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Case Studies of integrated hydrogen systems. International Energy Agency Hydrogen Implementing Agreement, Final report for Subtask A of task 11 - Integrated Systems

Description: Within the framework of the International Energy Agency Hydrogen Implementing Agreement, Task 11 was undertaken to develop tools to assist in the design and evaluation of existing and potential hydrogen demonstration projects. Emphasis was placed on integrated systems, from input energy to hydrogen end use. Included in the PDF document are the Executive Summary of the final report and the various case studies. The activities of task 11 were focused on near- and mid-term applications, with consi… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Schucan, T.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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A Chaotic-Dynamical Conceptual Model to Describe Fluid flow and Contaminant Transport in a Fractured Vadose zone

Description: (1) To determine if and when dynamical chaos theory can be used to investigate infiltration of fluid and contaminant transport in heterogeneous soils and fractured rocks. (2) To introduce a new approach to the multiscale characterization of flow and transport in fractured basalt vadose zones and to develop physically based conceptual models on a hierarchy of scales. The following activities are indicative of the success in meeting the project s objectives: A series of ponded infiltration tests,… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Faybishenko, Boris; Doughty, Christine; Stoops, Thomas M.; Wood, thomas R. & Wheatcraft, Stephen W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Characterization of a new family of metal transporters

Description: Metal ions are critical nutrients, yet overaccumulation of these same metals can also be toxic. To maintain appropriate intracellular levels, cells require specific metal uptake systems that are subject to precise homeostatic regulation. The long-range goal of our research is to define the molecular mechanism(s) and regulation of metal ion uptake in eukaryotic cells. Integrating genetic, molecular biological and biochemical approaches, we have examined these processes in the yeast Saccharomyces… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Guerinot, Mary L. & Dide, David
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Chemical Decomposition of High-Level Nuclear Waste Storage/Disposal Glasses Under Irradiation

Description: In the United States alone there are 100 million gallons of high-level nuclear wastes (HLWs) in various chemical forms awaiting eventual disposal in geologic repositories. For safety in handling and transport from their present underground storage tanks to their final burial sites, much of the HLWs are being immobilized by vitrification. A further virtue of HLW vitrification is the fact that the glass may serve as an additional, non-geologic barrier to the dispersal of these radio-toxins into t… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Griscom, David L. & Merzbacher, Celia I.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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CO2 SEQUESTRATION AND RECYCLE BY PHOTOCATALYSIS WITH VISIBLE LIGHT

Description: Photocatalysis could provide a cost-effective route to recycle CO{sub 2} to useful chemicals or fuels. Development of an effective catalyst for the photocatalytic synthesis requires (i) the knowledge of the surface band gap and its relation to the surface structure, (ii) the reactivity of adsorbates and their reaction pathways, and (iii) the ability to manipulate the actives site for adsorption, surface reaction, and electron transfer. The research tasks accomplished during first six months inc… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Chuang, Steven S.C.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Colloidal Agglomerates in Tank Sludge: Impact on Waste Processing

Description: Disposal of millions of gallons of existing radioactive wastes in underground storage tanks is a major remediation activity for the United States Department of Energy. These wastes include a substantial volume of insoluble sludges consisting of submicron colloidal particles. Processing these sludges under the proposed processing conditions presents unique challenges in retrieval, transport, separation, and solidification of these waste streams. Depending on processing conditions, these colloida… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Tingey, Joel M.; Berg, John D.; Keefer, K. D.; Lea, A. S.; Rector, D. R.; Virden, J. W. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Combustion 2000

Description: This report presents work carried out under contract DE-AC22-95PC95144 ''Combustion 2000 - Phase II.'' The goals of the program are to develop a coal-fired high performance power generation system (HIPPS) that is capable of: {lg_bullet} thermal efficiency (HHV) {ge} 47% {lg_bullet} NOx, SOx, and particulates {le} 10% NSPS (New Source Performance Standard) {lg_bullet} coal providing {ge} 65% of heat input {lg_bullet} all solid wastes benign {lg_bullet} cost of electricity {le} 90% of present pla… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Cooled silicon nitride stationary turbine vane risk reduction. Final report

Description: The purpose of this program was to reduce the technical risk factors for demonstration of air cooled silicon nitride turbine vanes. The effort involved vane prototype fabrication efforts at two U.S. based gas turbine grade silicon nitride component manufacturers. The efficacy of the cooling system was analyzed via a thermal time/temperature flow test technique previously at UTRC. By having multiple vendors work on parts fabrication, the chance of program success increased for producing these ch… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Holowczak, John
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Determination of Transmutation Effects in Crystalline Waste Forms

Description: The overall goal of this Environmental Management Science Program project was to develop research tools to investigate the effect of transmutation, that is, the radioactive decay of a radioisotope to an isotope of another element, on the stability of a crystalline matrix. This process is an important issue in the assessment of the long-term stability, and hence performance, of a waste form. Most work on radiation effects in waste forms has focused on alpha radiation, which produces more displac… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Fortner, Jeffrey A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Development of a High Fluence Neutron Source for Nondestructive Characterization of Nuclear Waste

Description: We are addressing the need to measure nuclear wastes, residues, and spent fuel in order to process these for final disposition. For example, TRU wastes destined for the WIPP must satisfy extensive characterization criteria outlined in the Waste Acceptance Criteria, the Quality Assurance Program Plan, and the Performance Demonstration Plan. Similar requirements exist for spent fuel and residues. At present, no nondestructive assay (NDA) instrumentation is capable of satisfying all of the PDP tes… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Pickrell, Mark M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Development of METHANE de-NOX reburning process. Quarterly report, October 1 - December 31, 1999

Description: The use of biomass and wood waste solids and sludges as fuel is often hampered by their low heating values and the presence of bound nitrogen that result in inefficient combustion and high NOx emission. Cofiring supplemental fuel through auxiliary burners helps with improving the combustion effectiveness and NOx reduction, but the benefits are limited to the fractional heat input of the auxiliary fuel. Demonstration tests have shown over 60% reduction in NOx, CO and VOC emissions, and a 2% incr… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Engineering Development of Coal-Fired High-Performance Power Systems Progress Report: October-December 1999

Description: A High Performance Power System (HIPPS) is being developed. This system is a coal-fired, combined cycle plant with indirect heating of gas turbine air. Foster Wheeler Development Corporation and a team consisting of Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation, Bechtel Corporation, University of Tennessee Space Institute and Westinghouse Electric Corporation are developing this system. In Phase 1 of the project, a conceptual design of a commercial plant was developed. Technical and economic analyses indic… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Tsuo, York
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Enhanced Sludge Processing of HLW: Hydrothermal Oxidation of Chromium, Technetium, and Complexants by Nitrate

Description: The objective of this project is to develop the scientific basis for hydrothermal separation of chromium from High Level Waste (HLW) sludges. Our worked is aimed at attaining a fundamental understanding of chromium speciation, oxidation/reduction and dissolution kinetics, reaction mechanisms, and transport properties under hydrothermal conditions in both simple and complex salt solutions that will ultimately lead to an efficient chromium leaching process.
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Buelow, Steven J. & Robinson, Jeanne M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Evaluation Of Isotopic Diagnostics For Subsurface Characterization And Monitoring : Field Experiments At The Tan And RWMC (SDA) Sites, Ineel

Description: The purpose of this project was to explore and refine applications of isotope measurements for guiding environmental remediation strategies. The isotopic compositions of samples from field sites were analyzed to address both basic scientific issues and site-specific problems. Initial efforts were concentrated on two sites at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). During the final year of the project, the focus of work was shifted to the Hanford site in Washington. … more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: DePaolo, Donald J.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Experimental Determination of Contaminant Metal Mobility as a Function of Temperature, Time, and Solution Chemistry

Description: During the FY96-FY99 funding cycle we examined the uptake of aqueous strontium onto goethite, kaolinite, and amorphous silica surfaces as a function of pH, total strontium, and temperature. Our overall goal was to produce a mechanistic sorption model that can be used in reaction-transport calculations to predict the mobility and attenuation of radioactive strontium (90Sr) in the environment. Our approach was to combine structural information derived from synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spect… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Carroll, Susan A. & O'Day, Peggy A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Extraction and Recovery of Mercury and Lead from Aqueous Waste Streams using Redox-Active Layered Materials

Description: The goals of this program have been to develop a series of new compounds that act as redox recyclable heavy metal ion selective materials. This has been a preliminary exploration into the viability of creating materials that act as selective exchange media. We have historically been involved in the separation of ionic pollutants such as radionuclides or toxic heavy metal ions from water by designing extractants with high selectivities and large capacities. We have also recognized that there is … more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Dorhout, P. K & Strauss, S. H.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Final Report: High Spectral Resolution Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Studies with the ARM UAV

Description: The active participation in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) science team that was anticipated in the grant proposal was indefinitely delayed after the first year due to a programmatic decision to exclude the high spectral resolution observations from the existing ARM UAV program. However, this report shows that substantial progress toward the science objectives of this grant have made with the help of separate funding from NASA and other agencies. In … more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Revercomb, Henry E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

The Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable. Annual reports for 1997, 1998, 1999

Description: The Roundtable was created in 1984 to provide a unique forum for dialog among top government, university, and industry leaders of the national science and technology enterprise. The purpose is to facilitate personal working relationships and exchange of ideas regarding issues, problems, and promising opportunities that are facing those charged with developing and deploying science and technology resources. These annual reports begin by describing the purpose, structure, and mode of operation of… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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High Temperature Condensed Phase Mass Spectrometric Analysis Program

Description: This program (EMSP Project No.60424) was funded by the EM Science Program for the development of an integrated mass spectrometric analysis system (see Figure 1.) capable of analyzing materials from room up to high temperatures, with the practical upper temperature limit to be experimentally determined. A primary objective of the program was the development of techniques to analyze waste materials during vitrification processing to produce waste forms. The sample is heated in the ion formation r… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Delmore, James E.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Hydrologic and Geochemical Controls on the Transport of Radionuclides in Natural Undisturbed Arid Environments as Determined by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Measurements

Description: This project developed low-level analytical methods for the measurement of radionuclides by accelerator mass spectrometry. The contaminant radionuclides potentially measurable by AMS include: 14C, 36Cl, 59Ni, 63Ni, 90Sr, 93Zr, 99Tc, 129I, 239Np, 239Pu, and other actinides. We chose to concentrate on 36Cl, 99Tc, 90Sr, and 129I. These nuclides were globally distributed as fallout during the era of atmospheric nuclear testing, and occur today in almost every environment. They also are prominent co… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Nimz, Gregory J.; Caffee, Marc W. & McAninch, Jeffrey
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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IMPROVED RISK ESTIMATES FOR CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

Description: Carbon tetrachloride has been used extensively within the DOE nuclear weapons facilities. Rocky Flats was formerly the largest volume consumer of CCl4 in the United States using 5000 gallons in 1977 alone (Ripple, 1992). At the Hanford site, several hundred thousand gallons of CCl4 were discharged between 1955 and 1973 into underground cribs for storage. Levels of CCl4 in groundwater at highly contaminated sites at the Hanford facility have exceeded 8 the drinking water standard of 5 ppb by sev… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Benson, Janet M. & Springer, David L.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

IN SITU INFRARED STUDY OF CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION OF NITRIC OXIDE (NO)

Description: The growing concerns for the environment and increasingly stringent standards for NO emission have presented a major challenge to control NO emissions from electric utility plants and automobiles. Catalytic decomposition of NO is the most attractive approach for the control of NO emission for its simplicity. Successful development of an effective catalyst for NO decomposition will greatly decrease the equipment and operation cost of NO control. Due to lack of understanding of the mechanism of N… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Interfacial Radiolysis Effects in Tank Waste Speciation

Description: The purpose of this project was to develop an understanding of radiolysis in systems relevant to nuclear wastes stored in tanks at DOE sites such as Hanford, Savannah River, and Idaho. Since these wastes are highly heterogeneous systems, determining the effects of particulate matter on the radiolytic yields was the main focus of interest. When translated to site-specific concerns, quantitative modeling of these processes can be developed once the fundamental phenomena are understood. Interpreta… more
Date: December 31, 1999
Creator: Orlando, Thom M.; Meisel, Dan & Camaioni, Donald M.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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