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Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, April--June 1977. [Coal-oil-water slurries]

Description: One hundred and twelve coal samples have been added to the Penn State/ERDA Coal Sample Bank. One hundred and sixty-one sets of analytical data and 45 coal samples were provided upon request to other agencies engaged in coal research. Construction of the pressurized laminar flow isothermal reactor is complete and delivery has been made. Rapid heating of the precursor coal has been found to enhance char reactivity in the case of a North Dakota lignite. The differential scanning calorimetry techni… more
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, April-June 1978

Description: The Penn State Coal Sample Bank was expanded to include four new samples from southwestern Pennsylvania and four from eastern Kentucky. A total of 69 coal samples and 487 selected printouts of coal data were provided to the coal research community. The effects of low temperature oxidation on reducing the agglomerating properties of caking coals are being studied. A DuPont 942 Thermomechanical analyzer has been shown to be a valuable tool for quantifying swelling and softening parameters. In add… more
Date: January 1, 1979
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, April-June 1979

Description: The study is continuing into the effects of low temperature oxidation on reducing the agglomerating properties of caking coals. Increases in oxidation temperature are shown to increase the effectiveness of oxygen in destroying plastic properties. Controlled studies indicate that additions of small amounts of oxygen (1 to 2% by wt) bring about drastic reductions in swelling properties. Oxidation may be considered a surface pheneomenon and it is shown here that the plastic properties of oxodized … more
Date: January 1, 1980
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Vastola, F. J.; Given, P. H. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, January--March 1976. [2 appendices; 19 refs. Dryflo separation tests data]

Description: Responses to the questionnaire, which was distributed to determine the extent to which the nation's coal seams have been sampled and characterized, are being received. Early comparisons indicate a mathematical relationship between average random reflectance (Rapid Scan) and the mean-maximum reflectance as obtained by standard reflectance analysis. Results obtained so far show support of a diffusion dominance mechanism in the oxidation region of a combustion pot and a chemical kinetic mecha… more
Date: May 1, 1976
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, January--March 1977

Description: Twenty-one coal samples have been added to the Penn State/ERDA Coal Sample Bank. Ninety-six sets of analytical data and 114 coal samples were provided upon request to other agencies engaged in coal research. Mass spectrometer and reactor systems have been used successfully in measuring the amount of vaporization (and pyrolysis) products of hydrocarbons in low concentrations in a helium carrier gas. Research has shown, using small angle x-ray scattering, that the pore structure of a char is a fu… more
Date: June 1, 1977
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, January-March 1978

Description: The Penn State/DOE Coal Sample Bank was expanded to include seventeen lignite seams from Texas and two samples of a western Kentucky coal. A total of 253 characterized coal samples and 539 selected printouts of coal data were provided to the coal research community. Results of further coal fractionation studies confirm previous conclusions that fractions of widely differing characteristics can be developed in the laboratory, and indicate that with appropriate process development they could be p… more
Date: January 1, 1978
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, July--September 1975

Description: Twenty-one coal samples have been collected and characterized. Sixty coals have been provided to other agencies at their request. The capability of controlling coal characteristics during preparation is being developed: large variations in volatile content occur within a given raw coal but, by controlling the preparation, a uniform product with the devised specifications can be produced. Studies have begun on the suitability of various coals and cokes for use in pressurized fixed bed gasifiers.… more
Date: December 1, 1975
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, July--September 1976. [15 refs]

Description: Under Facet I, 158 coal samples have been added to the Penn State/ERDA Sample Bank. Sixty-nine sets of analytical data and one characterized coal sample were provided upon request to other agencies. Facet IV-A research on reactor development and operation shows that the gasification zone of a fuel bed is not diffusionally controlled. Pyrolysis of pulverized coal occurs under essentially isothermal conditions within the laminar flow furnace. Methanol densities of chars, work on which has recentl… more
Date: December 1, 1976
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, July--September 1977. [Coal-fuel oil-water slurries]

Description: The Penn State/ERDA Coal Sample Bank was expanded to include 201 new coal samples. A total of 68 characterized coal samples and 115 selected printouts of coal data were supplied upon request to the coal research community. Selected chemical and petrographic properties were statistically analyzed for 119 coal channel samples chosen from the Penn State/ERDA Coal Data Base. Installation of the pressurized laminar flow isotherml reactor has begun. Experiments have continued on the combustion pot; t… more
Date: December 1, 1977
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, July-September 1978

Description: Certain important aspects of the chemical and physical composition of American lignite coals are being characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the interaction between oxygen and seventeen coal chars (40 x 100 mesh) at 100/sup 0/C. The same techniques were used to investigate briefly the interaction between air and a highly caking coal at selected isothermal temperatures in the range 100 to 275/sup 0/C.
Date: May 1, 1979
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Vastola, F. J.; Given, P. H. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, October--December 1975

Description: The actual coal gasification reaction is controlled diffusionally in the lower part of the bed and kinetically in the upper part of the bed. When closely size-graded pulverized coal particles undergo rapid devolatilization in a laminar flow reactor, the effect of heating-up time on weight loss is negligibly small. All other experimental conditions being equal, the smaller the particle, the greater is the weight loss. Reactivity of a char increases with increase in partial pressure of oxygen in … more
Date: February 1, 1976
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, October--December 1976. [16 references]

Description: Under Facet I, 49 coal samples have been added to the Penn State/ERDA Sample Bank. Sixty-six characterized coal samples and 734 sets of analytical data were provided upon request to other agencies. Facet IV-A research on reactor development and operation has led to the construction of a cold model for the flow of gases through the combustion pot. Flow analyses indicate that even with relatively slow flows the mainstream flow is turbulent. Methanol and water densities of a series of char samples… more
Date: March 1, 1977
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of American coals in relation to their conversion into clean energy fuels. Quarterly technical progress report, October--December 1977

Description: The Penn State/DOE Coal Sample Bank has been expanded. A total of 54 characterized coal samples and 232 selected printouts of coal data were provided upon request to the coal research community. Work has been conducted using nitrogen as a pyrolysis medium at 808/sup 0/C and seven size grades of the Texas Darco lignite (PSOC-412) as starting material. This work was intended to extend previous work on the effects of particle size on pyrolysis. A study is being made into the effects of low tempera… more
Date: March 1, 1978
Creator: Spackman, W.; Davis, A.; Walker, P. L.; Lovell, H. L.; Essenhigh, R. H.; Vastola, F. J. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of an airfoil as affected by fabric sag

Description: "This report presents the results of tests made at a high value of the Reynolds Number in the N.A.C.A. variable-density wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil as affected by fabric sag. Tests were made of two Gottingen 387 airfoils, one having the usual smooth surface and the other having a surface modified to simulate two types of fabric sag. The results of these tests indicate that the usual sagging of the wind covering between ribs has a very small effect on t… more
Date: August 1932
Creator: Ward, Kenneth E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Characteristics of an electron-beam rocket pellet accelerator

Description: A proof-of-principle (POP) electron-beam pellet accelerator has been developed and used for accelerating hydrogen and deuterium pellets. An intact hydrogen pellet was accelerated to a speed of 460 m/s by an electron beam of 13.5 keV. 0.3 A, and 2 ms. The maximum speed is limited by the acceleration path length (0.4 m) and pellet integrity. Experimental data have been collected for several hundred hydrogen pellets, which were accelerated by electron beams with parameters of voltage up to 16 kV, … more
Date: January 1, 1991
Creator: Tsai, C. C.; Foster, C. A.; Milora, S. L. & Schechter, D. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
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Characteristics of an electron-beam rocket pellet accelerator

Description: An electron-beam rocket pellet accelerator has been designed, built, assembled, and tested as a proof-of-principle (POP) apparatus. The main goal of accelerators based on this concept is to use intense electron-beam heating and ablation of a hydrogen propellant stick to accelerate deuterium and/or tritium pellets to ultrahigh speeds (10 to 20 km/s) for plasma fueling of next-generation fusion devices such as the International Thermonuclear Engineering Reactor (ITER). The POP apparatus is descri… more
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Tsai, C. C.; Foster, C. A. & Schechter, D. E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
open access

Characteristics of an intense neutron source based on the d + Be reaction

Description: A neutron source designed for fusion-related radiation damage studies has been built based on the d + Be reaction. Using a 40 MeV, 20 ..mu..A deuteron beam from the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron neutron fluxes of 1 - 2 x 10/sup 12/n/cm/sup 2//sec are obtained over an area approx. 50 mm/sup 2/. The design of the source is described, together with time-of-flight and activation foil measurements of the thick target neutron yields from the /sup 9/Be(d,n) reaction for the angular range from 0 to 9… more
Date: November 1, 1976
Creator: Saltmarsh, M. J.; Ludemann, C. A.; Fulmer, C. B. & Styles, R. C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of an ultrafast x-ray streak camera

Description: The detection and temporal dispersion of the x-rays using x-ray streak cameras has been limited to a resolution of 2 ps, primarily due to the transit time dispersion of the electrons between the photocathode and the acceleration grid. The transit time spread of the electrons traveling from the photocathode to the acceleration grid is inversely proportional to the accelerating field. By increasing the field by a factor of 7, we have minimized the effects of transit time dispersion in the photoca… more
Date: June 1, 1994
Creator: Shepherd, R.; Booth, R. & Price, D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Article
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Characteristics of and Reporting Requirements for Selected Tax-Exempt Organizations

Description: This report addresses the differences among the tax-exempt organizations described in Internal Revenue Code subsections 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(6), and section 527 - charitable organizations, social welfare organizations, labor unions, trade associations, and political organizations, respectively.
Date: January 30, 2007
Creator: Lunder, Erika
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Characteristics of and Reporting Requirements for Selected Tax-Exempt Organizations

Description: This report addresses the differences among the tax-exempt organizations described in Internal Revenue Code subsections 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(6), and section 527. Each type of organization has a unique statutory definition, enjoy benefits from obtaining tax-exempt status, is subject to statutory limitations on its activities, and must disclose certain information to the IRS and the general public. At the end of the report is a chart that summarizes the organizations' character… more
Date: April 18, 2005
Creator: Lunder, Erika
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Characteristics of and Reporting Requirements for Selected Tax-Exempt Organizations

Description: This report addresses in summary fashion the differences among several kinds of tax-exempt organizations described in Internal Revenue Code [IRC] subsections 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(6), and section 527. Each of these types of organization has a unique statutory definition, is subject to certain statutory limitations on its activities, enjoys certain benefits from obtaining tax-exempt status, and must share certain information with the general public. Following the report is a ta… more
Date: March 8, 2001
Creator: Morris, Marie B.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ANODIC AND CORROSION FILMS ON ZIRCONIUM

Description: Zirconium anodizes similarly to tungsten in respect to the change of interference colors with applied voltage. However, the oxide layer on tungsten cannot reach as great a thickness. Hafnium does not anodize in the same way as zirconium but is similar to tantalum. By measuring the interference color and capacitative thicknesses on zirconium (Grades I and III) and a 2.5 wt.% tin ailoy, the film was found to grow less rapidly in terms of capacitance than in terms of iaterference colors. This was … more
Date: May 1960
Creator: Misch, R. D.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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