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Liquefaction of coals using ultra-fine particle, unsupported catalysts: In situ generation by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions

Description: The purpose of this program is to design and fabricate an experimental ultra-fine particle generation system; use this system to generate ultra-fine, iron compound, catalyst particles; and to access the ability of these ultra-fine catalyst particles to improve the performance of the solubilization stage of two-stage, catalytic-catalytic liquefaction processes. The effort applied to this program during this reporting period was devoted to experimental design and fabrication tasks.
Date: September 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis

Description: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limi… more
Date: April 1, 1991
Creator: Osseo-Asare, K. & Radovic, L.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis

Description: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limi… more
Date: July 1, 1991
Creator: Osseo-Asare, K. & Radovic, L.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Studies of Coupled Chemical and Catalytic Coal Conversion Methods

Description: The objective of this research was to convert coal into a soluble substance under mild conditions. The strategy involved two steps, first to breakdown the macromolecular network of coal, and second to add hydrogen catalytically. We investigated different basic reagents that could, in priciple, break down coal's structure and alkylation strategies that might enhance its solubility. We examined O- and C-alkylation, the importance of the strength of the base, the character of the added alkyl group… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Stock, L. M.; Chatterjee, K.; Cheng, C.; Ettinger, M.; Flores, F.; Jiralerspong, S. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis

Description: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metal-bearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effects that lim… more
Date: February 1, 1991
Creator: Osseo-Asare, K. & Radovic, L.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Liquefaction of coals using ultra-fine particle, unsupported catalysts: In situ generation by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions

Description: The purpose of this program is to design and fabricate an experimental ultra-fine particle generation system; use this system to generate ultra-fine, iron compound, catalyst particles; and to access the ability of these ultra-fine catalyst particles to improve the performance of the solubilization stage of two-stage, catalytic-catalytic liquefaction processes.
Date: October 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Novel nanodispersed coal liquefaction catalysts: Molecular design via microemulsion-based synthesis

Description: The objective of this project is to pursue the development of highly dispersed and inexpensive catalysts for improved coal solubilization and upgrading of coal liquids. A novel study of the synthesis of liquefaction catalysts of nanometer size will be carried out. It is based on the molecular design of reverse micelles (microemulsions). These surfactant-stabilized, metalbearing microdrops offer unique opportunities for synthesizing very small particles by providing a cage-like effect that limit… more
Date: October 1, 1991
Creator: Osseo-Asare, K.; Boakye, E.; Vaidyanathan, N. & Radovic, L.R.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Liquefaction of coals using ultra-fine particle, unsupported catalysts: In situ generation by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions

Description: The program objective is to generate ultra-fine catalyst particles (20 to 400 {Angstrom} in size) and quantify their potential for improving coal dissolution in the solubilization stage of two-stage catalytic-catalytic liquefaction systems. It has been shown that catalyst activity increases significantly with decreasing particle size for particle sizes in the submicron range. Ultra-fine catalyst particle generation will be accomplished using a novel two-step process. First, the severe condition… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Water-enhanced solubility of carboxylic acids in organic solvents and its applications to extraction processes

Description: The solubilities of carboxylic acids in certain organic solvents increase remarkably with an increasing amount of water in the organic phase. This phenomenon leads to a novel extract regeneration process in which the co-extracted water is selectively removed from an extract, and the carboxylic acid precipitates. This approach is potentially advantageous compared to other regeneration processes because it removes a minor component of the extract in order to achieve a large recovery of acid from … more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Starr, J. N. & King, C. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

X-ray study of interfacial interactions in highly milled Sn-Ge powders

Description: We have studied possible structural changes occurring at the Sn/Ge interface of highly milled Sn/Ge composites. EXAFS and X-ray Diffraction measurements were made on mechanically milled powders having compositions ranging from 20 to 50 vol.% Sn. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the increasing amorphization of Sn as the Sn content is decreased. EXAFS results indicate that this amorphous phase is due to the formation of an {alpha}-Sn/Ge alloy. The EXAFS from this alloy did not change signi… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Jayanetti, J.K.D.S.; Heald, S.M. & Tan, Z.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Advanced, Soluble Hydroliquefaction and Hydrotreating Catalysts Annual Report: 1990-1991

Description: The purpose of the present program is to develop soluble analogs of surface confined catalysts that can be impregnated directly into the coal structure at low temperatures. This approach should avoid problems related to surface area dependence, a two phase (surface-liquid) reaction system and, mass transport limitations. Heteropolyanions (HPAs) offer the opportunity to develop soluble forms of surface confined catalysts. HPAs are multi-functional catalysts that could be used to promote both hyd… more
Date: September 9, 1991
Creator: Laine, Richard M & Stoebe, Thomas
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Identification of colloids in nuclear waste glass reactions

Description: Characterization data for particulates formed under a variety of laboratory leaching conditions that simulate glass reaction in a repository environment are presented. Data on the particle size distributions and filterable fractions for neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium were obtained by filtrations through a series of filters with pore sizes ranging from 1 {mu}m to 3.8 nm. The neptunium was found to be largely nonfilterable. Americium and plutonium were associated with filterable part… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Cunnane, J.C. & Bates, J.K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Advanced soluble hydroliquefaction and hydrotreating catalysts

Description: The purpose of the present program is to develop soluble analogs of surface confined catalysts that can be impregnated directly into the coal structure at low temperatures. This approach should avoid problems related to surface area dependence, a two phase (surface-liquid) reaction system and, mass transport limitations.
Date: November 22, 1991
Creator: Laine, R.M. (Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering) & Stoebe, T. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Progress Report for FY 1991

Description: The purpose of this report is to summarize the activities of the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for Fiscal Year 1991 (October 1990 through September 1991). This is the eighth annual report for the ACL. The Analytical Chemistry Laboratory is a full-cost-recovery service center, with the primary mission of providing a broad range of analytical chemistry support services to the scientific and engineering programs at ANL. In addition, the ACL conducts a r… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Green, D. W.; Heinrich, R. R.; Graczyk, D. G.; Lindahl, P. C. & Boparai, A. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Mechanisms of gas permeation through polymer membranes

Description: The objective of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms of gas transport in and through polymer membranes and the dependence of these mechanisms on pressure and temperature. This information is required for the development of new, energy-efficient membrane processes for the separation of industrial gas mixtures. Such processes are based on the selective permeation of the components of gas mixtures through nonporous polymer membranes. Recent work has been focused on the permeation of… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Stern, S.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Glass melter off-gas system pluggages: Cause, significance, and remediation

Description: Liquid high-level nuclear waste will be immobilized at the Savannah River Site (SRS) by vitrification in borosilicate glass. The glass will be produced in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) where the glass will be poured into stainless steel canisters for eventual disposal in a geologic repository. Experimental glass melters used to develop the vitrification process for immobilization of the waste have experienced problems with pluggage of the off-gas line with solid deposits. Off-gas… more
Date: March 1, 1991
Creator: Jantzen, Carol M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical simulation of high-level radioactive nuclear waste glass production

Description: Vitrification of radioactive waste has become an international approach for converting highly radioactive wastes into a durable solid prior to placing them in a permanent disposal repository. The technology for the process is not new. The conversion melter is a direct descendant of all electric melters used for manufacturing of some commercial glass types. Therefore, the vitrification process of radioactive wastes inherits typical problems of all electric furnaces and creates some other specifi… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Choi, I.G. (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States)) & Ungan, A. (Purdue Univ., Indianapolis, IN (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering)
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Improved electrolytes for fuel cells

Description: Present day fuel cells based upon hydrogen and oxygen have limited performance due to the use of phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. Improved performance is desirable in electrolyte conductivity, electrolyte management, oxygen solubility, and the kinetics of the reduction of oxygen. Attention has turned to fluorosulfonic acids as additives or substitute electrolytes to improve fuel cell performance. The purpose of this project is to synthesize and electrochemically evaluate new fluorosulfonic ac… more
Date: June 1, 1991
Creator: Gard, G.L. & Roe, D.K.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Preliminary recommendations on the design of the characterization program for the Hanford Site single-shell tanks: A system analysis

Description: The work described in this volume was conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory to provide preliminary recommendations on data quality objectives (DQOs) to support the Waste Characterization Plan (WCP) and closure decisions for the Hanford Site single-shell tanks (SSTs). The WCP describes the first of a two-phase characterization program that will obtain information to assess and implement disposal options for SSTs. This work was performed for the Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), the current… more
Date: November 1, 1991
Creator: Buck, J.W.; Peffers, M.S. & Hwang, S.T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An economic and technical assessment of black-dross and salt-cake-recycling systems for application in the secondary aluminum industry

Description: The secondary aluminum industry annually disposes of large amounts of dross residues and salt cake, which are by-products from the processing of scrap aluminum for reuse. These wastes contain as much as 50% salts and are presently disposed of in conventional landfills. As the costs of landfill space increase and the availability of landfill space decreases, disposal of the residues will increasingly compromise the economics of recycling aluminum. Alternative processes exist by which the major c… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Karvelas, D.; Daniels, E.; Jody, B. & Bonsignore, P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Hydrogen Recovery by Novel Solvent Systems

Description: The objective of this work is to develop a novel method for purification of hydrogen from coal-derived synthesis gas. The study involved a search for suitable mixtures of solvents for their ability to separate hydrogen from the coal derived gas stream in significant concentration near their critical point of miscibility. The properties of solvent pairs identified were investigated in more detail to provide data necessary for economic evaluation and process development.
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Shinnar, R.; Ludmer, Z. & Ullmann, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Improvement of sweep efficiency and mobility control in gas flooding

Description: The application of carbon dioxide or other gases to extract crude oil from depleted reservoirs has been shown to be a technically successful process. However, optimized recoveries are often compromised by poor sweep efficiencies because of low gas viscosities and densities. A new process was investigated that potentially could improve sweep efficiencies by enhancing extractability properties of the injected gas with entrainers. Use of a capillary viscometer to evaluate enhanced viscosities appe… more
Date: April 1, 1991
Creator: Strycker, A. & Llave, F.M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Compilation of data to estimate groundwater migration potential for constituents in active liquid discharges at the Hanford Site

Description: A preliminary characterization of the constituents present in the 33 liquid waste streams at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site has been completed by Westinghouse Hanford Company. In addition, Westinghouse Hanford has summarized the soil characteristics based on drill logs collected at each site that receives these liquid wastes. Literature searches were conducted and available Hanford-specific data were tabulated and reviewed. General literature on organic chemicals present in the liqu… more
Date: March 1, 1991
Creator: Ames, L.L. & Serne, R.J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Development of a complex compound chill storage system

Description: A thermal energy storage system applicable to industrial refrigeration needs at temperatures as low as {minus}28{degree}C has been developed. The system is based on the chemical bonding between a gaseous refrigerant and a solid salt. The system has been tested successfully in the laboratory and a small unit capable of holding 4 ton-h has been constructed in a factory environment. Much of the development efforts have centered on designing the reactor/heat exchanger where the salt and the refrige… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Rockenfelleer, U. & Kirol, L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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