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in subjects: "Cathodic Protection"  
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Cathodic protection in simulated geothermal environments

Description: The results of cathodic protection of carbon steel and AISI Type 316 stainless steel in simulated geothermal brines are described. Impressed current tests on carbon steel and stainless steel were conducted under controlled potential, and cathodic protection of carbon steel using zinc sacrificial anodes was studied by monitoring the galvanic current and potential of the couple with a zero-resistance ammeter. Weight-loss measurements and photomicrographs of test coupons were taken whenever necess… more
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Bandy, R. & van Rooyen, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

AUTOMATED LEAK DETECTION OF BURIED TANKS USING GEOPHYSICAL METHODS AT THE HANFORD NUCLEAR SITE

Description: At the Hanford Nuclear Site in Washington State, the Department of Energy oversees the containment, treatment, and retrieval of liquid high-level radioactive waste. Much of the waste is stored in single-shelled tanks (SSTs) built between 1943 and 1964. Currently, the waste is being retrieved from the SSTs and transferred into newer double-shelled tanks (DSTs) for temporary storage before final treatment. Monitoring the tanks during the retrieval process is critical to identifying leaks. An elec… more
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: S, CALENDINE; JS, SCHOFIELD; MT, LEVITT; JB, FINK & DF, RUCKER
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Cathodic protection of carbon steel in simulated geothermal environments

Description: The applicability of cathodic protection to mitigate corrosion of carbon steel in two different environments containing H{sub 2}S has been investigated using impressed current and sacrificial anode techniques. Results of impressed current tests conducted under potential control shows that the weight loss can be reduced significantly by shifting the potential of the metal 60 to 80 mV cathodic to the open circuit potential. The relationship between the applied current and the potential shift show… more
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Bandy, R. & van Rooyen, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cathodic protection for geothermal wells

Description: A study was conducted to determine the current requirements for cathodic protection of geothermal wells. Oil well technology was applied in this study. Results of laboratory tests and field tests are presented. Attenuation calculations indicate that the cathodic protection current determined from field tests would protect the specific individual geothermal well.
Date: October 8, 1982
Creator: Ohnysty, B.; Slattery, D.G. & Morris, M.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Soil corrosion monitoring near a pipeline under CP

Description: Electrochemical noise (EN), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and harmonic distortion analysis (HDA) were used with three-electrode probes to monitor the corrosion occurring in soil in dry and wet conditions near a gas pipeline under cathodic protection. The test site was a cathodic protection (CP) test station where impressed current CP was applied to a 2 in. (5.1 cm) diameter FBE coated steel pipe using an 84 in. (0.2 m) TA-2 high-silicon cast iron anode. Electrochemical measurements were… more
Date: January 1, 2005
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Locke, M. L. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Intermittent Cathodic Protection for Steel Reinforced Concrete Bridges

Description: Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are used for impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems on Oregon's reinforced concrete coastal bridges to prevent chloride-induced corrosion damage. Thermal-sprayed zinc performs well as an ICCP anode but the service life of the zinc anode is directly related to the average current density used to operate the systems. After a ICCP system is turned off, the rebar in the concrete remains passive and protected for a period of time. Intermittent operation of C… more
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Russell, James H. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion behavior of rebar for intermittent cathodic protection of coastal bridges

Description: A number of reinforced concrete bridges on the Oregon coast are protected against chloride-induced corrosion damage by means of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). Thermal-sprayed Zn serves as the anode in these systems. Rebar in the concrete can remain passive and protected for some period of time after the CP system is turned off. The active-passive corrosion behavior of rebar in simulated pore solution (SPS) was investigated as a function of pH and Cl- concentration as part of a st… more
Date: February 1, 2001
Creator: Ziomek-Moroz, M. | Cramer, S.D. | Covino, B.S., Jr. | Bullard, S.J. | Holcomb, G.R. | Russell, J.H. | Windisch, Jr., C.F. (PNNL)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Session 19: Geothermal Materials Development

Description: Among the most pressing problems constraining the development of geothermal energy is the lack of satisfactory component and system reliability. This is due to the unavailability, on a commercial scale, of cost-effective materials that can function in a wide range of geothermal environments and to the unavailability of a comprehensive body of directly related test data or materials selection experience. In 1976, the GHTD started the Geothermal Materials Program to address materials-related prob… more
Date: December 1, 1983
Creator: van Rooyen, Daniel
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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Electrochemical Aging of Thermal-Sprayed Zinc Anodes on Concrete

Description: Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are used in impressed current cathodic protection systems for some of Oregon's coastal reinforced concrete bridges. Electrochemical aging of zinc anodes results in physical and chemical changes at the zinc-concrete interface. Concrete surfaces heated prior to thermal-spraying had initial adhesion strengths 80 pct higher than unheated surfaces. For electrochemical aging greater than 200 kC/m{sup 2} (5.2 A h/ft{sup 2}), there was no difference in adhesion strengths for… more
Date: October 1996
Creator: Holcomb, G. R.; Bullard, S. J.; Covino, B. S., Jr.; Cramer, S. D.; Cryer, C. B. & McGill, G. E.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal Spray Coatings for Coastal Infrastructure

Description: Several protection strategies for coastal infrastructure using thermal-spray technology are presented from research at the Albany Research Center. Thermal-sprayed zinc coatings for anodes in impressed current cathodic protection systems are used to extend the service lives of reinforced concrete bridges along the Oregon coast. Thermal-sprayed Ti is examined as an alternative to the consumable zinc anode. Sealed thermal-sprayed Al is examined as an alternative coating to zinc dust filled polyure… more
Date: November 1, 1997
Creator: Holcomb, G.R.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Cramer, S. D. & Bullard, S. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

The chemical potential from extrinsic ions in oxide films on aluminum

Description: X-ray studies of Cr in Al oxide films have shown that 3- and 6-valent Cr may be present. 300 nm Al films were anodized, cathodized or exposed to K{sub 3}Cr(CN){sub 6}, NaMoO{sub 4}, KMnO{sub 4}, or NaVO{sub 3} solutions. Cathodized surfaces were then anodized in borate solution. X-ray absorption at glancing angle and fluorescence detection were used to study species incorporated in the oxide surface. The 3-valent Cr present was closely related to Cr(OH){sub 3}. Absence of a pre-edge peak associ… more
Date: January 1, 1992
Creator: Isaacs, H. S. & Davenport, A. J.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cathodic protection of carbon steel in simulated geothermal environments

Description: The applicability of cathodic protection to mitigate corrosion of carbon steel in two different environments containing H/sub 2/S has been investigated using impressed current and sacrificial anode techniques. Results of impressed current tests conducted under potential control shows that the weight loss can be reduced significantly by shifting the potential of the metal 60 to 80 mV cathodic to the open circuit potential. The relationship between the applied current and the potential shift show… more
Date: January 1, 1982
Creator: Bandy, R. & van Rooyen, D.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Corrosion control of the Hanford Site waste transfer system

Description: Corrosion control of the Hanford Site waste transfer system is necessary to assure the system is operational for planned activities leading to successful environmental restoration. Cathodic protection of the Hanford Site waste transfer system has been in existence since the 1940`s with acceptable results. The original system was updated with an improved modern design. Energization surveys and a recent baseline survey demonstrate that the existing system operates as intended.
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Haberman, J. H.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

System for storing cathodic protection measurement data

Description: This paper describes a custom cathodic protection (CP) database, and discusses how this combination of data structure and software improves the ability to analyze cathodic protection. This may be a unique solution to the task of managing CP data, and may have value to others. This paper is primarily about the database design, and not about cathodic protection, per se. Every database project is a balancing act. A developer can create custom software that performs complex opcrafions requiring mod… more
Date: December 2, 1996
Creator: Bowman, T.J., Westinghouse Hanford
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Galvanic corrosion of beryllium welds

Description: Beryllium is difficult to weld because it is highly susceptible to cracking. The most commonly used filler metal in beryllium welds is Al-12 wt.% Si. Beryllium has been successfully welded using Al-Si filler metal with more than 30 wt.% Al. This filler creates an aluminum-rich fusion zone with a low melting point that tends to backfill cracks. Drawbacks to adding a filler metal include a reduction in service temperature, a lowering of the tensile strength of the weld, and the possibility for ga… more
Date: December 1, 1997
Creator: Hill, M.A.; Butt, D.P. & Lillard, R.S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cathodic Reduction of Passive Films on Iron in Borate and Phosphate Buffer Ph 8.4: Different Mechanisms Revealed by in Situ Techniques.

Description: The electrochemical behavior of passive Fe and thin, sputter-deposited films of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} was studied in borate and phosphate buffer pH 8.4 solutions. Cyclic voltammograms and in situ light absorption measurements--which enable the monitoring of the oxide film thickness--indicate a similar behavior of the Fe electrode in both pH 8.4 solution, especially a presence of a oxide-free surface at low cathodic potentials. However, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) studies--which all… more
Date: March 25, 2001
Creator: Schmuki, P.; Virtanen, S. & Isaacs, H. S.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Impacts of cathodic protection on waste package performance

Description: The current design concept for a multi-barrier waste container for the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, calls for an outer barrier of 100 mm thick corrosion-allowance material (CAM) (carbon steel) and an inner barrier of 20 mm thick corrosion-resistant material (CRM) (Alloy 825). Fulfillment of the NRC subsystem requirements (10 CFR 60.113) of substantially complete containment and controlled release of radionuclides from the engineered barrier system (EBS) will rely mostly upon … more
Date: June 1, 1996
Creator: Atkins, J. E.; Lee, J. H. & Andrews, R. W.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes for cathodic protection of steel-reinforced concrete bridges

Description: Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are being used in Oregon in impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems for reinforced concrete bridges. The U.S. Department of Energy, Albany Research Center, is collaborating with the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to evaluate the long-term performance and service life of these anodes. Laboratory studies were conducted on concrete slabs coated with 0.5 mm (20 mil) thick, thermal-sprayed zinc anodes. The slabs were electrochemically aged at an a… more
Date: January 1, 1996
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Cramer, Stephen D. & McGill, Galen E. (Oregon Dept. of Transportation)
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
open access

Cathodic Protection of the Yaquina Bay Bridge

Description: The Yaquina Bay Bridge in Newport, Oregon, was designed by Conde B. McCullough and built in 1936. The 3,223-foot (982 m) structure is a combination of concrete arch approach spans and a steel through arch over the shipping channel. Cathodic protection is used to prevent corrosion damage to the concrete arches. The Oregon Department of Transportation (Oregon DOT) installed a carbon anode coating (DAC-85) on two of the north approach spans in 1985. This anode was operated at a current density of … more
Date: February 1, 2001
Creator: Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Russell, James H.; Laylor, H. M. et al.
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department
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