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open access

Error and Fraud in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Description: This report seeks to define terms related to errors and fraud; identify problems and describe what is known of their extent; summarize current policy and practice; and share recommendations, proposals, and pilots that have come up in recent years. The report answers several questions around four main types of inaccuracy and misconduct: trafficking SNAP benefits (by retailers and by recipients); retailer application fraud; errors and fraud in SNAP household applications; and errors and fraud com… more
Date: March 30, 2018
Creator: Cline, Daniel R. & Aussenberg, Randy Alison
open access

Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress

Description: This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) class aircraft carrier program. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests a total of $1,598.2 million in procurement funding for the program. Congress's decisions on the CVN-78 program could substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the shipbuilding industrial base.
Date: March 30, 2018
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
open access

Recently Expired Individual Tax Provisions (Tax Extenders"): In Brief

Description: This report provides background information on three individual income tax provisions (Tax Exclusion for Canceled Mortgage Debt, Mortgage Insurance Premium Deductibility, and Above-the-Line Deduction for Qualified Tuition and Related Expenses) that expired in 2017.
Date: March 30, 2018
Creator: Sherlock, Molly F.; Keightley, Mark P.; Gravelle, Jane G. & Driessen, Grant A.
open access

Congressional Efforts to Amend Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

Description: This report examines selected differences between the House and the Senate legislation that would amend Title I of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. 2601-2629). Title I of TSCA is the principal federal statute that applies to the regulation of the lifecycle of commercial chemicals from their manufacture (defined to include importation) to disposal if elements of the lifecycle are found to present unreasonable risks.
Date: March 30, 2016
Creator: Yen, Jerry H.
open access

Cybersecurity: Legislation, Hearings, and Executive Branch Documents

Description: This report provides links to cybersecurity-related committee hearings in the 112th, 113th, and 114th Congresses. It also provides a list of executive orders and presidential directives pertaining to information and computer security.
Date: March 30, 2016
Creator: Tehan, Rita
open access

Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations

Description: This report provides an overview of political and economic conditions in Mexico, followed by assessments of some key issues of congressional interest in Mexico: security and foreign aid, extraditions, human rights, trade, migration, energy, education, and water issues.
Date: March 30, 2016
Creator: Ribando Seelke, Clare
open access

A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress

Description: This report briefly describes the shift in the international security environment that some observers believe has occurred, and identifies some defense related issues for Congress that could arise from it. Congress's decisions on these issues could have significant implications for U.S. defense capabilities and funding requirements.
Date: March 30, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
open access

2011 Lobbying Disclosure: Observations on Lobbyists' Compliance with Disclosure Requirements

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Most lobbyists were able to provide documentation to demonstrate compliance with disclosure requirements. This finding is similar to GAO’s results from prior reviews. There are no specific requirements for lobbyists to create or maintain documentation related to disclosure reports they file under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 as amended (LDA). Nonetheless, and similar to last year’s results, for t… more
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Border Security: Opportunities Exist to Ensure More Effective Use of DHS's Air and Marine Assets

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "GAO’s analysis of the Office of Air and Marine (OAM) data found that OAM met 73 percent of the 38,662 air support requests and 88 percent of the 9,913 marine support requests received in fiscal year 2010. The level of support differed by location, customers, and type of mission. For example, in its northern region OAM met air support requests 77 percent of the time and in its southeast region, it met th… more
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Congressional Franking Privilege: Background and Recent Legislation

Description: This report is categorized into seven categories: (I) Background, (II) Member Mail Allowances, (III) Regulation, (IV) Costs, (V) Legislation in the 112th Congress, (VI) Legislation in the 111th Congress and (VII) Legislation in the 110th Congress.
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: Glassman, Matthew Eric
open access

Expiring Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline

Description: This report discusses about the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 that authorizes most federal farm and food policies. It also discusses Programs Without Baseline After FY2012.
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: Monke, Jim
open access

Medicare: Implementation of Financial Incentive Programs under Federal Fraud and Abuse Laws

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Certain financial incentive programs are permitted within the framework of federal fraud and abuse laws, but stakeholders GAO spoke with reported that the laws, regulations, and agency guidance have created challenges for program design and implementation. The Stark law and anti-kickback statute, which restrict financial relationships among providers, have statutory and regulatory exceptions and safe ha… more
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Prescription Drugs: FDA Has Met Most Performance Goals for Reviewing Applications

Description: A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "FDA met most performance goals for priority and standard NDAs and BLAs received from FY 2000 through FY 2010. FDA meets its performance goals by completing its review and issuing an action letter—such as an approval or a response detailing deficiencies that are preventing the application from being approved—for a specified percentage of applications within a designated period of time. FDA designates NDA… more
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
open access

Selected Agency Budget Justifications for FY2013

Description: This report provides a convenient listing of online FY2013 agency budget justification submissions for all 15 executive branch departments and 9 selected independent agencies.
Date: March 30, 2012
Creator: Murray, Justin
open access

Central America Regional Security Initiative: Background and Policy Issues for Congress

Description: This report examines the extent of the security problems in Central America, the current efforts being undertaken by Central American governments to address them, and U.S. support for Central American efforts through the Central America Regional Security Initiative. It also raises potential policy issues for congressional consideration such as funding levels, human rights concerns, and how the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) relates to other U.S. government policies.
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Meyer, Peter J. & Ribando Seelke, Clare
open access

China and the United States—A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies

Description: This report looks at the laws, programs, and policies encouraging development of wind, solar, and biomass power in the China and the United States. While hydropower is the most developed source of renewable electricity in both China and the United States, additional development of conventional hydropower is not currently a major focus of energy policy in the United States.
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Campbell, Richard J.
open access

Collective Bargaining and Employees in the Public Sector

Description: This report examines the collective bargaining rights of federal, state, and local workers. The report also discusses the constitutional concerns that may be raised by state legislation that attempts to invalidate existing collective bargaining agreements.
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Shimabukuro, Jon O.
open access

The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)

Description: This report covers the background and recent history on the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). This committee has recently emerged from obscurity due to concerns involving foreign investments in U.S. companies and national security.
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Jackson, James K.
open access

Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions

Description: This report addresses frequently asked questions about the risk from earthquakes to highway systems, including bridges, tunnels, pavements, and other highway components. Particular attention is given to highway bridges, which often are the most vulnerable highway structures. The report also discusses federal and nonfederal actions to reduce seismic risk to the U.S. highway system.
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Mallett, William J.; Carter, Nicole T. & Folger, Peter
open access

The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment

Description: This report covers the recent background of the Exon-Florio provision with special regards to issues faced in the 112th Congress. The Exon-Florio provision grants the President the authority to block proposed or pending foreign acquisitions of “persons engaged in interstate commerce in the United States” that threaten to impair the national security.
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Jackson, James K.
open access

Foreign Investment, CFIUS, and Homeland Security: An Overview

Description: This report gives a brief overview of P.L. 110-49, the Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007. Although both the President and Congress are directly involved in formulating the scope and direction of U.S. foreign investment policy, this law broadens Congress’s oversight role; it also explicitly includes the areas of homeland security and critical infrastructure as separately-identifiable components of national security that the President must consider when evaluating the national … more
Date: March 30, 2011
Creator: Jackson, James K.
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