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Energy-Exchange Project

Description: The purpose of the study was to determine what energy savings can be achieved by coordinating the resources and requirements of two facilities, the 26th Ward Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP) and a housing development named Starrett City with its own total energy system. It was determined that three energy exchange options were economically and technically feasible. These include: the transfer of digester gas produced at the 26th Ward to the boilers at the Starrett City's total energy plant … more
Date: April 1, 1982
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design, development, and demonstration of a promising integrated appliance. Phase I: design. Final report

Description: The combination or integration of appliances for the economical recovery of energy which is normally wasted during the operation of heating systems, air conditioners, water heaters, stoves, clothes washers and driers, and refrigerators in homes and commercial buildings was studied. The potential energy savings achievable by using waste heat from one appliance as heat input to another, e.g., water heaters, was estimated, and the economic benefit to the consumer calculated. Six integrated applian… more
Date: September 1, 1977
Creator: Lee, W. D.; Lawrence, W. T. & Wilson, R. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solar hot water demonstration project at Red Star Industrial Laundry, Fresno, California

Description: The Final Report of the Solar Hot Water System located at the Red Star Industrial Laundry, 3333 Sabre Avenue, Fresno, California, is presented. The system was designed as an integrated wastewater heat recovery and solar preheating system to supply a part of the hot water requirements. It was estimated that the natural gas demand for hot water heating could be reduced by 56 percent (44 percent heat reclamation and 12 percent solar). The system consists of a 16,500 gallon tube-and-shell wastewate… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development of potential uses for the residue from fluidized bed combustion processes. Quarterly technical progress report, June-August 1980

Description: The following conclusions are recorded: The road base mixes in which quartz silica was substituted for the pulverized coal fly ash gave compressive strengths similar to those using the pulverized coal fly ash. The compressive strengths of road base mixes using recently produced AFB residue were of the same order of magnitude as those obtained in 1977, although the data covers a broad range of test results. Briquettes, produced from a number of trial mixes, show promise as a synthetic aggregate.… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Minnick, L.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Power plant reject heat utilization: an assessment of the potential for wide-scale implementation

Description: An assessment of the relative economic and heat utilization merits of plant reject heat utilization systems was made in an effort to indicate those technologies that show the greatest potential for wide-scale implementation in the power generating industry. The heat utilization systems were designed to accommodate the yearly cooling needs of a 1000-MW(e) power plant. Thus, for the purposes of this study, it was assumed that these systems replaced the cooling tower as the primary condenser cooli… more
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Olszewski, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cogeneration Handbook for the Pulp and Paper Industry. [Contains Glossary]

Description: The decision of whether to cogenerate involves several considerations, including technical, economic, environmental, legal, and regulatory issues. Each of these issues is addressed separately in this handbook. In addition, a chapter is included on preparing a three-phase work statement, which is needed to guide the design of a cogeneration system. In addition, an annotated bibliography and a glossary of terminology are provided. Appendix A provides an energy-use profile of the pulp and paper in… more
Date: March 1, 1984
Creator: Griffin, E. A.; Moore, N. L.; Fassbender, L. L.; Garrett-Price, B. A.; Fassbender, A. G.; Eakin, D. E. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cogeneration Handbook for the Textile Industry. [Contains Glossary]

Description: The decision of whether to cogenerate involves several considerations, including technical, economic, environmental, legal, and regulatory issues. Each of these issues is addressed separately in this handbook. In addition, a chapter is included on preparing a three-phase work statement, which is needed to guide the design of a cogeneration system. In addition, an annotated bibliography and a glossary of terminology are provided. Appendix A provides an energy-use profile of the textile industry.… more
Date: March 1, 1984
Creator: Garrett-Price, B. A.; Fassbender, L. L.; Moore, N. L.; Fassbender, A. G.; Eakin, D. E. & Gorges, H. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Opportunities for coal to methanol conversion

Description: The accumulations of mining residues in the anthracite coal regions of Pennsylvania offer a unique opportunity to convert the coal content into methanol that could be utilized in that area as an alternative to gasoline or to extend the supplies through blending. Additional demand may develop through the requirements of public utility gas turbines located in that region. The cost to run this refuse through coal preparation plants may result in a clean coal at about $17.00 per ton. After gasifica… more
Date: April 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recovery and reuse of asphalt roofing waste. Final report

Description: Burning of asphalt roofing waste as a fuel and incorporating asphalt roofing waste in bituminous paving were identified as the two outstanding resource recovery concepts out of ten studied. Four additional concepts might be worth considering under different market or technical circumstances. Another four concepts were rated as worth no further consideration at this time. This study of the recovery of the resource represented in asphalt roofing waste has identified the sources and quantities of … more
Date: February 2, 1984
Creator: Desai, S.; Graziano, G. & Shepherd, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cogeneration Handbook for the Petroleum Refining Industry. [Contains Glossary]

Description: The decision of whether to cogenerate involves several considerations, including technical, economic, environmental, legal, and regulatory issues. Each of these issues is addressed separately in this handbook. In addition, a chapter is included on preparing a three-phase work statement, which is needed to guide the design of a cogeneration system. In addition, an annotated bibliography and a glossary of terminology are provided. Appendix A provides an energy-use profile of the petroleum refinin… more
Date: March 1, 1984
Creator: Fassbender, L. L.; Garrett-Price, B. A.; Moore, N. L.; Fassbender, A.G.; Eakin, D. E. & Gorges, H. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Regenerative process for desulfurization of high temperature combustion and fuel gases. Quarterly progress report No. 5, April 1--June 30, 1977

Description: The sulfation rate of reagent-grade monocalcium silicate is of the same order of magnitude as that of limestone and higher than that of reagent-grade calcium oxide. It has been confirmed that the sulfated monocalcium silicate is more regenerable than the sulfated lime, i.e., the regeneration rate is higher with the silicate. X-ray diffraction and IR absorption results indicate that silica is chemically bonded to the calcium sulfate in the sulfated calcium silicate. Construction of a micro-pilot… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Steinberg, M & Yang, R T
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The production of fuels and chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator

Description: During 1991, considerable progress was made on the waste utilization project. Two small Wisconsin companies have expressed an interest in promoting and developing the ICRS technology. Pilot plant sites at (1) Hopkinton, IA, for a sweet whey plant, and Beaver Dam WI, for an acid whey site have been under development siting ICRS operations. The Hopkinton, IA site is owned and operated by Permeate Refining Inc., who have built a batch ethanol plant across the street from Swiss Valley Farms cheddar… more
Date: December 1, 1991
Creator: Dale, M.C.; Venkatesh, K.V.; Choi, Hojoon; Moelhman, M.; Saliceti, L.; Okos, M.R. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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District Heating and Cooling Systems for Communities Through Power Plant Retrofit and Distribution Network, City of Piqua, Ohio: Volume 1 [Executive Summary]

Description: The goal of the Piqua, Ohio District Heating and Cooling Demonstration Project is to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of using cogenerated thermal energy from the City's Municipal Power Plant to provide residential, commercial and industrial space heating and cooling and satisfy other community energy needs as appropriate. Progress in four tasks within this project is reported. These tasks include: development of team work plan resource allocation; identification of thermal energ… more
Date: September 18, 1979
Creator: Piqua (Ohio)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrochemistry applied to biomass. Progress report, October 1980-September 1981

Description: The electrochemical conversion of biomass-derived compounds, obtained through thermochemical pretreatments, into valuable organic chemicals, petrochemical substitutes, and energy-intensive chemicals is investigated. A hardwood-derived lignin obtained from ethanol extraction of the explosively depressurized aspen has been investigated. We have partially characterized this lignin material, and have also submitted it to electrolyses under controlled potential. The electrolytic conditions employed … more
Date: April 1, 1982
Creator: Chum, H. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Demonstration of energy conservation for multi-deck board dryers. Phase I. Final report

Description: A study was made to determine the feasibility of recover and reuse of low level heat from the exhausts of multi-deck dryers used to dry boards in the building materials industry. There are approximately 1000 dryers of this type in the USA, with no heat recovery equipment. These dryers are used in the manufacture of: roof insulation board, ceiling tile and panel stock, wood fiber sheathing, gypsum board, and veneer plywood. Pilot scale tests and analyses show that heat recovery designs utilizing… more
Date: February 8, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Review and problem definition of water/rock reactions associated with injection of spent geothermal fluids from a geothermal plant into aquifers

Description: Among the technical problems faced by the burgeoning geothermal industry is the disposal of spent fluids from power plants. Except in unusual circumstances the normal practice, especially in the USA, is to pump these spent fluids into injection wells to prevent contamination of surface waters, and possibly in some cases, to reduce pressure drawdown in the producing aquifers. This report is a survey of experience in geothermal injection, emphasizing geochemical problems, and a discussion of appr… more
Date: July 1, 1986
Creator: Elders, W. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Brayton-cycle heat-recovery-system characterization program. Gas-conditioning final evaluation report

Description: Flue gas conditioning approaches for the Brayton-cycle heat recovery system are discussed. This revision incorporates the results of recent AiResearch tests on the subatmospheric system (SAS) turbocompressor, as well as the Electric Power Research Institute sponsored tests on ceramic fiber filters. The two primary purposes of the gas conditioning evaluation are: to determine the need for protecting the Brayton-cycle turbocompressor and heat exchanger from the potential damaging effects of erosi… more
Date: July 31, 1981
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation on the utilization of coal fly ash as amendment to compost for vegetation in acid soil

Description: Application of fly ash-amended composts as manure enhances the crop yield of certain plants like corn, sorghum, collard and mustard greens. Organic compost made out of grass and leaves (home-made) is better than the commercial composts for amendment with fly ash. A 20--40% fly ash in the amended compost and a soil to ash-amended compost ratio of 3:1 are recommended for making bed for plantation. Organic compost mixed with fly ash, due to reduced porosity, will help the bed to retain water and c… more
Date: August 1, 1991
Creator: Menon, M.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Recent developments in the Sandia Laboratories' sewage sludge irradiation program

Description: Pathogen reduction studies have shown that a 1 Mrad treatment (or less at elevated temperatures) is very effective in eliminating pathogenic bacteria and viable parasite ova in liquid sludges. Heat is effective in reducing levels not only of pathogenic bacteria and Ascaris ova, but viruses as well. Ammonia has been shown to be virucidal to poliovirus and several other enteric viruses. Sludge processing costs are seen to be marginally competitive with heat treatment for liquid sludges and relati… more
Date: November 1, 1977
Creator: Sivinski, H. D.; Brandon, J. R.; Morris, M. E.; Neuhauser, K. S.; Ward, R. L.; McCaslin, B. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Development and production cost analysis for subatmospheric Brayton system for Brayton-cycle heat-recovery system, characterization program, Subtask A. 4. 2. 4 of Phase I program plan

Description: This document reports on the cost analysis previously performed for a subatmospheric Brayton cycle system sized to operate off the waste heat of a nominal 200-ton per day glass container furnace. Along with product value and operating costs, the cost data for system components is one of the essential elements required for analyses and prediction of the return-on-investment for a Brayton system. The expected ROI or payback will in turn impact the marketability of the system. This report describe… more
Date: June 30, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy Conservation in Fruit Dehydrators Utilizing Recirculation of Exhaust Air and Heat Recovery Heat Exchangers. Final Report

Description: Dehydration of fruit in the United States is often done by means of a tunnel dehydrator utilizing large quantities of fossil fuel. Existing dehydrators have been designed to operate with maximum product through-put and with little regard for energy efficiency. Incorporating controlled recirculating air dampers and thermal energy recovery equipment on the exhaust air, calculations and preliminary tests show that the energy required in dehydration may be cut by up to 40%. During this work, one tu… more
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Groh, J. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Summary of the development of open-cycle gas turbine-steam cycles

Description: Combined-cycle plants employing gas turbine cycles superimposed on conventional steam plants are well developed. Nearly 200 units are operating in the US on clean fuels (natural gas or distillate fuel oils) and giving overall thermal efficiencies as high as 42%. Future plants will have to use coal or coal-derived fuels, and this presents problems because gas turbines are very sensitive to particulates and contaminants in the fuel such as sulfur, potassium, lead, etc. If clean liquid or high-Btu… more
Date: September 1, 1980
Creator: Lackey, M. E. & Thompson, A. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Utilization of coal associated minerals. Quarterly report No. 10, January 1-March 31, 1980

Description: In the preceding quarterly report, it was reported that while sampling the Solvent Refined Coal II (SRC II) pilot plant at Fort Lewis, Washington, the plant went down and vacuum bottoms waste material representing the minerals flow at the last steady state condition were obtained. This plant has been sampled again and samples of the incoming feed coal, sized coal and vacuum bottoms waste material were obtained. As part of our effort to trace the same mineral suite through mining, preparation an… more
Date: July 15, 1980
Creator: Slonaker, J. F.; Buttermore, W. H.; Carlisle, J. A.; Durham, D. L.; Muter, R. B. & Alderman, J. K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Operator Manual: High Temperature Heat Pump

Description: Experimental data is being obtained from operating a high temperature heat pump system. The use of methanol as a working fluid will necessitate careful monitoring of refrigerant temperatures and pressures with chemical analysis performed on the working fluid during scheduled down time. Materials sent to vendors by Auburn University and quotes received by Auburn concerning equipment (compressor, evaporator, condensor, air heater, dryer, two accumulator tanks, and three expansion valves) are disc… more
Date: March 4, 1980
Creator: Dyer, D. F.; Maples, G.; Burch, T. E. & Chancellor, P. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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