282 Matching Results

Search Results

Advanced search parameters have been applied.
in subjects: "Shales"  
Results: 1 - 24 next
open access

Analysis of Paraho oil shale products and effluents: an example of the multi-technique approach

Description: Inorganic analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous samples from the Paraho Semiworks Retort was completed using a multitechnique approach. The data were statistically analyzed to determine both the precision of each method and to see how closely the various techniques compared. The data were also used to determine the redistribution of 31 trace and major elements in the various effluents, including the offgas for the Paraho Retort operating in the direct mode. The computed mass balances show that … more
Date: June 10, 1979
Creator: Fruchter, J. S.; Wilkerson, C. L.; Evans, J. C. & Sanders, R. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Model capabilities for in-situ oil shale recovery

Description: The extensive oil shale reserves of the United States are now under development as an energy source. One of the approaches for extracting oil from shale is the so-called modified in-situ retort. The operation of such retorts for maximum yield requires an understanding of oil loss mechanisms so that operating strategies that minimize these losses can be developed. The present modeling capabilities for describing the behavior and yield from a modified in-situ retort are discussed. It is shown how… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Hommert, P.J. & Tyner, C.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

An overview of acoustic telemetry

Description: Acoustic telemetry has been a dream of the drilling industry for the past 50 years. It offers the promise of data rates which are one-hundred times greater than existing technology. Such a system would open the door to true logging-while-drilling technology and bring enormous profits to its developers. The basic idea is to produce an encoded sound wave at the bottom of the well, let it propagate up the steel drillpipe, and extract the data from the signal at the surface. Unfortunately, substant… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Drumheller, D. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Anaerobic fermentation of simulated in-situ oil shale retort water

Description: The feasibility of removing soluble organics from oil shale retort water by anaerobic digestion with methane production was experimentally investigated. The following conclusions were made. The retort water studied had to be pretreated to remove toxic and add deficient constituents before it could be successfully treated with the anaerobic fermentation process. Pretreatment included pH adjustment to 7, ammonia reduction, and nutrient addition. A digested sludge from a conventional municipal sew… more
Date: November 1, 1977
Creator: Ossio, E. A.; Fox, J. P.; Thomas, J. F. & Poulson, R. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

True in-situ bed preparation: oil shale and tar sand

Description: In 1978, a detailed study was conducted to evaluate the status of the bed preparation technology that had been developed for true in-situ processing of oil shale. It was concluded that the two techniques which had received the bulk of the attention in prior field experimentation, namely the wellbore springing and hydraulic/explosive fracturing concepts, both had inherent traits which would prevent them from being useful in practical applications. In the current paper, the previous results are r… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Boade, R. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Industrial hygiene concerns associated with oil shale development

Description: Health protection concerns (including industrial hygiene, safety, and occupational medicine) must be evaluated to insure that development of the oil shale industry proceeds without significant risk to the health of the workers involved. These concerns need to be identified in the early stages of developing this industry. To provide a basis for discussing potential health protection concerns related to oil shale, it is necessary to briefly discuss the magnitude and characteristics of this resour… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Ettinger, H.J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Shale-oil-wastewater treatment by evaporation

Description: Experimental studies were performed to assess the feasibility of using evaporation to treat oil shale retort water. Retort wastewaters from an in situ shale oil site near Vernal, Utah, were used in this study. This wastewater has a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 7000 mg/L, total organic carbon (TOC) of 2000 mg/L, and ammonia concentrations of 1600 mg/L. Data for this study were collected from a bench-model evaporator with a 95 L/day capacity. Preliminary results show that reductions of 90% in … more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Wakamiya, W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

New generation of monitors for PAH's from synthetic fuel production

Description: A gap exists between the crude techniques available for measuring polynuclear aromatic (PNA) compounds in the workplace, and the sophisticated analytical tools used in the laboratory for a much more complete characterization of pollutants from synfuel operations such as coal, tar sand, and oil shale processing. Real-time or near-real instruments suitable for use by industrial hygienists are urgently needed to measure fugitive emissions. Several new instruments and instrumental techniques are de… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Gammage, R B; Vo-Dinh, T; Hawthorne, A R; Thorngate, J H & Parkinson, W W
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Preliminary examination of oil bonding at sand surfaces and its influence on hot water separation

Description: The efficiency of water-based separation of oil from sand particles is dependent on the nature of the oil-sand association and a preliminary examination of this bonding has been completed. The degree of hydration of the sand surface at the time of contact with oil was related to the subsequent efficiency of the oil-sand separation process. Variables which influence hot water separation were correlated by multiple linear regression, and a second order experimental model was obtained. The process… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Hupka, J.; Budzich, M. & Miller, J. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of the eastern gas shales

Description: The outgassing characteristics of the shale are being investigated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. An extensive geochemical characterization of the samples is also being performed. This characterization includes the identification of secondary resources. Mechanical testing and mass spectrometry have been integrated to provide some insight into the mechanical properties of the shale and gas released from the shale as a function of newly exposed surface area. Mechanical tests are … more
Date: unknown
Creator: Zielinski, R.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Processing of oil shale in molten hydroxides

Description: Scoping experiments to determine bounds on a possible process for producing fuel hydrocarbons from oil shale by pyrolysis in a bath of molten Na, Li, and K hydroxides have been done. The process can be carried out at relatively low temperatures, 200 to 225/sup 0/C, requires the presence of water and oxygen, and gives hydrocarbon and organic acid products, apparently free of sulfur and nitrogen. A mechanism of oxidation of kerogen at heteroatoms and other functional groups, followed by decarboxy… more
Date: January 1, 1984
Creator: Hues, A.D.; Rofer-DePoorter, C.K. & Rogers, R.N.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

New Method to Determine the Independent Shear Moduli of Transversely Isotropic Materials

Description: A new and simple method is presented to determine the independent shear moduli of transversely isotropic materials. The method is tested on Green River Formation oil shale, one of such materials. The method is applicable for linear and nonlinear elastic materials. Mathematical formulation, derivation and solution are given, and test apparatus and results are presented. Comparison with other approximate results and acoustical methods are made. Confirmation of the test method with materials havin… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Chong, K. P.; Chen, J. L.; Uenishi, K. & Smith, J. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fossil energy research meeting

Description: U.S. ERDA's research programs in fossil energy are reviewed with brief descriptions, budgets, etc. Of general interest are discussions related to the capabilities for such research of national laboratories, universities, energy centers, etc. Of necessity many items are treated briefly, but a general overview of the whole program is provided. (LTN)
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Kropschot, R. H. & Phillips, G. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Dynamic rock fragmentation: oil shale applications

Description: Explosive rock fragmentation techniques used in many resource recovery operations have in the past relied heavily upon traditions of field experience for their design. As these resources, notably energy resources, become less accessible, it becomes increasingly important that fragmentation techniques be optimized and that methods be developed to effectively evaluate new or modified explosive deployment schemes. Computational procedures have significant potential in these areas, but practical ap… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Boade, R. R.; Grady, D. E. & Kipp, M. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Toxicologic studies of SRC materials

Description: Investigations on the toxicity of SRC materials are reported. Toxicological studies include: microbial mutageneis (Ames test); in vitro mammalian cell toxicity and transformation assays; epidermal carcinogenesis (skin painting); acute and subchronic oral toxicity; developmental toxicity; dominant lethal assays; inhalation toxicity; and dosimetry and metabolism. The materials tested include: SRC-I process solvent, wash solvent, and light oil; SRC-II heavy distillate, middle distillate, and light… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Mahlum, D. D.; Pelroy, R. A.; Drucker, H.; Wilson, B. W.; Massey, M. J. & Schmalzer, D. K.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Geochemical characterization of Devonian gas shale

Description: Detailed geochemical analyses are being used to provide an accurate assessment of the oil and gas resources present in the Devonian shales in the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. The suite of geochemical analyses is designed to evaluate the organic richness, the hydrocarbon potential, the type of organic matter and the thermal maturity of the organic matter. Laboratory techniques such as pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass balance thermal extraction were also employed to measure thermally der… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Zielinski, R.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Processing needs and methodology for wastewaters from the conversion of coal, oil shale, and biomass to synfuels

Description: The workshop identifies needs to be met by processing technology for wastewaters, and evaluates the suitability, approximate costs, and problems associated with current technology. Participation was confined to DOE Environmental Control Technology contractors to pull together and integrate past wastewater-related activities, to assess the status of synfuel wastewater treatability and process options, and to abet technology transfer. Particular attention was paid to probable or possible environm… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Synthesis of organic geochemical data from the Eastern Gas Shales

Description: Over 2400 core and cuttings samples of Upper Devonian shales from wells in the Appalachian, Illinois, and Michigan Basins have been characterized by organic geochemical methods to provide a basis for accelerating the exploitation of this unconventional, gas-rich resource. This work was part of a program initiated to provide industry with criteria for locating the best areas for future drilling and for the development of stimulation methods that will make recovery of the resource economically at… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Zielinski, R. E. & McIver, R. D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Numerical simulations of valley ventilation and pollutant transport

Description: As a part of the siting methodology task for the DOE oil shale project the Los Alamos National Laboratory three-dimensional atmospheric models were used to assess potential environmental problems associated with future development of oil shale energy in Colorado. An area of 200 km x 200 km centered at Brush Creek, Colorado, where the ASCOT conducted extensive meteorological and tracer experiments in September/October 1984, was chosen as an initial simulation area. In this paper, preliminary sim… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Yamada, T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Interactive data management and analysis system for the Eastern Gas Shale Program

Description: A versatile, easy-to-use data base system is described. The system provides flexibility in display formats as well as input and output options such as format compatibility adaptive to field data. Both on- and off-line capability exists. Versatility is attained through logical, boolean, ana arithmetic expressions. Consequently, computational capability is available so that data input can be minimized. Browsing and recursive searches are available through a search criteria command that allows the… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Seabaugh, P.W. & Zielinski, R.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Characterization of Devonian shales using laser pyrolysis-gas chromatography

Description: Pulsed Nd pyrolysis with minimum sample pretreatment generates adequate quantities of products for analytical determinations. Significant quantities of pyrolysis products apparently result from methane and ethane released by thermal degradation. Focused power deposition leads to increased ethane production. This may result from a deeper penetration into the sample exploring regions removed from the surface that are less depleted in naturally occurring low molecular weight gases. Higher molecula… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Vanderborgh, N. E.; Williams, J. M.; Wewerka, E. M. & Bertino, J. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Super critical fluid extraction of a crude oil bitumen-derived liquid and bitumen by carbon dioxide and propane

Description: Supercritical fluid extraction of complex hydrocarbon mixtures is important in separation processes, petroleum upgrading and enhanced oil recovery. In this study, a paraffinic crude oil, a bitumen- derived liquid and bitumen were extracted at several temperatures and pressures with carbon dioxide and propane to assess the effect of the size and type of compounds that makeup the feedstock on the extraction process. It was observed that the pure solvent density at the extraction conditions was no… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Deo, M. D.; Hwang, J. & Hanson, F. V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Some chemical and mineralogical considerations important for understanding leachate chemistry

Description: Both the raw shale material and the retorting process parameters are influential in determining the subsequent behavior of the spent shale solids with respect to leaching and/or environmental weathering. The process parameters define the mineral reactions that occur to form the mineral assemblage in the spent shale, while the major and trace element residences and mobilities from the raw shale determine the extent of incorporation of these elements in the spent shale matrix and ultimately the c… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Peterson, E. J. & Wagner, P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

GRS/industry eastern gas shale data base

Description: The Gas Resource Information System (GRIS) is a computerized data base that contains historical data on eastern gas shale wells. It contains all those elements which industry feels are important for the evaluation of drilling, completion, stimulation and production techniques for eastern gas shale wells. While GRI will be researching the data on the base to optimize production from the eastern gas shales, it will make GRIS available to industry as a mutually beneficial tool.
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Zielinski, R. E. & Sharer, J. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
Back to Top of Screen