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Constitutive model for porous materials

Description: A simple pressure versus porosity compaction model is developed to calculate the response of granular porous bed materials to shock impact. The model provides a scheme for calculating compaction behavior when relatively limited material data are available. While the model was developed to study porous explosives and propellants, it has been applied to a much wider range of materials. The early development of porous material models, such as that of Hermann, required empirical dynamic compaction … more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Weston, A. M. & Lee, E. L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Controlled powder morphology experiments in megabar 304 stainless steel compaction

Description: Experiments with controlled morphology including shape, size, and size distribution were made on 304L stainless steel powders. These experiments involved not only the powder variables but pressure variables of 0.08 to 1.0 Mbar. Also included are measured container strain on the material ranging from 1.5% to 26%. Using a new strain controllable design it was possible to seperate and control, independently, strain and pressure. Results indicate that powder morphology, size distribution, packing d… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Staudhammer, K.P. & Johnson, K.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Mach stem characterization in Mbar designs using RSR powder

Description: Suitable selection of powders can be used as a modeling device for complicated experimental designs. The powder melt zone is clearly defined and the RSR-834 powder is reasonably well behaved. This experiment was with only one composition, size and distribution. However, it is believed that other morphologies, composition, and size distributions could result in a more complete modeling of the compaction process that would enable heuristic calculations of the combined effects of adiabatic tempera… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Staudhammer, K.P. & Johnson, K.A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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PRESS: a computer program for evaluating explosive-material loading processes

Description: The loading process for an explosive device must control within fixed tolerances not only the amount but the length of the explosive material that is compacted in the device's chargeholder. Most loading processes are empirically determined to achieve the desired tolerances with respect to the amount and length of the explosive material that is compacted in the chargeholder of the explosive device. An acceptable loading process for an explosive device can be established analytically by using the… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Burchett, O.L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Temperature Kinetics During Shock-Wave Consolidation of Metallic Powders

Description: Powders (60 ..mu..m diam) of constantan and pure copper were compressed statically into cylindrical greens (20.3 mm diam, 5.3 mm long) with a flat interface separating the two powders. A 20-mm propellant gun was used to accelerate a flyer of Lexan, copper, or aluminum, and generate in the green a shock wave with front parallel to the Cu/constantan interface. The voltages between opposite ends of the greens were measured as a function of time and for shock pressures between 1.3 and 9.4 GPa. When… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Schwarz, R. B.; Kasiraj, P. & Vreeland, T., Jr.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Management of defense beta-gamma contaminated solid low-level wastes

Description: In DOE defense operations, approx. 70,000 m/sup 3/ of beta-gamma low-level radioactive waste are disposed of annually by shallow land burial operations at six primary sites. Waste generated at other DOE sites are transported on public roads to the primary sites for disposal. In the practice of low-level waste (LLW) disposal in the US, the site hydrology and geology are the primary barriers to radioactive migration. To date, little emphasis has been placed on waste form improvements or engineere… more
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Sease, J.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Shock compaction of a porous pyrotechnic material

Description: The results of an experimental program to generate Hugoniot data for an unreacted pyrotechnic material are discussed and the data presented. The program included both sample fabrication and experimental determination of stress-particle velocity Hugoniot data for the pyrotechnic, titanium hydride-potassium perchlorate (TiH/sub 2/-KClO/sub 4/), at two densities. The TiH/sub 2/-KClO/sub 4/, which was supplied as a powder mixture, was pressed to the desired bulk sample density and size using a ram … more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Lee, L. M. & Schwarz, A. C.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Analyses of hypothetical FCI's in a fast reactor

Description: Parametric analyses using the SIMMER code were performed to evaluate the potential for a severe recriticality from a pressure-driven recompaction caused by an energetic FCI during the transition phase of a hypothetical accident in a fast reactor. For realistic and reasonable estimates for the assumed accident conditions, a severe recriticality was not predicted. The conditions under which a severe recriticality would be obtained or averted were identified. 10 figures, 2 tables.
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: Padilla Jr., A.; Martin, F. J. & Niccoli, L. G.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Overview of treatment and conditioning of low-level wastes

Description: The consideration of alternative technologies in low-level waste management is assumed to be partly a response to current demands for lower risk in waste disposal. One of the determinants of risk in waste disposal is the set of characteristics of the materials placed into disposal cells, i.e., the products of treatment and conditioning operations. The treatment and conditioning operations that have been applied to waste streams are briefly examined. Three operations are the most important deter… more
Date: January 1, 1986
Creator: Trevorrow, L.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Subsidence and settlement and their effect on shallow land burial

Description: Subsidence and settlement are phenomena that are much more destructive than generally thought. In shallow land burials they may lead to cracking of the overburden and eventual exposure and escape of waste material. The primary causes are consolidation and cave-ins. Laboratory studies performed at Los Alamos permit us to predict settlement caused by consolidation or natural compaction of the crushed tuff overburden. Examples of expected settlement and subsidence are calculated based on the known… more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Abeele, W.V.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Method of using in situ porosity measurements to place an upper bound on geothermal reservoir compaction

Description: Placing an upper bound on reservoir compaction requires placing a lower bound on the reservoir effective compaction modulus. Porosity-depth data can be used to find that lower-bound modulus in a young sedimentary basin. Well-log and sample porosity data from a geothermal field in the Imperial Valley, CA, give a lower-bound modulus of 7.7 x 10{sup 3} psi. This modulus is used with pressure drops calculated for a reservoir to determine an upper bound on reservoir compaction. The effects of partia… more
Date: January 3, 1979
Creator: Schatz, J. F.; Kasameyer, P. W. & Cheney, J. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Impact of technology applications to the management of low-level radioactive wastes

Description: Low-level radioactive wastes are generated from reactor sources (nuclear power reactors) as well as from nonreactor sources (academic, medical, governmental, and industrial). In recent years, about 50,000 m{sup 3} per year of such wastes have been generated in the United States and about 10,000 m{sup 3} per year in Canada. Direct disposal of these wastes in shallow ground has been a favored method in both countries in the past. In the United States, three operating commercial sites at Barnwell,… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Devgun, J.S. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Dynamic compaction of combustion synthesized TiC-Al sub 2 O sub 3 composite

Description: A dispersed phase TiC-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite was densified and consolidated by dynamic compaction using explosives immediately after it was formed by a combustion synthesis reaction from TiO{sub 2}, Al, and C powders. By taking advantage of the self-generated heat from the exothermic reaction, this one-step processing technique has the potential for considerable cost savings over conventional processing methods. Near full densification was achieved with samples from 25 to 76 mm in diameter… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Korth, G.E.; Williamson, R.L. & Rabin, B.H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Stabilization of low-level waste burial trenches by dynamic compaction

Description: As part of a low-level radioactive waste burial site stabilization and closure technology demonstration project, a group of five 14-year-old burial trenches in Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Solid Waste Storage Area (SWSA) 6 was selected for testing trench compaction, grouting, and infiltration barrier design and performance. To obviate the chronic problem of trench subsidence and to provide foundation support for the infiltration barrier, the five trenches were dynamically compacted by t… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Spalding, B. P. & Davis, E. C. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Oak Ridge Low Level Waste Management Task Force summary

Description: New facilities are required in the next five years to manage low level radioactive wastes (LLW) produced on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). The Central Waste Disposal Facility (CWDF) was planned to provide the needed additional facilities beginning in late 1985. The CWDF was planned as a shallow land burial facility to dispose of non-stabilized LLW. However, comments on the CWDF Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) received from the State of Tennessee, the Environmental Protection Agenc… more
Date: May 1, 1985
Creator: Van Hoesen, S.D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Closure of a mixed waste landfill: Lessons learned

Description: Much experience has been gained during the closure of the Mixed Waste Management Facility (MWMF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) and many lessons were learned. This knowledge was applied to other closures at SRS yielding decreased costs, schedule enhancement, and increased overall project efficiency. The next major area of experience to be gained at SRS in the field of waste site closures will be in the upkeep, maintenance, and monitoring of clay caps. Further test programs will be required to… more
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Phifer, M. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Shock compaction of high- Tc superconductors

Description: We present the results of shock compaction experiments on high-{Tc} superconductors and describe the way in which shock consolidation addresses critical problems concerning the fabrication of high J{sub c} bulk superconductors. In particular, shock compaction experiments on YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} show that shock-induced defects can greatly increase intragranular critical current densities. The fabrication of crystallographically aligned Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} samples by shoc… more
Date: September 1, 1990
Creator: Weir, S.T.; Nellis, W.J.; McCandless, P.C.; Brocious, W.F. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)); Seaman, C.L.; Early, E.A. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Solutions for Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) tested high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters destined for disposal at Hanford, Washington

Description: In January 1992, Argonne National Laboratory East, Environmental and Waste Management Program, learned that a chemical material used for testing of all HEPA filters at the primary source, Flanders Filter, Inc. in Washington, NC, was considered a hazardous chemical by Washington State Dangerous Waste Regulations. These regulations are under the jurisdiction of the Washington Administration Code, Chapter 173-303, and therefore directly under impact the Hanford Site Solid Waste Acceptance Criteria… more
Date: November 1, 1992
Creator: Gablin, K. A.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Consolidation of colloidal suspensions

Description: A key step in the processing of ceramics is the consolidation of powders into engineered shapes. Colloidal processing uses solvents (usually water) and dispersants to break up powder agglomerates in suspension and thereby reduce the pore size in a consolidated compact. However, agglomeration and particle rearrangement leading to pore enlargement can still occur during drying. Therefore, it is beneficial to consolidate the compact as densely as possible during the suspension stage. The consolida… more
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Shih, Wei-Heng; Kim, Seong Il; Shih, Wan Y.; Aksay, I.A. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (USA)) & Schilling, C.H. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (USA) Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA))
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Effect of powder compaction variables on the performance of a pyrotechnic igniter

Description: The compaction of the pyrotechnic powder against a bridgewire in an igniter is very critical to performance. The density of the compact at the bridgewire interface can be effected by the powder characteristics, environment, surface finish and configuration of the compact holder and the loading process. Some of these parameters have been evaluated and the effect determined on the bridgewire-powder interface as well as the initiation performance.
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Munger, A.C.; Seubert, N.J. & Brinkman, J.R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Burial trench dynamic compaction demonstration at a humid site

Description: This task has the objective of determining the degree of consolidation which can be achieved by dynamic compaction of a closed burial trench within a cohesive soil formation. A seven-year-old burial trench in Solid Waste Storage Area (SWSA) 6 of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was selected for this demonstration. This 251 m/sup 3/ trench contained about 80 Ci of mixed radionuclides, mostly /sup 90/Sr, in 25 m/sup 3/ of waste consisting of contaminated equipment, dry solids, and demolition … more
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Spalding, B. P.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Non-fuel bearing hardware melting technology

Description: Several utilities have decided to consolidate spent fuel rods in order to increase the storage capacity of their reactor pools cost-effectively. Fuel rod compaction of 2:1 has been achieved through disassembly of spent fuel and placing all the rods from two assemblies into a canister that will fit in a single assembly's rack space. The non-fuel bearing hardware (NFBH) left over from the disassembly still occupies about 1/3 of the volume of the consolidated fuel after compaction. This report dis… more
Date: April 1, 1993
Creator: Newman, D.F.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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State of the art design: A closure system for the largest hazardous waste landfill at the Savannah River Site

Description: This paper discusses the cover system proposed for a 55-acre, hazardous waste closure of the sanitary landfill at the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina. The proposed cover system has been designed to accommodate a significant amount of post-closure settlement while maintaining a permeability of 1 {times} 10{sup {minus}7} cm/s or less throughout its 30-year, regulatory lifetime. A composite cover consisting of a geomembrane (GM) underlain by a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) was sele… more
Date: December 31, 1992
Creator: Bartlett, S. F.; Serrato, M. G. & McMullin, S. R.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cryofracture as a tool for preprocessing retrieved buried and stored transuranic waste

Description: This paper summarizes important features of an experimental demonstration of applying the Cryofracture process to size-reduce retrieved buried and stored transuranic-contaminated wastes. By size reducing retrieved buried and stored waste, treatment technologies such as thermal treatment can be expedited. Additionally, size reduction of the waste can decrease the amount of storage space required by reducing the volume requirements of storage containers. A demonstration program was performed at t… more
Date: August 1, 1992
Creator: Loomis, G. G.; Winberg, M. R.; Ancho, M. L. & Osborne, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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