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Adaptive Liquid Crystal Windows

Description: Energy consumption by private and commercial sectors in the U.S. has steadily grown over the last decade. The uncertainty in future availability of imported oil, on which the energy consumption relies strongly, resulted in a dramatic increase in the cost of energy. About 20% of this consumption are used to heat and cool houses and commercial buildings. To reduce dependence on the foreign oil and cut down emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to eliminate losses and reduce total energy c… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Taheri, Bahman & Bodnar, Volodymyr
open access

The Bakken-An Unconventional Petroleum and Reservoir System

Description: An integrated geologic and geophysical study of the Bakken Petroleum System, in the Williston basin of North Dakota and Montana indicates that: (1) dolomite is needed for good reservoir performance in the Middle Bakken; (2) regional and local fractures play a significant role in enhancing permeability and well production, and it is important to recognize both because local fractures will dominate in on-structure locations; and (3) the organic-rich Bakken shale serves as both a source and reserv… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Sarg, Frederick
open access

Battleground Energy Recovery Project

Description: In October 2009, the project partners began a 36-month effort to develop an innovative, commercial-scale demonstration project incorporating state-of-the-art waste heat recovery technology at Clean Harbors, Inc., a large hazardous waste incinerator site located in Deer Park, Texas. With financial support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Battleground Energy Recovery Project was launched to advance waste heat recovery solutions into the hazardous waste incineration market, an area t… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Bullock, Daniel
open access

Beam Line Design and Beam Physics Study of Energy Recovery Linac Free Electron Laser at Peking University

Description: Energy recovering linac (ERL) offers an attractive alternative for generating intense beams of charged particles by approaching the operational efficiency of a storage ring while maintaining the superior beam quality typical of a linear accelerator. In ERLs, the decelerated beam cancels the beam loading effects of the accelerated beam with high repetition rate. Therefore, ERLs can, in principle, accelerate very high average currents with only modest amounts of RF power. So the efficiency of RF … more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Wang, Guimei
open access

Characterization of Methane Degradation and Methane-Degrading Microbes in Alaska Coastal Water

Description: The net flux of methane from methane hydrates and other sources to the atmosphere depends on methane degradation as well as methane production and release from geological sources. The goal of this project was to examine methane-degrading archaea and organic carbon oxidizing bacteria in methane-rich and methane-poor sediments of the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. The Beaufort Sea system was sampled as part of a multi-disciplinary expedition (“Methane in the Arctic Shelf” or MIDAS) in September 2009. … more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Kirchman, David
open access

Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation

Description: Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas-turbine engines afford higher operating temperatures, resulting in enhanced efficiencies and performance. However, in the case of syngas-fired engines, fly ash particulate impurities that may be present in syngas can melt on the hotter TBC surfaces and form glassy deposits. These deposits can penetrate the TBCs leading to their failure. In experiments using lignite fly ash to simulate these conditions we show that conventional TBCs of composit… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Padture, Nitin
open access

Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation

Description: Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas-turbine engines afford higher operating temperatures, resulting in enhanced efficiencies and performance. However, in the case of syngas-fired engines, fly ash particulate impurities that may be present in syngas can melt on the hotter TBC surfaces and form glassy deposits. These deposits can penetrate the TBCs leading to their failure. In experiments using lignite fly ash to simulate these conditions we show that conventional TBCs of composit… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Padture, Nitin
open access

Detection and Production of Methane Hydrate

Description: This project seeks to understand regional differences in gas hydrate systems from the perspective of as an energy resource, geohazard, and long-term climate influence. Specifically, the effort will: (1) collect data and conceptual models that targets causes of gas hydrate variance, (2) construct numerical models that explain and predict regional-scale gas hydrate differences in 2-dimensions with minimal 'free parameters', (3) simulate hydrocarbon production from various gas hydrate systems to e… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Hirasaki, George; Chapman, Walter; Dickens, Gerald; Zelt, Colin; Dugan, Brandon; Mohanty, Kishore et al.
open access

Development of Nano-crystalline Doped-Ceramic Enabled Fiber Sensors for High Temperature In-Situ Monitoring of Fossil Fuel Gases

Description: This is a final technical report for the first project year from July 1, 2005 to Jan 31, 2012 for DoE/NETL funded project “DE-FC26-05NT42439: Development of Nanocrystalline Doped-Ceramic Enabled Fiber Sensors for High Temperature In-Situ Monitoring of Fossil Fuel Gases.” This report summarizes the technical progresses and achievements towards the development of novel nanocrystalline doped ceramic material-enabled optical fiber sensors for in situ and real time monitoring the gas composition… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Xiao, Hai; Dong, Junhang; Lin, Jerry & Romero, Van
open access

Development, Verification, and Validation of Multiphase Models for Polydisperse Flows

Description: This report describes in detail the technical findings of the DOE Award entitled 'Development, Verification, and Validation of Multiphase Models for Polydisperse Flows.' The focus was on high-velocity, gas-solid flows with a range of particle sizes. A complete mathematical model was developed based on first principles and incorporated into MFIX. The solid-phase description took two forms: the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flows (KTGF) and Discrete Quadrature Method of Moments (DQMOM). The gas-soli… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Hrenya, Christine; Cocco, Ray; Fox, Rodney; Subramaniam, Shankar & Sundaresan, Sankaran
open access

E85 Optimized Engine

Description: A 5.0L V8 twin-turbocharged direct injection engine was designed, built, and tested for the purpose of assessing the fuel economy and performance in the F-Series pickup of the Dual Fuel engine concept and of an E85 optimized FFV engine. Additionally, production 3.5L gasoline turbocharged direct injection (GTDI) “EcoBoost” engines were converted to Dual Fuel capability and used to evaluate the cold start emissions and fuel system robustness of the Dual Fuel engine concept. Project objectives… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Bower, Stanley
open access

Energy Returned On Investment of Engineered Geothermal Systems Annual Report FY2011

Description: Energy Return On Investment (EROI) is an important figure of merit for assessing the viability of energy alternatives. For geothermal electric power generation, EROI is determined by the electricity delivered to the consumer compared to the energy consumed to construct, operate, and decommission the facility. Critical factors in determining the EROI of Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) are examined in this work. These include the input energy embodied into the system. The embodied energy incl… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Mansure, A. J.
open access

Energy Savings and Economics of Advanced Control Strategies for Packaged Air-Conditioning Units with Gas Heat

Description: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Program (BTP) evaluated a number of control strategies that can be implemented in a controller, to improve the operational efficiency of the packaged air conditioning units. The two primary objectives of this research project are: (1) determine the magnitude of energy savings achievable by retrofitting existing packaged air conditioning units with advanced control strategies not … more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Wang, Weimin; Katipamula, Srinivas; Huang, Yunzhi & Brambley, Michael R.
open access

ESP – Data from Restarted Life Tests of Various Silicone Materials - 2011

Description: Current funding has allowed the restart of testing of various silicone materials placed in Life Tests or Aging Studies from past efforts. Some of these materials have been in test since 1982, with no testing for approximately 10 years, until funding allowed the restart in FY97. This report will provide data on materials used in production and on experimental materials not used in production. Charts for the various materials at different thickness, compression, and temperature combinations illus… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Schneider, Jim
open access

Final Technical Report: Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project

Description: This report summarizes the work conducted under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-FC36-04GO14285 by Mercedes-Benz & Research Development, North America (MBRDNA), Chrysler, Daimler, Mercedes Benz USA (MBUSA), BP, DTE Energy and NextEnergy to validate fuel cell technologies for infrastructure, transportation as well as assess technology and commercial readiness for the market. The Mercedes Team, together with its partners, tested the technology by operating and fueling hydrogen fu… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Grasman, Ronald
open access

Geomagnetic Storms and Long-Term Impacts on Power Systems

Description: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was commissioned to study the potential impact of a severe GIC event on the western U.S.-Canada power grid (referred to as the Western Interconnection). The study identified long transmission lines (length exceeding 150 miles) that did not include series capacitors. The basic assumption for the study is that a GIC is more likely to couple to long transmission lines, and that series capacitors would block the flow of the induced DC GIC. Power system simulati… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Kirkham, Harold; Makarov, Yuri V.; Dagle, Jeffery E.; DeSteese, John G.; Elizondo, Marcelo A. & Diao, Ruisheng
open access

Improvement to Air2Air Technology to Reduce Fresh-Water Evaporative Cooling Loss at Coal-Based Thermoelectric Power Plants

Description: This program was undertaken to enhance the manufacturability, constructability, and cost of the Air2Air{TM} Water Conservation and Plume Abatement Cooling Tower, giving a validated cost basis and capability. Air2Air{TM} water conservation technology recovers a portion of the traditional cooling tower evaporate. The Condensing Module provides an air-to-air heat exchanger above the wet fill media, extracting the heat from the hot saturated moist air leaving in the cooling tower and condensing wat… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Mortensen, Ken
open access

Integrated Reflection Seismic Monitoring and Reservoir Modeling for Geologic CO2 Sequestration

Description: The US DOE/NETL CCS MVA program funded a project with Fusion Petroleum Technologies Inc. (now SIGMA) to model the proof of concept of using sparse seismic data in the monitoring of CO{sub 2} injected into saline aquifers. The goal of the project was to develop and demonstrate an active source reflection seismic imaging strategy based on deployment of spatially sparse surface seismic arrays. The primary objective was to test the feasibility of sparse seismic array systems to monitor the CO{sub 2… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Rogers, John
open access

Integrating Natural Gas Hydrates in the Global Carbon Cycle

Description: We produced a two-dimensional geological time- and basin-scale model of the sedimentary margin in passive and active settings, for the simulation of the deep sedimentary methane cycle including hydrate formation. Simulation of geochemical data required development of parameterizations for bubble transport in the sediment column, and for the impact of the heterogeneity in the sediment pore fluid flow field, which represent new directions in modeling methane hydrates. The model is somewhat less s… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Archer, David & Buffett, Bruce
open access

Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments

Description: In this project we have sought to explain the co-existence of gas and hydrate phases in sediments within the gas hydrate stability zone. We have focused on the gas/brine interface at the scale of individual grains in the sediment. The capillary forces associated with a gas/brine interface play a dominant role in many processes that occur in the pores of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The mechanical forces associated with the same interface can lead to fracture initiation and propagation in hy… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Bryant, Steven & Juanes, Ruben
open access

Mechanisms Leading to Co-Existence of Gas Hydrate in Ocean Sediments

Description: In this project we have sought to explain the co-existence of gas and hydrate phases in sediments within the gas hydrate stability zone. We have focused on the gas/brine interface at the scale of individual grains in the sediment. The capillary forces associated with a gas/brine interface play a dominant role in many processes that occur in the pores of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The mechanical forces associated with the same interface can lead to fracture initiation and propagation in hy… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Bryant, Steven & Juanes, Ruben
open access

Mountaineer Commerical Scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Project

Description: The Final Technical documents all work performed during the award period on the Mountaineer Commercial Scale Carbon Capture & Storage project. This report presents the findings and conclusions produced as a consequence of this work. As identified in the Cooperative Agreement DE-FE0002673, AEP's objective of the Mountaineer Commercial Scale Carbon Capture and Storage (MT CCS II) project is to design, build and operate a commercial scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) system capable of treating… more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Gilliland, Deanna & Usher, Matthew
open access

Multiplexed Optical Fiber Sensors for Coal Fired Advanced Fossil Energy Systems

Description: This report summarizes technical progress on the program “Multiplexed Optical Fiber Sensors for Coal Fired Advanced Fossil Energy Systems” funded by the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, and performed jointly by the Center for Photonics Technology of the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Virginia Tech. This three-year project started on October 1, 2008. In the project, a … more
Date: December 31, 2011
Creator: Wang, Anbo & Pickrell, Gary
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