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Regional and National Estimates of the PotentialEnergy Use, Energy Cost, and CO{sub 2} Emissions Associated with Radon Mitigation by Sub-slab Depressurization

Description: Active sub-slab depressurization (SSD) systems are an effective means of reducing indoor radon concentrations in residential buildings. However, energy is required to operate the system fan and to heat or cool the resulting increased building ventilation. We present regional and national estimates of the energy requirements, operating expenses, and CO{sub 2} emissions associated with using SSD systems at saturation (i.e., in all U.S. homes with radon concentrations above the EPA remediation gui… more
Date: March 1, 1996
Creator: Riley, W. J.; Fisk, W. J. & Gadgil, A. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A safety assessment for proposed pump mixing operations to mitigate episodic gas releases in tank 241-SY-101: Hanford Site,Richland, Washington

Description: This safety assessment addresses each of the elements required for the proposed action to remove a slurry distributor and to install, operate, and remove a mixing pump in Tank 241-SY-101,which is located within the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington.The proposed action is required as part of an ongoing evaluation of various mitigation concepts developed to eliminate episodic gas releases that result in hydrogen concentrations in the tank dome space that exceed the lower flammability limit.
Date: July 1, 1996
Creator: Lentsch, J.W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ozone mitigation tests at the APS

Description: Ozone is generated in the APS experimental stations whenever the x-ray beam has a chance to interact with air. Ozone concentrations in an experimental station have to be below a certain defined limit (current OSHA regulations specify 0.08 ppm as the maximum limit) before an experimenter can reenter the hutch. This limit is said to be currently under study for a downward adjustment. One method of depleting the ozone generated in an experimental station is mitigation through either adsorption or … more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Kuzay, T. M.; Collins, J. T.; Pisharody, M.; Job, P. K. & Zhibi, Wang
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A design study for the isolation of the 281-3H retention basin at the Savannah River Site using the viscous liquid barrier technology

Description: This report is a description of the design study for a pilot-scale field demonstration of the Viscous Liquid Barrier (VLB) technology, a new subsurface containment technology for waste isolation using a new generation of barrier liquids. The demonstration site was Retention Basin 281-3H, a shallow catchment basin at the Savannah River Site, which is contaminated mainly by radionuclides ({sup 137}Cs, {sup 90}Sr, and {sup 238}Pu). The goals of the field demonstration were (a) to demonstrate the a… more
Date: November 1, 1996
Creator: Moridis, G.J.; Persoff, P.; Apps, J.; James, A.; Oldenburg, C.; McGrath, A. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Understanding differences in the diffusion of environmentally beneficial technology. Final project report

Description: The factors affecting the diffusion of technical discoveries among firms and nations remain one of the most interesting and important but least understood elements of economic behavior. Recently, interest in technology diffusion has been heightened by a recognition that the spread of technologies could have important implications for environmental quality as well as for market goods and services. A specific motivation for this study was the question of how rapidly technologies that reduce green… more
Date: December 31, 1996
Creator: Blackman, A.; Boyd, J.; Simpson, R.D. & Toman, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

In-vessel coolability and retention of a core melt. Volume 1

Description: The efficacy of external flooding of a reactor vessel as a severe accident management strategy is assessed for an AP600-like reactor design. The overall approach is based on the Risk Oriented Accident Analysis Methodology (ROAAM), and the assessment includes consideration of bounding scenarios and sensitivity studies, as well as arbitrary parametric evaluations that allow the delineation of the failure boundaries. Quantification of the input parameters is carried out for an AP600-like design, a… more
Date: October 1996
Creator: Theofanous, T. G.; Liu, C.; Additon, S.; Angelini, S.; Kymaelaeinen, O. & Salmassi, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

WHC natural phenomena hazards mitigation implementation plan

Description: Natural phenomena hazards (NPH) are unexpected acts of nature which pose a threat or danger to workers, the public or to the environment. Earthquakes, extreme winds (hurricane and tornado),snow, flooding, volcanic ashfall, and lightning strike are examples of NPH at Hanford. It is the policy of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to design, construct and operate DOE facilitiesso that workers, the public and the environment are protected from NPH and other hazards. During 1993 DOE, Richland Operatio… more
Date: September 11, 1996
Creator: Conrads, T. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

In-vessel coolability and retention of a core melt. Volume 2

Description: The efficacy of external flooding of a reactor vessel as a severe accident management strategy is assessed for an AP600-like reactor design. The overall approach is based on the Risk Oriented Accident Analysis Methodology (ROAAM), and the assessment includes consideration of bounding scenarios and sensitivity studies, as well as arbitrary parametric evaluations that allow the delineation of the failure boundaries. Quantification of the input parameters is carried out for an AP600-like design, a… more
Date: October 1996
Creator: Theofanous, T. G.; Liu, C.; Additon, S.; Angelini, S.; Kymaelaeinen, O. & Salmassi, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Disruption Studies in DIII-D

Description: Characteristics of disruptions in the DIII-D tokamak including the current decay rate, halo current magnitude and toroidal asymmetry, and heat pulse to the divertor are described. Neon and argon pellet injection is shown to be an effective method for mitigating the halo currents and the heat pulse with a 50% reduction in both quantities achieved. The injection of these impurity pellets frequently gives rise to runaway electrons.
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Kellman, A. G.; Evans, T. E. & Cuthbertson, J. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels: Recent progress and new approaches

Description: Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of several types of BWR field components fabricated from solution-annealed austenitic stainless steels (SSs), including a core internal weld, were investigated by means of slow-strain-rate test (SSRT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and field-emission-gun advanced analytical electron microscopy (FEG-AAEM). Based on the results of the tests and analyses, separate effects of neutron fluence, tensile pro… more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Chung, H. M.; Ruther, W. E.; Sanecki, J. E.; Hins, A.; Zaluzec, N. J. & Kassner, T. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Space debris executive summary

Description: Spacecraft, boosters, and fragments are potential hazards to space vehicles, and it is argued that collisions between them could produce a cascade that could preclude activity in LEO in 25 to 50 years. That has generated pressure for constraints on military space operations, so the AF SAB performed a study of technical aspects of the debris problem. The Study was independent of the efforts of the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) as well as those of and NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), which is t… more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Canavan, G.H.; Judd, O. & Naka, R.F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Approaches for preventing and mitigating accidental gaseous chemical releases

Description: This paper presents a review of approaches to prevent and mitigate accidental releases of toxic and flammable gases. The prevention options are related to: choosing safer processes and materials, preventing initiating events, preventing or minimizing releases, and preventing human exposures. the mitigation options include: secondary confinement, de-inventory, vapor barriers, and water sprays/monitors. Guidelines for the design and operation of effective post-release mitigation systems are also … more
Date: December 31, 1996
Creator: Fthenakis, V. M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

High Performance Ultra-light Nuclear Rockets for NEO (Near Earth Objects) Interaction Missions

Description: The performance capabilities and technology features of ultra compact nuclear thermal rockets based on very high power density ({approximately} 30 Megawatts per liter) fuel elements are described. Nuclear rockets appear particularly attractive for carrying out missions to investigate or intercept Near Earth Objects (NEOS) that potentially could impact on the Earth. Many of these NEO threats, whether asteroids or comets, have extremely high closing velocities, i.e., tens of kilometers per second… more
Date: December 31, 1996
Creator: Powell, J.; Maise, G.; Ludewig, H. & Todosow, M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mitigation Action Plan: Lease of Parcel ED-1 of the Oak Ridge Reservation by the East Tennessee Economic Council

Description: In April 1996, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) completed an environmental assessment (EA) (DOE/EA-1113) for the proposed lease of 957-16 acres (Parcel ED-1) of the Oak Ridge (Tennessee) Reservation (ORR) by the East Tennessee Economic Council (ETEC) for industrial development. DOE plans to issue a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for the proposed action, conditional upon the implementation of mitigation and monitoring to protect environmental resources. According to DOE`s National E… more
Date: April 1, 1996
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Treatability study on the Bear Creek Valley characterization area at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Phase II work plan for S-3 site contaminated groundwater interception--in-field media evaluation and groundwater capture methods

Description: A treatability study is being conducted to support implementation:of early actions at the S-3 Site in the Bear Creek Valley (BCV) Characterization Area (CA). The objectives of the early actions Will be (1) to reduce concentrations of uranium and nitrate in Bear Creek and (2) to reduce contaminants of concern in North Tributary (NT)-1 and NT-2. The BCV CA is located within the US DOE`s Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. Hazardous and radioactive materials from the Y-12 Plant operations were, di… more
Date: December 1, 1996
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

1996 monitoring report for the Gunnison, Colorado, wetlands mitigation plan

Description: The US Department of Energy (DOE) administers the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project to clean up uranium mill tailings and other surface contamination at 24 abandoned uranium mill sites in 10 states. One of these abandoned mill sites was near the town of Gunnison, Colorado. Surface remediation was completed at the Gunnison site in December 1995. Remedial action resulted in the elimination of 4.3 acres of wetlands and mitigation of this loss is through the enhancement of 17.8 … more
Date: December 1996
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Alternative Methods of Marginal Abatement Cost Estimation: Non- Parametric Si Stance Functions

Description: This project implements a economic methodology to measure the marginal abatement costs of pollution by measuring the lost revenue implied by an incremental reduction in pollution. It utilizes observed performance, or `best practice`, of facilities to infer the marginal abatement cost. The initial stage of the project is to use data from an earlier published study on productivity trends and pollution in electric utilities to test this approach and to provide insights on its implementation to iss… more
Date: 1996-08~
Creator: Boyd, Gale; Molburg, John & Prince, Raymond
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Removal site evaluation report on the Tower Shielding Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Description: This removal site evaluation report for the Tower Shielding Facility (TSF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was prepared to provide the Environmental Restoration Program with information necessary to evaluate whether hazardous and/or radiological contaminants in and around the Tower Shielding Facility pose a substantial risk to human health or the environment (i.e., a high probability of adverse effects) and if remedial site evaluations or removal actions are, therefore, required. The scope of … more
Date: September 1, 1996
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The detectability of asteroids and comets before earth impact

Description: In this final report of a 1-y LDRD project at LANL, requirements were investigated for detecting asteroids and comets in the final years before they impact Earth. Equipment and strategies were determined for detecting impacting asteroids and comets in all their permitted orbits. When this information is combined with possible mechanisms for diverting asteroids, it will determine the degree of readiness and minimum capability of deflection mechanisms required to prevent impact of these objects w… more
Date: September 1, 1996
Creator: Hills, J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Programmatic risk management system

Description: The purpose of the Programmatic Risk Management System (PRMS) is to evaluate and manage potential risks associated with proposed projects (i.e., new products or processes, or possible research and technological development projects). Although the PRMS considers some technical aspects of risk, the primary focus of the methodology is programmatic risk. That is, the methodology permits an assessment of risks associated with such issues as the ability to successfully produce a product that performs… more
Date: July 1, 1996
Creator: Mahn, J. & Wood, C.L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transpiring wall supercritical water oxidation test reactor design report

Description: Sandia National Laboratories is working with GenCorp, Aerojet and Foster Wheeler Development Corporation to develop a transpiring wall supercritical water oxidation reactor. The transpiring wall reactor promises to mitigate problems of salt deposition and corrosion by forming a protective boundary layer of pure supercritical water. A laboratory scale test reactor has been assembled to demonstrate the concept. A 1/4 scale transpiring wall reactor was designed and fabricated by Aerojet using thei… more
Date: February 1, 1996
Creator: Haroldsen, B. L.; Ariizumi, D. Y.; Mills, B. E.; Brown, B. G. & Rousar, D. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling, system identification, and control for slosh-free motion of an open container of liquid

Description: This report discusses work performed under a Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (CRADA) with Corning, Inc., to analyze and test various techniques for controlling the motion of a high speed robotic arm carrying an open container of viscous liquid, in this case, molten glass. A computer model was generated to estimate the modes of oscillation of the liquid based on the shape of the container and the viscosity of the liquid. This fluid model was experimentally verified and tuned based… more
Date: April 1, 1996
Creator: Feddema, J.; Baty, R.; Dykhuizen, R.; Dohrmann, C.; Parker, G.; Robinett, R. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Lessons learned from early criticality accidents

Description: Four accidents involving the approach to criticality occurred during the period July, 1945, through May, 1996. These have been described in the format of the OPERATING EXPERIENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY which is distributed by the Office of Nuclear and Facility Safety. Although the lessons learned have been incorporated in standards, codes, and formal procedures during the last fifty years, this is their first presentation in this format. It is particularly appropriate that they be presented in the foru… more
Date: June 1, 1996
Creator: Malenfant, R.E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Resolution of the direct containment heating issue for all Westinghouse plants with large dry containments or subatmospheric containments

Description: This report uses the scenarios described in NUREG/CR-6075 and NUREG/CR-6075, Supplement 1, to address the direct containment heating (DCH) issue for all Westinghouse plants with large dry or subatmospheric containments. DCH is considered resolved if the conditional containment failure probability (CCFP) is less than 0.1. Loads versus strength evaluations of the CCFP were performed for each plant using plant-specific information. The DCH issue is considered resolved for a plant if a screening ph… more
Date: February 1996
Creator: Pilch, M. M.; Allen, M. D. & Klamerus, E. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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