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Assessment of research and development (R and D) needs in ammonia safety and environmental control

Description: This report characterizes the ammonia industry operations, reviews current knowledge of ammonia release and subsequent impacts, summarizes the status of release prevention and control methods and identify research and development needs for safety and environmental control. Appendices include: accidental spills and human exposure; adiabatic mixing of liquid nitrogen and air; fire and explosion hazards; and environmental impact rating tables. (PSB)
Date: September 1, 1981
Creator: Brenchley, D.L.; Athey, G.F. & Bomelburg, H.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Resource, technology, and environment at the geysers

Description: A general review, description, and history of geothermal development at the Geysers is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on environmental impacts of development of the area. The discussion is presented under the following chapter titles: introduction; energy, enthalpy and the First Law; vapor-producing geothermal reservoirs--review and models; geothermal; entropy and the Second Law; power plants--basics; H/sub 2/S emissions; hydrogen sulfide--possible health effects and odor; other emiss… more
Date: June 1, 1977
Creator: Weres, O.; Tsao, K. & Wood, B.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

OTEC-1 Power System Test Program: test plan for first deployment

Description: This report describes in detail all tests planned for the first eight-month deployment of OTEC-1, a test facility constructed by the US Department of Energy in order to test heat exchangers for closed-cycle power plants using ocean thermal energy. Tests to be performed during the first-deployment period are aimed primarily at determining (1) the effectiveness of countermeasures in preventing biofouling of the heat exchanters, (2) the extent of environmental impacts associated with operation of … more
Date: March 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proof of concept testing of an integrated dry injection system for SO sub x /NO sub x control

Description: The objectives of the subscale test program were designed to provide sorbent and additive selection guidance, and, in so doing, supply answers to the questions posed in the preceding section. The objectives are: Identify the best commercial hydrate sorbent and the best enhanced hydrate sorbent from a list of nine types, based upon S0{sub 2} removal at Ca/S=2. Determine the relative effectiveness of sodium sesquicarbonate versus sodium bicarbonate for S0{sub 2} and NO{sub x} control over the tem… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Helfritch, D.J.; Bortz, S.J. (Research-Cottrell, Inc., Somerville, NJ (United States). Environmental Services and Technologies Div.) & Beittel, R. (Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA (United States))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Diagnosing vegetation injury caused by air pollution

Description: The structure and function of plants in relation to air pollution injury is discussed. The sources, atmospheric chemistry, monitoring data, symptomatology, factors affecting plant response, injury threshold doses, air quality standards, relative sensitivity of plants, and leaf tissue analysis are discussed for major air pollutants. Among the pollutants discussed are: the photochemical oxidants (ozone, PAN, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and fluorides). Minor pollutants discussed in the same f… more
Date: February 1, 1978
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: A batch kinetic study involving Clostridium lungdahlii in a mineral medium was carried out in order to provide baseline data for the effects of nutrients on product ratio and kinetics. The use of this minimal medium containing vitamins, minerals, select amino acids and salts showed both a lower maximum specific growth rate and a lower maximum specific uptake rate than found when using a complex medium supplemented with 0.01% yeast extract. At the same time, the product ratio was improved slight… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

A novel carbon-based process for flue gas cleanup

Description: The objective of this project is to demonstrate the preliminary technical and economic feasibility of a novel carbon-based process for removal of at least 95% SO{sub 2} and at least 75% NO{sub x} coal combustion flue gas. In the process, flue gas leaving the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is passed through a trickle bed of achieved carbon catalyst employing a periodic flush of low strength sulfuric acid. The SO{sub 2} is oxidized to SO{sub 3} and removed as medium strength sulfuric acid. The … more
Date: April 1, 1992
Creator: Gangwal, S.K. (Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)) & Silveston, P.L. (Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Proof of concept testing of an integrated dry injection system for SO sub x /NO sub x control

Description: The objective of the subscale test program were designed to provide sorbent and additive selection guidance, and, in so doing, supply answers to the questions posed in the preceding section. The objectives are: Identify the best commercial hydrate sorbent and the best enhanced hydrate sorbent from a list of nine types, based upon S0{sub 2} removal at Ca/S=2. Determine the relative effectiveness of sodium sesquicarbonate versus sodium bicarbonate for S0{sub 2} and NO{sub x} control over the temp… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Helfritch, D.J.; Bortz, S.J. (Research-Cottrell, Inc., Somerville, NJ (United States). Environmental Services and Technologies Div.) & Beittel, R. (Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA (United States))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Control of catalytic hydrotreating selectivity with ammonia. [Hydrodeoxygenation]

Description: The hydrogenation of naphthalene in the presence of 0, 24, or 48 kPa of ammonia derived from propyl amine was studied during the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of dibenzofuran (DBF). A new sample of sulfided NiMo/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst at 360{degrees}C, 6.9 MPa total H{sub 2} pressure in a vapor phase tubular reactor was used. As a base-line the HDO of DBF was also studied in the absence of both naphthalene and ammonia. Ammonia inhibited both the HDO of dibenzofuran and the hydrogenation of napht… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Satterfield, C. N. & Lee, C. M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development. Preliminary design report, Appendices, Part 1 (Final)

Description: The objective of this project is the development of a preliminary design for a full-sized, closed cycle, ammonia power system module for the 100 MWe OTEC demonstration plant. In turn, this demonstration plant is to demonstrate, by 1984, the operation and performance of an Ocean Thermal Power Plant having sufficiently advanced heat exchanger design to project economic viability for commercial utilization in the late 1980's and beyond. Included in this power system development are the preliminary… more
Date: December 4, 1978
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal

Description: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. A maximum specific growth rate of 0.095h{sup {minus}1} was found at 37{degrees}C, a normal optimum temperature for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. A maximum specific uptake rate of 0.0095 mmol/mg{center dot}h was found at a slightly higher temperature of 40{degrees}C. CSTR studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. As expected, growth was best… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation (OTEC) power system development (PDS) II. Preliminary design report

Description: This report documents the results and conclusions of the PDS II, Phase I, preliminary design of a 10 MWe OTEC power system, using enhanced plate type heat exchangers, and of representative 0.2 MWe test articles. It further provides the documentation (specifications, drawings, trade studies, etc.) resulting from the design activities. The data and discussions of the technical concepts are organized to respond to the PDS II, Phase II proposal evaluation criteria. This volume, which specifically a… more
Date: August 10, 1979
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Semiclassical methods for nonseparable systems

Description: Semiclassical techniques have been widely used for describing the dynamics of molecular collisions. The calculation of discrete energy eigenvalue spectra in bound systems has also employed semiclassical methods. Work has been done toward developing semiclassical theories for rate constants in reactive systems and semiclassical eigenvalues in bound systems. Application of these theories have been made to nonseparable multidimensional systems. Transition-state theory has played an important role … more
Date: August 1, 1977
Creator: Garrett, B.C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Survey of absorption cooling technology in solar applications

Description: A comprehensive survey of the current state of the absorption cooling technology has been conducted. This survey discusses the basic and applied absorption cooling/heating technology, analyses the current state of the art including the discussion of limitations and possible solutions, identifies areas where promising developments are indicated, lists the current products and activities of the absorption industry, and presents the current RD and D efforts of the U.S. government. The main subject… more
Date: July 1, 1977
Creator: Auh, P C
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Studies of the surface structures of molecular crystals and of adsorbed molecular monolayers on the (111) crystal faces of platinum and silver by low-energy electron diffraction

Description: The structures of molecular crystal surfaces were investigated for the first time by the use of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The experimental results from a variety of molecular crystals were examined and compared as a first step towards understanding the properties of these surfaces on a microscopic level. The method of sample preparation employed, vapor deposition onto metal single-crystal substrates at low temperatures in ultrahigh vacuum, allowed concurrent study of the structure… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Firment, L.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Combustion Research Program: Flame studies, laser diagnostics, and chemical kinetics

Description: We have made a detailed study of the care that must be taken to correctly measure OH radical concentrations in flames. A large part of these studies has concerned collisional quenching of hydride radical species (OH, NH, and NH{sub 2}), in particular the dependence upon rotational level and collision velocity (temperature). The results on OH and NH have shown unique and interesting behavior from the viewpoint of fundamental molecular dynamics, pointing to quenching often governed by collisions … more
Date: January 22, 1991
Creator: Crosley, D.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation in Minnesota and North Dakota. Final report, July 1, 1977-Jun 30, 1980

Description: Precipitation chemistry in central North American appears to e controlled by interaction between soil-derived alkaline dust and gaseous NH/sub 3/ from the cultivated prairie and anthropogenic acid aerosols from the urban-industrial Lower Great Lakes-Ohio Valley region. Analyses of major ions and trace metals in precipitation event and snow core samples along a 600-km transect from the North Dakota prairie to the northeastern Minnesota forest indicate that loadings and concentrations of Ca/sup +… more
Date: July 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Geothermal reservoir engineering research at Stanford University. First annual report, October 1, 1980-September 30, 1981

Description: The work on energy extraction experiments concerns the efficiency with which the in-place heat and fluids can be produced. The work on noncondensable gas reservoir engineering covers both the completed and continuing work in these two interrelated research areas: radon emanation from the rock matrix of geothermal reservoirs, and radon and ammonia variations with time and space over geothermal reservoirs. Cooperative research programs with Italy and Mexico are described. The bench-scale experime… more
Date: September 1, 1981
Creator: Brigham, W.E.; Horne, R.N.; Kruger, P.; Miller, F.G. & Ramey, H.J. Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development (PSD) II. Preliminary design report. Appendix I: specifications and drawings

Description: This volume contains the specifications and drawings prepared in support of the preliminary design of a 10MWe OTEC power system using enhanced plate type heat exchangers. Included are: (1) the specification tree; (2) system specification; (3) 10 MWe heat exchangers; (4) nitrogen storage, conditioning and supply subsystem specification; (5) ammonia storage, conditioning and supply specification; (6) electrical power distribution and control subsystem specification; (7) equipment valves, instrume… more
Date: August 10, 1979
Creator: Pearson, R.O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Maintenance of a rural precipitation chemistry center at Whiteface Mountain

Description: For the Past 11 years, Whiteface Mountain (WFM) has been successfully collecting data according to the MAP3S (Multistate Power Production Pollution Study) protocols. These protocols include field sampling, laboratory procedures, sample handling and shipment, and supporting measurements at the summit or lodge including meteorological and air quality parameters. All blind tests and audits have been successfully passed. Since the beginning of the MAP3S program it was recognized that, because of it… more
Date: September 1, 1991
Creator: Mohnen, V.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Thermal energy storage technical progress report, April 1990--March 1991

Description: The Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting development of thermal energy storage (TES) as a means of efficiently coupling energy supplies to variable heating or cooling demands. Uses of TES include electrical demand-side management in buildings and industry, extending the utilization of renewable energy resources such as solar, and recovery of waste heat from periodic industrial processes. Technical progress to develop TES for specific diurnal and industrial applications under Oak Ridge Natio… more
Date: March 1, 1992
Creator: Tomlinson, J.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Noninvasive measurement of regional myocardial glucose metabolism by positron emission computed tomography. [Dogs]

Description: While the results of regional myocardial glucose metabolism measurements using positron emission computed tomography (/sup 13/N-ammonia) are promising, their utility and value remains to be determined in man. If this technique can be applied to patients with acute myocardial ischemia or infarction it may permit delineation of regional myocardial segments with altered, yet still active metabolism. Further, it may become possible to evaluate the effects of interventions designed to salvage revers… more
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Schelbert, H. R. & Phelps, M. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Solar thermal hydrogen production process. Annual technical progress report, January-December, 1979

Description: Westinghouse is currently under contract to DOE for technology development of the Sulfur Cycle, a hybrid thermochemical-electrochemical process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water. Operational studies have been conducted and have resulted in definitions of operating modes for solar/hydrogen plants and in assessments of the day/night and annual variations in performance that will influence the operating modes and the sizing of plant subsystems. Conceptual design studies have bee… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Parker, G.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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