaluation for performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories uses speciation-solubility modeling tools and assumes pure phases of radioelements control their solubility. This assumption may not reflect reality, as most radioelements (except for U) may not form their own pure phases. As a result, solubility limits predicted using the conventional approach are several orders of magnitude higher then the concentrations of radioelements measured in sp… more
Date: December 19, 2001
Creator: Chen, Y.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solubility Evaluation for Yucca Mountain TSPA-SR

Description: A systematic evaluation of radionuclide solubility has been conducted for the Yucca Mountain Project. The conventional thermodynamic approach was employed and geochemical model calculations were used to estimate radionuclide solubilities for the base case. The study uses the computer code EQ3/6 as the major geochemical modeling tool. The water composition and environmental conditions are based on the results of in-package chemistry and in-drift chemistry studies. Field observations, laboratory … more
Date: November 19, 2001
Creator: Chen, Yueting; Loch, A.R.; Steinborn, T.L.; Brady, P.V. & Stockman, C.T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fundamental Elements of Geologic C02 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers

Description: Geologic sequestration represents a promising strategy for isolating CO{sub 2} waste streams from the atmosphere. Successful implementation of this approach hinges on our ability to predict the relative effectiveness of subsurface CO{sub 2} migration and sequestration as a function of key target-formation and cap-rock properties, which will enable us to identify optimal sites and evaluate their long-term isolation performance. Quantifying this functional relationship requires a modeling capabil… more
Date: November 19, 2001
Creator: Johnson, J. W.; Nitao, J. J. & Steefel, C. I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

EBS Radionuclide Transport Abstraction

Description: The purpose of this work is to develop the Engineered Barrier System (EBS) radionuclide transport abstraction model, as directed by a written development plan (CRWMS M&O 1999a). This abstraction is the conceptual model that will be used to determine the rate of release of radionuclides from the EBS to the unsaturated zone (UZ) in the total system performance assessment-license application (TSPA-LA). In particular, this model will be used to quantify the time-dependent radionuclide releases … more
Date: June 27, 2001
Creator: Schreiner, R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Biofiltration of Volatile Pollutants: Solubility Effects

Description: This project investigates and collects fundamental partitioning data for a variety of sparingly soluble subsurface contaminants (e.g., TCE, etc.) between vapor, aqueous phase, and matrices containing substantial quantities of biomass and biomass components. Due to the difficulty of obtaining these measurements, environmental models have generally used solubility constants of chemicals in pure water or, in a few rare cases, simple linear models. Our prior EMSP work has shown that the presence of… more
Date: June 15, 2001
Creator: Davison, Brian H. & Barton, John W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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