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Interpretation of interference data from the Klamath Falls, Oregon geothermal resource

Description: Data from a seven week pressure interference test in the Klamath Falls, Oregon geothermal resource have been analyzed. The data indicate that productive wells are fed by a highly permeable fracture network and that the less permeable matrix blocks contribute significantly to the reservoir storage capacity. Detailed analysis of data from two wells is presented. Data from both of the wells yield a reservoir permeability-thickness (kh) of approximately 1.3x10/sup 6/ md-ft and a storativity (phi c/… more
Date: November 1, 1983
Creator: Benson, S.M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Injection into a fractured geothermal reservoir

Description: A detailed study is made on the movement of the thermal fronts in the fracture and in the porous medium when 100{sup 0}C water is injected into a 300{sup 0}C geothermal reservoir with equally spaced horizontal fractures. Numerical modeling calculations were made for a number of thermal conductivity values, as well as different values of the ratio of fracture and rock medium permeabilities. One important result is an indication that although initially, the thermal front in the fracture moves ver… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Creator: Bodvarsson, G. S. & Tsang, C. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Considerations in the use of water jets to enlarge deep submerged cavities

Description: In order to facilitate use of reinjection wells, and to lower their cost, it has been proposed that a single well be reamed from 22-1/2 cm to 2 m diameter over an increment of 70 m at a depth of 2000 m. In this manner a single well would be capable of coping with flow rates which currently necessitate a dozen wells being emplaced. The problems encountered in using high pressure water jets for this reaming operation are described. Limiting parameters on the use of high pressure water jets and th… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Summers, D.A. & Sebastian, Z.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Simulation of reinjection at Cerro Prieto using an idealized two-reservoir model

Description: An idealized two-reservoir model was introduced to explore some of the effects of reinjection in a geothermal field. For both the single-well model and the doublet model, the results indicate that reservoir pressures will be adequately maintained even when an intervening layer of low permeability is present. The same intervening layer may nevertheless be an effective barrier to the movement of cold fronts, due to the effect of gravity and viscosity on the flow of denser colder waters. This show… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Tsang, C. F.; Mangold, D. C. & Lippmann, M. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Fourteenth workshop geothermal reservoir engineering: Proceedings

Description: The Fourteenth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering was held at Stanford University on January 24--26, 1989. Major areas of discussion include: (1) well testing; (2) various field results; (3) geoscience; (4) geochemistry; (5) reinjection; (6) hot dry rock; and (7) numerical modelling. For these workshop proceedings, individual papers are processed separately for the Energy Data Base.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Ramey, H. J., Jr.; Kruger, P.; Horne, R. N.; Miller, F. G.; Brigham, W. E. & Cook, J. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Generating capacity of the Heber geothermal field, California

Description: Using numerical simulation techniques and the radial model developed for the study of the natural state of the Heber field (Lippmann and Bodvarsson, 1983b), the response of this geothermal system to exploitation is analyzed. In this study the generation rate in the field is allowed to build up over a period of 10 years; after that, 30 years of constant power production is assumed. Full (100%) injection of the spent brines is considered, the fluids being injected 2250 m (near injection) or 4250 … more
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: Lippmann, M.J. & Bodvarsson, G.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Theoretical studies of Cerro Prieto brines chemical equilibria

Description: A chemical equilibrium model is used, implemented in a compact FORTRAN package called HITEQ, to investigate possible mineral deposition related to prereinjection treatment of Cerro Prieto brines for silica removal. Large saturation ratios of the treated brines with respect to several minerals are indicated by these computations. As a remedy, an inexpensive CO/sub 2/ removal scheme aimed at inhibiting carbonate mineral precipitation is proposed. This scheme is quantitatively discussed with the a… more
Date: February 1, 1980
Creator: Iglesias, E.R. & Weres, O.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Tenth workshop on geothermal reservoir engineering: proceedings

Description: The workshop contains presentations in the following areas: (1) reservoir engineering research; (2) field development; (3) vapor-dominated systems; (4) the Geysers thermal area; (5) well test analysis; (6) production engineering; (7) reservoir evaluation; (8) geochemistry and injection; (9) numerical simulation; and (10) reservoir physics. (ACR)
Date: January 22, 1985
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Transition from mixed to forced convection for opposing vertical flows in liquid-saturated porous media

Description: Mixed-convection phenomena can occur within liquid-dominated geothermal reservoirs due to interactions of injected flows, or ground-water flows, with the buoyancy-induced fluid motion. This problem was studied experimentally and numerically for the case of opposing flows about a vertical heat source in a liquid-saturated porous medium. The ratio of the Rayleigh number (Ra) to the Peclet number (Pe) was identified as the nondimensional parameter which characterizes the relative influence of buoy… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Reda, D.C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Integrated Geothermal Well Testing: Test Objectives and Facilities

Description: A new and highly integrated geothermal well test program was designed for three geothermal operators in the US (MCR, RGI and Mapco Geothermal). This program required the design, construction and operation of new well test facilities. The main objectives of the test program and facilities are to investigate the critical potential and worst problems associated with the well and produced fluids in a period of approximately 30 days. Field and laboratory investigations are required to determine and … more
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: Nicholson, R. W. & Vetter, O. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Injection at Raft River: an environmental concern

Description: Injection is an acceptable disposal method for geothermal fluid; however, use of injection can be limited by environmental considerations. This is the case in Raft River. The primary concern is that injection will affect either the quality or quantity of irrigation water in the closed groundwater basin. Data indicate that there is a natural migration of geothermal fluids into shallower aquifers and this migration is thought to be fracture-controlled. A series of wells have been drilled to monit… more
Date: September 1, 1979
Creator: Spencer, S. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analytic study of geothermal reservoir pressure response to cold water reinjection

Description: Derivation of the governing equation, including temperature effects, is given where the permeability-viscosity ratio is assumed to be an arbitrary function of r{sup 2}t. This function is represented by a Fermi-Dirac function, whose parameters are determined based upon physical considerations. The solution for the pressure change is analytic except for the final step, where a numerical integration is called for. The results and implications of the calculations are discussed. Summary and concludi… more
Date: November 1, 1978
Creator: Tsang, Y. W. & Tsang, C. F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Using surface waters for supplementing injection at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (SSGF), Southern California

Description: The flash-steam conversion cycle is most suitable for electric power production at the SSGF. However, large-scale development of the SSGF may require use of makeup water supplements to injected brine for a viable reservoir pressure maintenance program. Since steam condensate will probably be required to satisfy power plant cooling needs, local surface waters have been evaluated for their potential use as sources of injection makeup. It was found that direct injection of untreated makeup water i… more
Date: July 10, 1979
Creator: Raber, E.; Owen, L.B. & Harrar, J.E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Overview of the Heat Cycle Research project

Description: The Heat Cycle Research project is developing the technology base that will permit a much greater utilization of the moderate- temperature, liquid-dominated geothermal resources, particularly for the generation of electrical power. The emphasis in the project has been the improvement of the performance of binary power cycles. The investigations have been examining concepts projected to improve the brine utilization by 20% relative to a Heber-type'' binary plant; these investigations are nearing… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Bliem, C.J. & Mines, G.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal effects of reinjection in geothermal reservoirs with major vertical fractures

Description: Possibilities for characterizing the thermal properties of fast paths by means of different types of tests (tracers, pressure transients, non-isothermal injection) are discussed. Thermal breakthrough in vertical fractures is examined in some detail, using an idealized model for which an analytical solution is available. The model shows that rapid tracer returns are not necessarily indicative of rapid thermal interference. Thermal breakthrough predictions can be made from tracer data only, if bo… more
Date: October 1, 1983
Creator: Pruess, K. & Bodvarsson, G.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Modeling studies of cold water injection into fluid-depleted, vapor-dominated geothermal reservoirs

Description: The physical processes involved in cold water injection into a ''superheated'' fractured reservoir are not yet fully understood, and this insufficient knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms limits the possibility of forecasting future resevoir behavior and optimizing the heat extraction process. Numerical simulation can be a very effective tool in the study of the complex phenomena involved, allowing a rapid examination of different situations and conditions, a systematic investigation of the … more
Date: January 1, 1986
Creator: Calore, C.; Pruess, K. & Celati, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Automated system for membrane filtration and core tests. [For assessing injectability of geothermal fluids]

Description: An existing manually operated LLL system for obtaining data on injectability of geothermal effluents has been automated. Membrane filters and core samples are exposed to geothermal brine at representative injection pressure and formation confining pressure to study the potential effects of scaling and suspended solids deposition on the performance of injection wells. An electronic controller provides for operation under conditions of either constant differential pressure or constant flow. A dat… more
Date: July 2, 1979
Creator: Hasbrouck, R.T.; Owen, L.B. & Netherton, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Method of using in situ porosity measurements to place an upper bound on geothermal reservoir compaction

Description: Placing an upper bound on reservoir compaction requires placing a lower bound on the reservoir effective compaction modulus. Porosity-depth data can be used to find that lower-bound modulus in a young sedimentary basin. Well-log and sample porosity data from a geothermal field in the Imperial Valley, CA, give a lower-bound modulus of 7.7 x 10{sup 3} psi. This modulus is used with pressure drops calculated for a reservoir to determine an upper bound on reservoir compaction. The effects of partia… more
Date: January 3, 1979
Creator: Schatz, J. F.; Kasameyer, P. W. & Cheney, J. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Study of thermal effects in well test analysis

Description: Data analysis of well tests performed in non-isothermal (e.g., geothermal) reservoirs should take into account pressure changes resulting from fluid (and rock) temperature-dependent properties. For example the presence of zones of different temperatures may resemble permeability boundaries and will require careful interpretation of well test data. The present investigation employed a numerical model which incorporates temperature effects on fluid viscosity, density, and heat capacity. This stud… more
Date: September 1979
Creator: Mangold, Donald C.; Tsang, Chin Fu; Lippmann, Marcelo J. & Witherspoon, Paul A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Analysis of the response of geothermal reservoirs under injection and production procedures

Description: The response of a liquid-dominated geothermal reservoir to injection and production from a single well is studied. Different injection-production schemes are analyzed to explore how to minimize temporary cooling around the injection well and to optimize thermal recovery. The pressure response is also calculated, and found to be affected significantly by temperature-dependent viscosity variations. This will have implications on well-test methods for geothermal reservoirs. Vertical consolidation … more
Date: April 1, 1977
Creator: Lippmann, M. J.; Tsang, C. F. & Witherspoon, P. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Waste heat rejection from geothermal power stations

Description: Waste heat rejection systems for geothermal power stations have a significantly greater influence on plant operating performances and costs than do corresponding systems in fossil- and nuclear-fueled stations. With thermal efficiencies of only about 10%, geothermal power cycles can reject four times as much heat per kilowatt of output. Geothermal sites in the United States tend to be in water-short areas that could require use of more expensive wet/dry or dry-type cooling towers. With relativel… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Robertson, R. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Evaluation of testing and reservoir parameters in geothermal wells at Raft River and Boise, Idaho

Description: Evaluating the Raft River and Boise, Idaho, resources by pump and injection tests requires information on the geology, geochemistry, surficial and borehole geophysics, and well construction and development methods. Nonideal test conditions and a complex hydrogeologic system prevent the use of idealized mathematical models for data evaluation in a one-phase fluid system. An empirical approach is successfully used since it was observed that all valid pump and injection well pressure data for cons… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Allman, D. W.; Goldman, D. & Niemi, W. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Reinjection into geothermal reservoirs

Description: Reinjection of geothermal wastewater is practiced as a means of disposal and for reservoir pressure support. Various aspects of reinjection are discussed, both in terms of theoretical studies as well as specific field examples. The discussion focuses on the major effects of reinjection, including pressure maintenance and chemical and thermal effects. (ACR)
Date: August 1, 1987
Creator: Bodvarsson, G.S. & Stefansson, V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Processing of high salinity brines for subsurface injection

Description: Different chemical pretreatments and filtration methods were evaluated as a possible means of clarifying and improving the injectivity of hypersaline brines. Six different downflow media combinations were evaluated over three geopressurized sites, using test data from 4 inch diameter filters. Also, tests were conducted with one hollow fiber ultrafilter unit and two types of disposable cartridge filters. The test procedures are mentioned briefly. (MHR)
Date: August 6, 1979
Creator: Thompson, R.E. & Raber, E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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