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Studies of nuclear-waste migration in geologic media. Annual report, November 1976--October 1977

Description: The confinement of nuclear wastes in geologic formations is being considered as a method of permanently disposing of the waste. Laboratory experiments (column infiltration, static absorption, and batch partitioning experiments) were performed with nuclides of Cs, Pu, Np, and Am to examine the migratory characteristics of long-lived radionuclides that could be mobilized by groundwaters infiltrating a nuclear waste repository and the surrounding geologic body. In column infiltration experiments, … more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Seitz, M.G.; Rickert, P.G.; Fried, S.M.; Friedman, A.M. & Steindler, M.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Impact of increased coal consumption in the Pacific Northwest

Description: The objectives of the National Coal Utilization Assessment are: Identification of the environmental, health and socioeconomic impacts to be expected from the increased use of coal; investigation of mitigation strategies that might be used to manage these impacts; and establishment of working relationships with state and regional agencies and utilities. A number of energy issues were identified in the course of the study. Probably the most significant issues in this region are the siting of coal… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Burnham, J.B. (comp.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Stability of plutonium contaminated sediments in the Miami--Erie Canal. [Mound Facility, Ohio, radioactive effluents monitoring]

Description: This study was conducted to evaluate the stability of plutonium-contaminated sediment in the Miami-Erie Canal. Correlations were sought to relate concentrations at air sampling stations to plutonium-238 concentrations in air and stack emissions, wind direction, particulate loading, rainfall, and construction activities. There appears to be some impact on airborne concentrations at air sampling stations 122 and 123 from the contaminated sediment in the canal and ponds area. For purposes of this … more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Farmer, Billy M. & Carfagno, Daniel G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Isotope applications in the environmental field

Description: Established uses of enriched isotopes in the environmental field were surveyed to determine future trends in isotope needs. Based on established isotope uses, on the projected increase in the pollution problem, and on the apparent social and economic pressure for pollution abatement, a significant demand for enriched isotopes appears to be developing for the assessment and control of air, water, and soil pollutants. Isotopic techniques will be used in combination with conventional methods of de… more
Date: February 17, 1978
Creator: DeWitt, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Germanium detector system for the detection of transuranics at low-activity concentrations in soil. [/sup 241/Am, /sup 240/Pu, /sup 239/Pu, /sup 238/U, /sup 232/Th]

Description: A photon spectroscopy system is described which is designed for the detection of plutonium and /sup 241/Am in soil samples with a minimum turnaround time. Quantification is based upon the 60-keV gamma emitted in /sup 241/Am decay and upon the uranium L x-rays (energies from 13 to 22 keV) emitted by plutonium isotopes during alpha decay. The detector is a single-crystal, intrinsic-germanium-planar detector with a surface area of 21 cm/sup 2/. Sensitivity is increased by incorporating a detector … more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: West, L.; Umbarger, C.J. & Dempsey, T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preconcentration of plutonium radionuclides from natural waters. [Pu in Eniwetok ground water, lagoon and open ocean waters]

Description: A large volume water sampler using manganese dioxide impregnated cartridges for the in situ separation of plutonium in sea water and ground water was studied. Plutonium concentrations obtained by this technique are compared with a radiochemical coprecipitation method. Consistent results were obtained between the two methods for water samples from the Pacific Ocean and Enewetak lagoon. Different results were noted from samples collected in the Enewetak reef and ground water stations. Using this … more
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Wong, K. M.; Nioshkin, V. E. & Jokela, T. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Some atmospheric tracer experiments in complex terrain at LASL: experimental design and data. [Fluorescent particle tracer study]

Description: Two series of atmospheric tracer experiments were conducted in complex terrain situations in and around the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Fluorescent particle tracers were used to investigate nighttime drainage flow in Los Alamos Canyon and daytime flow across the local canyon-mesa complex. This report describes the details of these experiments and presents a summary of the data collected. A subsequent report will discuss the analysis of these data.
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Archuleta, J.; Barr, S.; Clements, W.E.; Gedayloo, T. & Wilson, S.K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Studies of air pollution effects on vegetation

Description: The report consists of three parts which summarize pollutant-vegetation effects research studies. These include: oxidant effects of primary productivity in ponderosa pine in the San Bernardino National Forest; air pollution effects on vegetation related to geothermal power development; and regional assessment of air pollution impact on vegetation by mathematical modeling. A list of publications that report results of the studies is included in an appendix.
Date: January 1, 1978
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Identification of potential participant scientists and development of procedures for a national inventory of selected biological monitoring programs: a mail questionnaire survey

Description: Procedural details of how the National Biological Monitoring Inventory was conducted are described. Results of a nationwide telephone campaign to identify principal investigators and also of a nationwide questionnaire mailing to the investigators identified are presented. On the basis of percentage of questionnaire returns (nearly 50 percent), the Inventory was judged to be successful. The communication procedures, guidelines, and formats developed may be useful to others engaged in this type o… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Kemp, H.T.; Goff, F.G. & Ross, J.W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Darkling beetle populations (Tenebrionidae) of the Hanford site in southcentral Washington

Description: This 3-yr study documents the taxonomic composition, relative abundance, and seasonal distribution of darkling beetles occupying the Hanford Site in southcentral Washington. A taxonomic key and species diagnosis are provided to assist in identification by the nonspecialist. Analysis of food plant availability and selection serves to identify transfer pathways through beetle populations and permits construction of food web diagrams depicting the flow of materials through the darkling beetle comp… more
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: Rogers, L. E.; Woodley, N.; Sheldon, J. K. & Uresk, V. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Application of a microprocessor system to stream monitoring

Description: Low-level liquid wastes originating from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are discharged, after treatment, into White Oak Creek, which is a small tributary of the Clinch River located in East Tennessee. Samples of White Oak Creek discharges are collected at White Oak Dam by a continuous digital proportional water sampler and analyzed weekly for radioactivity. The sampler contains a control system with a microprocessor that has been programmed to solve nonlinear weir equations. This syst… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Oakes, T. W. & Shank, K. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Remeasurement of permanent vegetation plots in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA, and the implications of climatic changes on vegetation. Environmental Sciences Division publication No. 1111

Description: This report summarizes field work over two summers (1976 and 1977) to relocate, monument and reinventory permanent vegetation plots in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. These plots were first established by the senior author and R.H. Whittaker in 1959-62. The inventory results are discussed in terms of vegetation changes in high-altitudinal forest ecosystems, in particular the spruce-fir forests, and the factors, climate shift and biotic and abiotic agents, bringing about vegetation chan… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Becking, R. W. & Olson, J. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Impingement and entrainment of fishes at the Savannah River Plant: an NPDES 316b demonstration

Description: Environmental impacts of the Savannah River Plant's withdrawal of Savannah River water include impingement of juvenile and adult fish on trash removal screens, and entrainment of planktonic fish eggs and larval fish into the pumping system. The Savannah River Plant (SRP) has the capacity to pump 3.6 million cubic meters of water per day--25% of the minimal river discharge--for cooling and other purposes. Present removal is 7% of the actual river discharge. In the river and intake canals reside … more
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: McFarlane, R. W.; Frietsche, R. F. & Miracle, R. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Larvae and juveniles of the brook silverside, Labidesthes sicculus

Description: Protolarvae have 6 to 7 preanal and 29 to 31 postanal myomeres. Migration of the anus and pelvic buds during the metalarval phase results in 14 to 15 preanal and 24 to 25 postanal myomeres and causes a relative increase in prepelvic body length. Pectoral fins in protolarvae appear before finfold differentiation. Median fin ray development in mesolarvae appears sequentially in the caudal, anal, and soft dorsal fins, respectively. The spinous dorsal and pelvic fins differentiate in metalarvae. Pr… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Freitsche, R. A.; Miracle, R. D. & McFarlane, R. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Limnological aspects of acid precipitation

Description: Lakes and streams in parts of Norway, Sweden, Canada, and the United States are being severely impacted by acidic precipitation. Scientists meeting at Sagamore, New York, agreed that this is the most serious limnological problem today. The factor responsible for determining the sensitivity of surface waters to acidification is alkalinity derived by weathering of soils and bedrock in the watershed. Acidification, defined as a reduction in alkalinity, can be quantified if preacidification alkalin… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Hendrey, G.R. (ed.)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Monte Carlo Simulation of Turbulent Atmospheric Transport and Comparisons with Experimental Data. [/Sup 41/Ar Continuously Emitted From Bnl Reactor to Atmosphere]

Description: In a previous paper Peterson presented measurements on the /sup 41/Ar emitted continuously into the atmosphere from a reactor at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Here, calculated results obtained with the Monte Carlo atmospheric transport model of Watson and Barr are presented and compared with the experimental data. The measured quantities with which comparisons are made are: the position north of Brookhaven where the maximum /sup 41/Ar concentration occurred for specific values of x (east … more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Alsmiller, F. S.; Alsmiller, R. G., Jr.; Bertini, H. W. & Begovich, C. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Calculation of particulate dispersion in a design-basis tornadic storm from the Babcock and Wilcox Plant, Leechburg, Pennsylvania

Description: A three-dimensional numerical model is used to calculate ground-level air concentration and deposition (due to precipitation scavenging) after a hypothetical tornado strike at the Babcock and Wilcox Plutonium Fabrication Facility at Leechburg, Pennsylvania. Plutonium particles lss than 20 ..mu..m in diameter are assumed to be lifted into the tornadic storm cell by the vortex. The rotational characteristics of the tornadic storm are embedded within the larger mesoscale flow of the storm system. … more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Pepper, D.W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Functional complexity and ecosystem stability: an experimental approach

Description: The complexity-stability hypothesis was experimentally tested using intact terrestrial microcosms. Functional complexity was defined as the number and significance of component interactions (i.e., population interactions, physical-chemical reactions, biological turnover rates) influenced by nonlinearities, feedbacks, and time delays. It was postulated that functional complexity could be nondestructively measured through analysis of a signal generated from the system. Power spectral analysis of … more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Van Voris, P.; O'Neill, R.V.; Shugart, H.H. & Emanuel, W.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Experimental Engineering Section semiannual progress report, March 1-August 31, 1976. Volume 2. Biotechnology and environmental programs

Description: This volume contains the progress report of the biotechnology and environmental programs in the Experimental Engineering Section of the Chemical Technology Division. Research efforts in these programs during this report period have been in five areas: (1) environmental research; (2) centrifugal analyzer development; (3) advanced analytical systems development; (4) bioengineering research; and (5) bioengineering development. Summaries of these programmatic areas are contained in Volume I.
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Pitt, Jr., W. W. & Mrochek, J. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preliminary assessment of the impact of radionuclides in western coal on health and environment

Description: Samples of coal, ash, stack effluents, airborne particulates, soil, and vegetation associated with a power plant using Western coal were prepared and analyzed by alpha pulse height spectroscopy. The data were then used in an effort to calculate the radionuclide balance for the power plant, to model radiation dose to the population adjacent to the power plant, and to estimate radiation doses for power plant workers. Details of sampling and analytical procedures are presented elsewhere. The great… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Styron, C.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mound Laboratory tritium environmental study: 1976--1977

Description: In the course of an extensive investigation of tritium in the aquifer underlying the Mound Facility site, an unusual behavior was noted for a beta-emitting radionuclide contaminant present in the environs of the abandoned Miami-Erie Canal adjacent to the laboratory site. The soil contaminant was determined to be tritium, of which 90% was in the form of a relatively stable or bound species that was not readily exchangeable with the free water in the soil. (Bound-to-exchangeable transfer half-tim… more
Date: April 10, 1978
Creator: Kershner, C.J. & Rhinehammer, T.B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Plant species on the Department of Energy-Oak Ridge Reservation that are rare, threatened, or of special concern

Description: The need to protect endangered organisms has gained increased awareness during the past decade. These efforts have only recently been expanded to include plants. Lists of candidate species have been compiled for review and status designation by appropriate governmental actions. The Report on Endangered and Threatened Plant Species of the United States presented to Congress by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (U.S. Congress 1975) recommended that the preservation of critical habitats… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Parr, P. D. & Taylor, Jr., F. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Measurement of soil properties in-situ. Present methods: their applicability and potential

Description: The measurement of soil properties in-situ offers the advantages of minimal disturbance, retention of the in-situ state of stress, temperature, chemical, and biological environments, and cost effectiveness relative to many types of laboratory tests for evaluation of undisturbed soil properties. This report is concerned with techniques for in-situ measurement of permeability, strength, stress-deformation properties, and volume change properties; property classes which are of interest in most geo… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Mitchell, J.K.; Guzikowski, F. & Villet, W.C.B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Calculations for estimating the equilibrium washout of tritium

Description: The equilibrium washout of tritiated water vapor (HTO) and tritium gas (HT) downwind from an instantaneous point source can be estimated by simple formulas. Derivations for three different models (Fickian Puff, Leaky Puff, and Leaky Garbage Can) are given for estimating the washout/m/sup 2/ from a puff. Two models are given (Leaky Garbage Can and Fickian Puff) for calculating the fraction of pollution remaining in a puff after it has traveled over an arbitrary distance. The relationship between… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Long, P.E. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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