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A cryogenic system design for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER)

Description: A conceptual design for ITER was completed last year. The author developed a suitable cryogenic system for ITER as part of this conceptual design effort. An overview of the design is reported. Emphasis is on the fact that cryogenics is a mature science, and a system supporting ITER needs can be made from time-proven components without loss of efficiency or reliability. Because of the large size of the ITER cryogenic system, large numbers of compressors and expanders must be used. Very high reli… more
Date: September 25, 1991
Creator: Slack, D.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cryogenic recovery analysis of forced flow supercritical helium cooled superconductors

Description: A coupled heat conduction and fluid flow method of solution was presented for cryogenic stability analysis of cabled composite superconductors of large scale magnetic coils. The coils are cooled by forced flow supercritical helium in parallel flow channels. The coolant flow reduction in one of the channels during the spontaneous recovery transient, after the conductor undergoes a transition from superconducting to resistive, necessitates a parallel channel analysis. A way to simulate the parall… more
Date: August 1, 1977
Creator: Lee, A. Y.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Liquid helium dump concept for a large scale superconducting magnetic energy storage plant

Description: Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) is a potentially cost effective technology for electric utility load leveling. Design concepts and cost estimates of SMES plants capable of delivering 5000 MWh daily have been previously identified. An important feature of a large commercial plant is a system that will reliably shut down the magnet by thermally dissipating the stored energy in the event of an imminent or actual loss of superconductivity. To prevent damage to the coil during such a … more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Schoenung, S. M.; Loyd, R. J.; Nakamura, T.; Rogers, J. D. & Purcell, J. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Two phase cooling for superconducting magnets

Description: A closed circuit tubular cooling system for superconducting magnets offers advantages of limiting boiloff and containing high pressures during quenches. Proper location of automatic valves to lower pressures and protect the refrigerator in the event of quenches is described. Theoretical arguments and exprimental evidence are given against a previously suggested method to determine He two phase flow regimes. If loss of flow occurs due to some types of refrigeration failure and transfer lines hav… more
Date: August 1, 1985
Creator: Eberhard, P. H.; Gibson, G. A.; Green, M. A.; Ross, R. R.; Smits, R. G.; Taylor, J. D. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Operational history of Fermilab's 1500 W refrigerator used for energy saver magnet production testing

Description: The 1500 W helium refrigerator system utilizes two oil-injected screw compressors staged to feed a liquid nitrogen pre-cooled cold box. Refrigeration is provided by two Sulzer TGL-22 magnetic/gas bearing turbines. The refrigerator feeds six magnet test stands via a 10,000 L dewar and subcooler equipped distribution box. The design of the controls has permitted the system to be routinely operated 24 hours/day, seven days/week with only five operators. It has operated approximately 90% of the 4-1… more
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Bianchi, A. J.; Barger, R. K.; Johnson, F. B.; McGuire, K. J.; Pinyan, K. D.; Wilson, F. W. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Pellet fueling development at ORNL

Description: Advanced plasma fueling systems for magnetic confinement devices are being developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The general approach is that of producing and accelerating frozen hydrogenic pellets at speeds in the range of 1-2 km/s and higher. Two specific concepts are under development: (1) high-speed pneumatic acceleration; and (2) mechanical (centrifugal) acceleration. Both approaches are being pursued to meet the projected pellet size and delivery rates for major near-term… more
Date: September 1, 1986
Creator: Combs, S. K.; Milora, S. L.; Foster, C. A.; Schuresko, D. D.; Foust, C. R.; Simmons, D. W. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Quality assurance aspects of the major procurements for the Large Coil Test Facility

Description: The Large Coil Test Facility (LCTF) project is comprised of the test stand, supporting cryogenic systems, instrumentation, data acquisition, and utilities necessary for testing the large superconducting coils of the Large Coil Program (LCP). A significant portion of the facility hardware has been obtained through procurement actions with industrial suppliers. This paper addresses the project's experience in formulation and execution of quality assurance (QA) actions relative to several of the m… more
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Taylor, D. J.; Thompson, P. B.; Ryan, T. L.; Queen, C. C.; Halstead, E. L.; Murphy, J. L. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cryogenic compressive properties of basic epoxy resin systems

Description: The compressive properties of short cylindrical samples of many different epoxy resin systems have been measured at ambient temperature and at 77/sup 0/K. These are pure resin systems of known chemistry, without the inorganic fillers or fibrous reinforcements needed in final cryogenic systems. Of course, chemically incorporated modifiers such as flexibilizing resins have been included. This data should make possible inferences about cryogenic properties from molecular structures and provide spe… more
Date: September 1, 1985
Creator: Markley, F.W.; Hoffman, J.A. & Muniz, D.P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Superconducting magnets in high radiation environments: Design problems and solutions

Description: As part of the Stanford Linear Collider Project, three high-field superconducting solenoid magnets are used to rotate the spin direction of a polarized electron beam. The magnets are installed in a high-radiation environment, where they will receive a dose of approximately 10{sup 3} rad per hour, or 10{sup 8} rad over their lifetimes. This level of radiation and the location in which the magnets are installed, some 10 meters below ground in contiguous tunnels, required careful selection of mate… more
Date: November 1, 1989
Creator: St. Lorant, S.J. & Tillmann, E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Single column and two-column H-D-T distillation experiments at TSTA

Description: Cryogenic distillation experiments were peformed at TSTA with H-D-T system by using a single column and a two-column cascade. In the single column experiment, fundamental engineering data such as the liquid holdup and the HETP were measured under a variety of operational condtions. The liquid holdup in the packed section was about 10 )approximately) 15% of its superficial volume. The HETP values were from 4 to 6 cm, and increased slightly with the vapor velocity. The reflux ratio had no effect … more
Date: January 1, 1988
Creator: Yamanishi, T.; Yoshida, H.; Hirata, S.; Naito, T.; Naruse, Y.; Sherman, R.H. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Nuclear technologies for Moon and Mars exploration

Description: Nuclear technologies are essential to successful Moon and Mars exploration and settlements. Applications can take the form of nuclear propulsion for transport of crews and cargo to Mars and the Moon; surface power for habitats and base power; power for human spacecraft to Mars; shielding and life science understanding for protection against natural solar and cosmic radiations; radioisotopes for sterilization, medicine, testing, and power; and resources for the benefits of Earth. 5 refs., 9 figs… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Buden, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Construction and testing of a double acting bellows liquid helium pump

Description: The double acting reciprocating bellows liquid helium pump built and tested at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory is described. The pump is capable of delivering 50 gs/sup -1/ of liquid helium to supply the two-phase cooling sytem for a large superconducting magnet. The pump is driven by a torque motor at room temperature; the reciprocating motion is transmitted to the pump through a shaft which operates between room temperature and 4/sup 0/K. The design details of this liquid helium pump are pre… more
Date: May 1, 1980
Creator: Burns, W. A.; Green, M. A.; Ross, R. R. & Van Slyke, H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Investigation of the cryogenic mechanical properties of low thermal-expansion superalloys

Description: Four Fe-based superalloys, JBK-75, Incoloy 903, Incoloy 905, and Incoloy 909 were evaluated as tube materials for ICCS Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductors. Evaluation consisted of 4-K tensile and elastic-plastic fracture-toughness testing, and a microstructural characterization of unwelded and autogenously gas-tungsten-arc welded sheet given a simulated postweld processing treatment of 15% cold reduction by rolling followed by a Nb/sub 3/Sn-reaction heat treatment of 96 hours at 700/sup 0/C plus 48 hou… more
Date: July 30, 1985
Creator: Summers, L.T. & Dalder, E.N.C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Design of a tritium pellet injector for TFTR

Description: The TFTR tritium pellet injector (TPI) is designed to provide a tritium pellet fueling capability with pellet speeds in the 1{minus} to 3 km/s-range for the TFTR D-T phase. The existing TFTR deuterium pellet injector is being modified at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to provide a fourshot, tritium-compatible, pipe-gun configuration with three upgraded single-stage pneumatic guns a two -stage light gas gun driver. The pipe gun concept has been qualified for tritium operation by the tritium proof… more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Milora, S. L.; Gouge, M. J.; Fisher, P. W.; Combs, S. K.; Cole, M. J.; Wysor, R. B. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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SSC Cryogenic System

Description: The design of the 4.5 K primary cooling system and higher temperature shield cooling systems for the SSC are described. Typical flow diagrams for the magnet piping systems are presented. Estimated heat loads are given. The systems have been designed to accomodate the great distances, 90 km and up, over which the load will be distributed. Provision has been made for cooldown, warmup, quench recovery and magnet replacement, as well as for steady-state operation.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Brown, D. P.; Louttit, R. I.; Rode, C. & VanderArend, P. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Sulfur-isotope separation by distillation

Description: Sulfur-isotope separation by low-temperature distillation of hydrogen sulfide was studied in an 8-m, 25-mm diameter distillation column. Column temperature was controlled by a propane-propylene heat pipe. Column packing HETP was measured using nitric oxide in the column. The column was operated at pressures from 45 to 125 kPa. The relative volatility of S-32 vs. S-34 varied from 1.0008 to 1.0014.
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Mills, T.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cooling and electrical excitation of 100 m superconducting power transmission cables

Description: The design of a test facility for superconducting power transmission cables is described. The cryogenic portion consists of a screw compressor, cold box with turbine expanders, 100 m of transfer line and 100 m of cable enclosure. The complete cryogenic system has been operated and performance figures are given. The cables will be operated at voltage and current by electrical equipment which has mostly been installed and tested. The interface between the low-temperature cables and the outside ar… more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Forsyth, E. B.; Gibbs, R. J.; Jensen, J. E. & McNernery, A. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Operation of large cryogenic systems

Description: This report is based on the past 12 years of experiments on R and D and operation of the 27 kW Fermilab Tevatron Cryogenic System. In general the comments are applicable for all helium plants larger than 1000W (400 l/hr) and non mass-produced nitrogen plants larger than 50 tons per day. 14 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Date: June 1, 1985
Creator: Rode, C.H.; Ferry, B.; Fowler, W.B.; Makara, J.; Peterson, T.; Theilacker, J. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Alternate design concept for the SSC dipole magnet cryogenic support post

Description: New materials and developments in the field of advanced composites have created the opportunity to take a fresh look into the design of the cryogenic supports for SSC collider dipole cryostats. Although the present reentrant post design meets the structural and thermal requirements, its assembly requires precision and proficiency. The objective of the proposed alternate concept is to reduce the overall cost of the support post by means of simplifying and optimizing its component design and asse… more
Date: March 1, 1991
Creator: Lipski, A.; Nicol, T.H. & Richardson, R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Simulation of the Energy Saver refrigeration system

Description: The helium refrigeration for the Energy Saver is supplied by a Central Helium Liquefier and 24 Satellite Refrigerators installed over a 1-1/4 square mile area. An interactive, software simulator has been developed to calculate the refrigeration available from the cryogenic system over a wide range of operating conditions. The refrigeration system simulator incorporates models of the components which have been developed to quantitatively describe changes in system performance. The simulator outp… more
Date: October 1, 1981
Creator: Barton, H.R. Jr.; Nicholls, J.E. & Mulholland, G.T.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Automated laser fusion target production concept

Description: A target production concept is described for the production of multilayered cryogenic spherical inertial confinement fusion targets. The facility is to deliver targets to the reactor chamber at rates up to 10 per second and at costs consistent with economic production of power.
Date: October 4, 1977
Creator: Hendricks, C.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Generic study of protective control features for superconducting Tokamak TF coil system

Description: The Toroidal Field (TF) coil system is a major component of a Tokamak power reactor. A reliable and safe operation of the TF coil system is therefore vital to the power plant. This paper presents a generic assessment of the safety related instrumentation and control systems needed for routine operation and for maintenance of the plant in a safe shutdown condition. The safety control requirements described here are based on the operational experiences obtained from existing superconducting magne… more
Date: January 1, 1977
Creator: Majumdar, D.; Hsieh, S.Y. & Powell, J.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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