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Defense Primer: Lowest Price Technically Acceptable Contracts

Description: This report discusses the use of lowest-price technically-acceptable (LPTA) contracts by the Department of Defense (DOD), benefits of using LPTA, and when it is appropriate.
Date: September 4, 2018
Creator: Schwartz, Moshe & McConnaughay, Brendan K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electric Grid Cybersecurity

Description: This report discusses the current state of electric grid cybersecurity, and the interconnected dependency of critical infrastructure with regard to electric sector reliability. It includes discussions of recent developments, cyber and physical security, threats to the grid and supply chain risks, use of artificial intelligence, improvements to grid cybersecurity, recent legislation and other issues for Congress.
Date: September 4, 2018
Creator: Campbell, Richard J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Federal Role in U.S. Campaigns and Elections: An Overview

Description: This report provides a resource for understanding the current campaigns and elections regulatory structure. It addresses those areas of law and public policy that most directly and routinely affect American campaigns and elections: campaign finance; election administration; election security; redistricting; qualifications and contested elections; and voting rights.
Date: September 4, 2018
Creator: Garrett, R. Sam
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Frequently Asked Questions

Description: This report discusses the Trade Promotion Authority program which allows the President to request an expedited procedure for an international trade deal that meets certain requirements. The report answers a variety of frequently asked questions regarding TPA's functions and purpose and Congressional power over it.
Date: September 4, 2018
Creator: Fergusson, Ian F. & Davis, Christopher M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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U.N. Report Recommends Burmese Military Leaders Be Investigated and Prosecuted for Possible Genocide

Description: This report discusses the United Nations recommendations that the International Criminal Court (ICC) investigate and prosecute "senior officials in the Tatmadaw" (Burma's military) for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. It also discusses U.S. and international response and the steps that will be taken next.
Date: September 4, 2018
Creator: Martin, Michael F.; Weed, Matthew C. & Willett, Colin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Possible U.S. Policy Approaches to North Korea

Description: This report describes President Trump's current policy toward North Korea and possible options for future U.S. policy. Options include diplomatic engagement, international and U.S. sanction increases, military strikes, destabilization of the North Korean government through intelligence activities and popular resentment, enhanced military cooperation with allies, and additional funding for preventing arms trading and related trade with North Korea.
Date: September 4, 2017
Creator: Chanlett-Avery, Emma & Manyin, Mark E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress, and refers readers to more in-depth CRS reports on specific Arctic-related issues. Issues such as Arctic sovereignty claims; commercial shipping through the Arctic; Arctic oil, gas, and mineral exploration; endangered Arctic species; and increased military operations in the Arctic could cause the region in coming years to become an arena of international cooperation or competition.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Drought Legislation: Comparison of Selected Provisions in H.R. 2898 and S. 1894

Description: This report summarizes the provisions of S. 1894, as introduced, and H.R. 2898, as passed by the House for conservation of fish species and their habitats in drought-stricken areas. It identifies comparable provisions between the two bills and discusses some of the ways in which those provisions overlap or differ. It also summarizes selected other major provisions in each bill.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Stern, Charles V.; Sheikh, Pervaze A.; Cody, Betsy A.; Carter, Nicole T. & Copeland, Claudia
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The European Union: Questions and Answers

Description: This report serves as a primer on the European Union and provides a brief description of U.S.-EU relations that may be of interest in the 114th Congress.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Europe's Migration and Refugee Crisis

Description: This report discusses the migration and refugee crisis in Europe, as people flee conflict and poverty in neighboring regions. Many are from the Middle East and Africa; others come from Ukraine, as well as Kosovo and elsewhere in the Western Balkans. Experts have characterized the influxes as mixed migration, defined as flows of different groups of people--such as economic migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers, stateless persons, trafficked persons, and unaccompanied children--who travel the same r… more
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Archick, Kristin & Margesson, Rhoda
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 ("Tax Extenders")

Description: This report provides a broad overview of tax extenders -- a collective of temporary tax provisions for which measures have regularly extended the provisions when expired or expiring. Fifty-two temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2014.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Vessel Incidental Discharge Act: Background and Issues

Description: This report discusses the combination of regulations and standards for controlling vessel discharges, which is at issue today and is addressed in legislation in the 114th Congress, the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act.
Date: September 4, 2015
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Campaign Finance: Constitutionality of Limits on Contributions and Expenditures

Description: The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law.... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." This provision limits the government's power to restrict speech. In 1976, the Supreme Court issued its landmark campaign finance ruling in Buckley v. Valeo. In Buckley, the Court determined that limits on campaign contributions, which involve giving money to an entity, and expenditures, which involve spending money directly for electoral advocacy, implic… more
Date: September 4, 2014
Creator: Whitaker, L. Paige
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Congressional Participation in Article III Courts: Standing to Sue

Description: This report seeks to provide an overview of Congress's ability to participate in litigation before Article III courts. The report is limited to a discussion of Congress's participation in litigation as either a plaintiff (e.g., the party initiating the suit alleging some sort of harm or violation of law) or as a third-party intervener (e.g., a party who is seeking to join litigation already initiated by another plaintiff).
Date: September 4, 2014
Creator: Dolan, Alissa M. & Garvey, Todd
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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A Primer on the Reviewability of Agency Delay and Enforcement Discretion

Description: This report discusses the general legal principles applied in determining whether administrative delays are reviewable in court in these two different contexts and then address whether the procedures outlined in the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) are applicable to these delays.
Date: September 4, 2014
Creator: Shedd, Daniel T. & Garvey, Todd
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Take Care Clause and Executive Discretion in the Enforcement of Law

Description: This report addresses the President's general obligation to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed." The report then discusses the limited role the judicial branch has traditionally adopted in reviewing discretionary enforcement decisions, including the decision to initiate a criminal prosecution or an administrative enforcement action. The report concludes with a discussion of Congress's authority to restrict executive discretion in the enforcement of federal law.
Date: September 4, 2014
Creator: Garvey, Todd
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy

Description: This report offers background information on Ukraine's current political and economic situation. It also discusses U.S. policy, U.S. aid to Ukraine, the congressional response, and related legislation.
Date: September 4, 2014
Creator: Woehrel, Steven
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Energy Tax Policy: Issues in the 113th Congress

Description: This report discusses the energy tax policy that may also be considered as part of comprehensive tax reform legislation in the 113th Congress. Also the report discusses a number of other energy tax incentives, including provisions to support building energy efficiency and renewable fuels, that are also scheduled to expire at the end of 2013.
Date: September 4, 2013
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): Policy Issues

Description: This report is categorized into three categories: (I) Basic Provisions of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), (II) Eligibility for FMLA Leave, and (III) FMLA Policy Issues.
Date: September 4, 2013
Creator: Mayer, Gerald
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

NSA Surveillance Leaks: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report discusses the specifics of these two NSA collection programs. The first program collects in bulk the phone records--including the number that was dialed from, the number that was dialed to, and the date and duration of the call--of customers of Verizon and possibly other U.S. telephone service providers. The second program targets the electronic communications, including content, of foreign targets overseas whose communications flow through American networks.
Date: September 4, 2013
Creator: Rollins, John W. & Liu, Edward C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Syria: Overview of the Humanitarian Response

Description: This report examines the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Syria and the U.S. and international response and will be updated as events warrant.
Date: September 4, 2013
Creator: Margesson, Rhoda & Chesser, Susan G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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