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open access

Analysis of Wind-Tunnel Stability and Control Tests in Terms of Flying Qualities in Full-Scale Airplanes

Description: From Summary: "The analysis of results of wind-tunnel stability and control tests of powered airplane models in terms of the flying qualities of full-scale airplanes is advocated. In order to indicate the topics upon which comments are considered desirable in the report of a wind-tunnel stability and control investigation and to demonstrate the nature of the suggested analysis, the present NACA flying-qualities requirements are discussed in relation to wind-tunnel tests. General procedures for … more
Date: October 1943
Creator: Kayten, Gerald G.
open access

The effect of compressibility on two-dimensional tunnel-wall interference for a symmetrical airfoil

Description: Summary: The effective change in the velocity of flow past a wing section, caused by the presence of wind-tunnel walls, is known for potential flow. This theory is extended by investigation of the two-dimensional compressible flow past a thin Rankine Oval. It is shown that for a symmetrical section at zero angle of attack the velocity increment due to the tunnel walls in the incompressible case must be multiplied by the factor 1/1-M^2 to take account of compressibility effects. The Mach numb… more
Date: May 1943
Creator: Nitzberg, Gerald E.
open access

Emergency Measures for Increasing the Range of Fighter Airplanes

Description: "An analysis was made to show the relative effectiveness of streamline external fuel tanks, a fuel tank in the form of a wing mounted in a biplane position, and auxiliary wing panels attached at the wing tips to increase the span as temporary means for increasing the range of a fighter-type airplane. Figures and charts for the various devices considered show the results of calculations of range, duration of flight, and take-off distance for both land-base and carrier operation. The results indi… more
Date: May 1943
Creator: Jones, Robert T. & Wetmore, Joseph W.
open access

Review of Flight Tests of NACA C and D Cowlings on the XP-42 Airplane

Description: Report presenting the results of flight tests of the performance and cooling characteristics of three NACA D cowlings and of a conventional NACA C cowling on the XP-42 airplane. The D cowling is, generally, characterized by the use of an annular inlet and diffuser section for the engine-cooling air. An increase in maximum speed was noted in the XP-42 airplane due to the change from a C cowling to a D cowling.
Date: April 1943
Creator: Johnston, J. Ford
open access

NACA Mach number indicator for use in high-speed tunnels

Description: Report presenting a description of a device for indicating stream Mach number in a high-speed tunnel. It consists of a mechanism for determining the pressure ratio that Mach number is a function of. The instrument is in service in the 8-foot high-speed tunnel and its accuracy has been found adequate for wind-tunnel requirements.
Date: July 1943
Creator: Smith, Norman F.
open access

Flight Measurements of the Effect of Various Amounts of Aileron Droop on the Low-Speed Lateral-Control Characteristics of an Observation Airplane

Description: Report presenting tests of the low-speed lateral-control characteristics of an observation airplane with ailerons and spoilers in combination and with the spoilers disconnected and the ailerons used alone with various amounts of droop. The results indicated that in unstalled flight at low speeds and with flaps deflected, little or no aerodynamic benefit was derived by changing the lateral-control system from the aileron and spoiler combination to a normal aileron installation either with or wit… more
Date: August 18, 1943
Creator: Turner, William N.
open access

Determination of General Relations for the Behavior of Turbulent Boundary Layers

Description: Report presenting an analysis of data for turbulent boundary layers along wings and bodies of various shapes in order to determine the fundamental variables that control the development of turbulent boundary layers. Results indicate that the type of velocity distribution in the boundary layer could be expressed in terms of a single parameter.
Date: July 1943
Creator: von Doenhoff, Albert E. & Tetervin, Neal
open access

An Investigation of Aircraft Heaters 9: Measured and Predicted Performance of Two Exhaust Gas-Air Heat Exchangers and an Apparatus for Evaluating Exhaust Gas-Air Heat Exchangers

Description: Report presenting laboratory testing to determine the thermal output and pressure drop characteristics of the Airesearch and Solar fluted-type exhaust gas-air heat exchangers. The apparatus used in these tests consisted of a natural gas furnace of 3,000,000 Btu per hour thermal capacity, a centrifugal blower, and a system of ducting and various measuring devices. Results regarding the method of analysis, the Airesearch heat exchanger tests, the solar heat exchanger tests, and a comparison of th… more
Date: March 1943
Creator: Boelter, L. M. K.; Miller, M. A.; Sharp, W. H.; Morrin, E. H.; Iversen, H. W. & Mason, W. E.
open access

The effect of altitude on cooling

Description: Report presenting variables that control the cooling of liquid-cooled and air-cooled engines and then to show by illustrations how either engine may be cooled at any desired altitude. Cooling was found to not be the limiting factor in the design of high-altitude airplanes and was also not found to be a valid reason for selecting either liquid- or air-cooled engines for high-altitude operation.
Date: March 1943
Creator: Brevoort, Maurice J.; Joyner, Upshur T. & Wood, George P.
open access

Derivation of charts for determining the horizontal tail load variation with any elevator motion

Description: Report presenting equations relating the wing and tail loads are derived for a unit elevator displacement. The equations are converted into a nondimensoinal form and charts are given that can be used to predict wing- and tail-load-increment variation for any type of elevator motion and for degrees of airplane stability.
Date: January 1943
Creator: Pearson, Henry A.
open access

Icing Tests of Aircraft-Engine Induction Systems

Description: Report presenting a program of icing tests conducted on an aircraft-engine induction system consisting of a Wright R-1820, G-200 blower section, Holley 1375-F carburetor and adapter, and specially built air scoop. The primary purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of a number of possible factors on icing of engine-induction systems, including carburetor-air temperature, air-moisture content, water-droplet size, throttle opening, mixture ratio, rate of air flow, altitude, and o… more
Date: January 1943
Creator: Kimball, Leo B.
open access

Laminar-boundary-layer oscillations and transition on a flat plate

Description: Report presenting an investigation of oscillations in the laminar boundary layer on a flat plate and their relation to transition to turbulent flow. The characteristics of boundary-layer oscillations were studied most successfully when the oscillations were artificially produced by a vibrating ribbon placed in the boundary layer near the surface. A review of theory regarding laminar-boundary-layer oscillations is provided.
Date: April 1943
Creator: Schubauer, G. B. & Skramstad, H. K.
open access

A Theoretical Investigation of the Lateral Oscillations of an Airplane With Free Rudder With Special Reference to the Effect of Friction

Description: Report presenting charts showing the variation in dynamic stability with the rudder hinge-moment characteristics. A stabilizing rudder floating tendency combined with a high degree of aerodynamic balance is shown to lead to oscillations of increasing amplitude.
Date: March 1943
Creator: Greenberg, Harry & Sternfield, Leonard
open access

Wind Tunnel Investigation of Control-Surface Characteristics 11: Various Large Overhang and Internal-Type Aerodynamic Balances for a Straight- Contour Flap on the NACA 0015 Airfoil

Description: Report presenting force-test measurements in two-dimensional flow in the 4- by 6-foot vertical tunnel to determine the characteristics of several different shaped overhang-type aerodynamic balances applied to a straight-contour flap mounted on an NACA 0015 airfoil. The flap with blunt-nose overhang was overbalanced throughout certain ranges of flap deflection. Results regarding precision, lift, flap hinge moments, pitching moment, and drag are provided.
Date: January 1943
Creator: Sears, Richard I. & Hoggard, H. Page, Jr.
open access

Wind Tunnel Investigation of Control Surface Characteristics: [Part] 12 - Various Cover-Plate Alinements on the NACA 0015 Airfoil With a 30 Percent Chord Flap and Large Sealed Internal Balance

Description: Report presenting force-test measurements in two-dimensional flow made in the 4- by 6-foot vertical tunnel to determine the aerodynamic effects of changing the alignment of the cover plates on a sealed internally balanced flap. Manufacturing imperfections in the alignment of the cover plates with the airfoil contour may have serious effects on the resultant hinge moment of a flap with a sealed internal balance. Results regarding lift, flap hinge moments, pitching moment, and drag are provided.
Date: January 1943
Creator: Hoggard, H. Page, Jr.
open access

Theory and preliminary flight tests of an all-movable vertical tail surface

Description: Report presenting flight testing of an improved type of all-movable tail surface. The particular arrangement tested provides control-free stability and a stable variation of the control forces during maneuvers. Results regarding rudder effectiveness, directional stability, rudder-free lateral motion, and rudder-free turns are provided.
Date: January 1943
Creator: Jones, Robert T. & Kleckner, Harold F.
open access

Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Full-Span Retractable Flap in Combination With Full-Span Plain and Internally Balanced Ailerons on a Tapered Wing

Description: Report discusses the results of an investigation into a full-span retractable flap in combination with a full-span plain and internally balanced ailerons on a tapered wing of a typical fighter airplane.The flap was designed to improve lateral control during high lifts for landing and take-off. The effects on the maximum life coefficient, aileron effectiveness, estimated rates of roll, and stick forces are provided.
Date: August 1943
Creator: Rogallo, F. M.; Lowry, John G. & Fischel, Jack
open access

Wind-tunnel tests of two tapered wings with straight leading edges and with constant-chord center sections of different spans

Description: Report presenting an investigation in the 19-foot pressure tunnel of two-tapered wings with NACA 230-series airfoil sections, straight leading edges, and constant-chord center sections. Lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients were determined for the plain wing and for each flap arrangement for a range of Reynolds numbers. The results indicated that the wing with the square center section has greater maximum lift coefficients and increments of maximum lift due to flap deflections than the w… more
Date: October 1943
Creator: Fairbanks, Richard W. & Alexander, Sidney R.
open access

Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Control-Surface Characteristics 15: Various Contour Modifications of a 0.30-Airfoil-Chord Plain Flap on an NACA 66(215)-014 Airfoil

Description: Report presenting force-test measurements in two-dimensional flow made in the 4- by 6-foot vertical tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of an NACA 66(215)-014 airfoil equipped with true-contour, straight-contour, and beveled-trailing-edge flaps with chords 30 percent of the airfoil chord. The results are presented in the form of aerodynamic section characteristics for several flap deflections and for a sealed and unsealed gap at the flap nose.
Date: December 1943
Creator: Purser, Paul E. & Riebe, John M.
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