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Considerations in recycling contaminated scrap metal and rubble

Description: Management options for the Department of Energy's increasing amounts of contaminated scrap metal and rubble include reuse as is, disposal, and recycling. Recycling, with its promise of resource recovery, virgin materials conservation, and land disposal minimization, emerges as a preferred management technique. Implementing a cost effective recycling program requires resolution of several issues including: establishing release limits for contaminants, controlling use of recycled materials creati… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Kluk, A.F. (USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)) & Hocking, E.K. (Argonne National Lab., Washington, DC (United States))
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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St. Louis demonstration final report: refuse processing plant equipment, facilities, and environmental evaluations

Description: The results are presented of processing plant evaluations of the St. Louis-Union Electric Refuse Fuel Project, including equipment and facilities as well as assessment of environmental emissions at both the processing and the power plants. Data on plant material flows and operating parameters, plant operating costs, characteristics of plant material flows, and emissions from various processing operations were obtained during a testing program encompassing 53 calendar weeks. Refuse derived fuel … more
Date: September 1, 1977
Creator: Fiscus, D. E.; Gorman, P. G.; Schrag, M. P. & Shannon, L. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Metal-Smelting Facility

Description: Currently there are 90,000 tons of contaminated ferrous and nonferrous scrap metal stored in aboveground scrap yards at the Department of Energy's Uranium Enrichment Facilities in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio. This scrap is primarily contaminated with 100 to 500 ppM uranium at an average enrichment of 1 to 1.5% /sup 235/U. A study was performed that evaluated smelting of the ORGDP metal in a reference facility located at Oak Ridge. The study defined the process systems and baseline requirement… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Kellogg, D. R.; Mack, J. E.; Thompson, W. T. & Williams, L. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design Requirements for a Metal-Smelting Facility

Description: Functional requirements for the smelting of metal scrap contaminated with low-enriched uranium in a Metal Smelting Faclity (MSF) have been determined. The process will be designed to smelt ferrous metal scrap that has accumulated at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP) into one-ton ingots at a rate of 40 ingots per day (10,000 tons/year). Total scrap inventories at the ORGDP are currently estimated at 28,000 tons. The diffusion plant scrap is primarily contaminated with 100 to 200 ppm … more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Williams, L. C. & Mack, J. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Industrial recovered-materials-utilization targets for the metals and metal-products industry

Description: The National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978 directs DOE to set targets for increased utilization of energy-saving recovered materials for certain industries. These targets are to be established at levels representing the maximum feasible increase in utilization of recovered materials that can be achieved progressively by January 1, 1987 and is consistent with technical and economic factors. A benefit to be derived from the increased use of recoverable materials is in energy savings, as … more
Date: March 1, 1980
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Processing Capabilities for the Elimination of Contaminated Metal Scrapyards at DOE/ORO-Managed Sites

Description: Capabilities exist for reducing all the contaminated nickel, aluminum, and copper scrap to ingot form by smelting. Processing these metals at existing facilities could be completed in about 5 or 6 years. However, these metals represent only about 20% of the total metal inventories currently on hand at the DOE/ORO-managed sites. No provisions have been made for the ferrous scrap. Most of the ferrous scrap is unclassified and does not require secured storage. Also, the potential resale value of t… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Mack, J. E. & Williams, L. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Technical assessment of processes to enable recycling of low-level contaminated metal waste

Description: Accumulations of metal waste exhibiting low levels of radioactivity (LLCMW) have become a national burden, both financially and environmentally. Much of this metal could be considered as a resource. The Department of Energy was assigned the task of inventorying and classifying LLCMW, identifying potential applications, and applying and/or developing the technology necessary to enable recycling. One application for recycled LLCMW is high-quality canisters for permanent repository storage of high… more
Date: October 1, 1991
Creator: Reimann, G.A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recovery of plutonium by pyroredox processing

Description: Using pyrochemical oxidation and reduction, we have developed a process to recover the plutonium in impure scrap with less than 95% plutonium. This plutonium metal was further purified by pyrochemical electrorefining. During development of the procedures, depleted electrorefining anodes were processed, and over 80% of the plutonium was recovered as high-purity metal in one electrorefining cycle. Over 40 kg of plutonium has been recovered from 55 kg of impure anodes with our procedures. 6 refs.,… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: McNeese, J.A.; Bowersox, D.F. & Christensen, D.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Current segmented gamma-ray scanner technology

Description: A new generation of segmented gamma-ray scanners has been developed at Los Alamos for scrap and waste measurements at the Savannah River Plant and the Los Alamos Plutonium Facility. The new designs are highly automated and exhibit special features such as good segmentation and thorough shielding to improve performance.
Date: January 1, 1987
Creator: Bjork, C. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Berkeley UXO Discriminator (BUD)

Description: The Berkeley UXO Discriminator (BUD) is an optimally designed active electromagnetic system that not only detects but also characterizes UXO. The system incorporates three orthogonal transmitters and eight pairs of differenced receivers. it has two modes of operation: (1) search mode, in which BUD moves along a profile and exclusively detects targets in its vicinity, providing target depth and horizontal location, and (2) discrimination mode, in which BUD, stationary above a target, from a sing… more
Date: January 1, 2007
Creator: Gasperikova, Erika; Smith, J. Torquil; Morrison, H. Frank & Becker, Alex
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Discrimination Report ESTCP Project #MM-0437

Description: The FY06 Defense Appropriation contains funding for the 'Development of Advanced, Sophisticated, and Discrimination Technologies for UXO Cleanup' in the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program. In 2003, the Defense Science Board observed: 'The...problem is that instruments that can detect the buried UXOs also detect numerous scrap metal objects and other artifacts, which leads to an enormous amount of expensive digging. Typically 100 holes may be dug before a real UXO is unearth… more
Date: October 1, 2008
Creator: Gasperikova, Erika
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Nondestructive assay system development for a plutonium scrap recovery facility

Description: A plutonium scrap recovery facility is being constructed at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). The safeguards groups of the Los Alamos National Laboratory have been working since the early design stage of the facility with SRP and other national laboratories to develop a state-of-the-art assay system for this new facility. Not only will the most current assay techniques be incorporated into the system, but also the various nondestructive assay (NDA) instruments are to be integrated with an Instrum… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Hsue, S.T. & Baker, M.P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Survey of metallurgical recycling processes. Final report

Description: In the year 2000, the US will consume about 3.2 x 10/sup 15/ Btu to produce the seven major nonferrous metals Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mg, and Ti. Of this amount, 82% will be used in the production of Al. It is projected that 0.6 x 10/sup 15/ Btu will be saved by the recycle of secondary metals. Major opportunities for increasing the extent of recycle and thereby increasing the energy savings are discussed. An inherent feature in the energistics of recycle is that physical processes such as magnetic… more
Date: March 1, 1979
Creator: Pemsler, J.P.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Review of operating experience at the Los Alamos Plutonium Electrorefining Facility, 1963-1977

Description: This report reviews the operation of the Los Alamos Plutonium Electrorefining Plant at Technical Area 21 for the period 1964 through 1977. During that period, approximately 1568 kg of plutonium metal, > 99.95% pure, was produced in 653 runs from 1930 kg of metal fabrication scrap, 99% pure. General considerations of the electrorefining process and facility operation and recommendations for further improvement of the process are discussed.
Date: December 1, 1981
Creator: Mullins, L.J. & Morgan, A.N.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recent advances in segmented gamma scanner analysis

Description: The segmented gamma scanner (SGS) is used in many facilities to assay low-density scrap and waste generated in the facilities. The procedures for using the SGS can cause a negative bias if the sample does not satisfy the assumptions made in the method. Some process samples do not comply with the assumptions. This paper discusses the effect of the presence of lumps on the SGS assay results, describes a method to detect the presence of lumps, and describes an approach to correct for the lumps. Ot… more
Date: January 1, 1987
Creator: Sprinkle, J. K. Jr. & Hsue, S. T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Treatment alternatives for non-fuel-bearing hardware

Description: This evaluation compared four alternatives for the treatment or processing of non-fuel bearing hardware (NFBH) to reduce its volume and prepare it for disposal. These treatment alternatives are: shredding; shredding and low pressure compaction; shredding and supercompaction; and melting. These alternatives are compared on the basis of system costs, waste form characteristics, and process considerations. The study recommends that melting and supercompaction alternatives be further considered and… more
Date: January 1, 1987
Creator: Ross, W.A.; Clark, L.L. & Oma, K.H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Review of plutonium process chemistry at Rocky Flats

Description: Plutonium metal scrap, oxide, and other residues are processed at Rocky Flats using both pyrochemical and aqueous methods. The pyrochemical processes currently in production include electrorefining, fluorination, hydriding, molten salt extraction (MSE), calcination, and reduction operations. Aqueous processing and waste-treatment methods involve nitric acid dissolution, ion exchange, solvent extraction, and precipitation techniques. An overview of the chemistry involved in these operations will… more
Date: September 1, 1982
Creator: Baldwin, C.E. & Navratil, J.D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Reillex/trademark/ HPQ: A new, macroporous polyvinylpyridine resin for separating plutonium using nitrate anion exchange

Description: Anion exchange in nitric acid is the major aqueous process used to recover and purify plutonium from impure scrap materials. Most strong-base anion exchange resins incorporate a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. A newly available, macroporous anion exchange resin based on a copolymer of 1-methyl-4-vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene has been evaluated. Comparative data for Pu(IV) sorption kinetics and capacity are presented for this new resin and two other commonly used anion exchange resins. The … more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Marsh, S.F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Preventing pollution from plutonium processing

Description: The plutonium processing facility at Los Alamos has adopted the strategic goal of becoming a facility that processes plutonium in a way that produces only environmentally benign waste streams. Pollution prevention through source reduction and environmentally sound recycling are being pursued. General approaches to waste reductions are administrative controls, modification of process technologies, and additional waste polishing. Recycling of waste materials, such as spent acids and salts, are te… more
Date: November 1, 1993
Creator: Pillay, K. K. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Control levels for residual contamination in materials considered for recycle and reuse

Description: Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is collecting data and conducting technical analyses to support joint efforts by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Guidance, Air, Water and Radiation Division (DOE/EH-232); by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to develop radiological control criteria for the recycle and reuse of scrap materials and equipment that contain residual radioactive contamination. The initial … more
Date: September 1, 1993
Creator: Hill, R. L.; Aaberg, R. L.; Baker, D. A. & Kennedy, W. E. Jr.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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White goods recycling in the United States: Economic and technical issues in recovering, reclaiming, and reusing nonmetallic materials

Description: Obsolete white goods (appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, washers, dryers, ranges, dishwashers, water heaters, dehumidifiers, and air conditioners) contain significant quantities of recyclable materials, but because of economic and environmental concerns, only limited quantities of these scrap materials are currently being recycled. Appliances are manufactured from a mix of materials, such as metals, polymers, foam, and fiberglass; metals represent more than 75% of the total weight. App… more
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Karvelas, D. E.; Jody, B. J. & Daniels, E. J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Health risk and impact evaluation for recycling of radioactive scrap metal

Description: The DoE, Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, is participating with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in providing analytical support for developing international standards for recycling of radioactive scrap metals. For this purpose, Argonne National Laboratory is assessing health, environmental and societal implications of recycling and/or disposal process alternatives. This effort includes development of international inventory estimates for contam… more
Date: March 1, 1994
Creator: Nieves, L. A.; Chen, S. Y.; Murphie, W. E. & Lilly, M. J. III
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Application to ship nonmixed transuranic waste to the Nevada Test Site for interim storage. Waste Cerification Program

Description: This report documents various regulations on radioactive waste processing and discusses how the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant will comply with and meet these requirements. Specific procedures are discussed concerning transuranic, metal scrap, salt block, solid, and glove box wastes.
Date: December 1, 1993
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Spent Fuel and Waste Management Technology Development Program. Annual progress report

Description: This report provides information on the progress of activities during fiscal year 1993 in the Spent Fuel and Waste Management Technology Development Program (SF&WMTDP) at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP). As a new program, efforts are just getting underway toward addressing major issues related to the fuel and waste stored at the ICPP. The SF&WMTDP has the following principal objectives: Investigate direct dispositioning of spent fuel, striving for one acceptable waste form; determine… more
Date: January 1, 1994
Creator: Bryant, J. W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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