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Design, Construction, Field Testing, and Cost Analysis of An Experimental Electrodialysis Demineralizer for Brackish Waters

Description: Rpeort describing the electrodialysis process as a possible practical means for demineralizing saline waters. The tests described in the report are used to determine the effects of operating the process under field conditions, to provide estimates of the cost of demineralizing brackish waters on a large scale, and as a means of planning further needed research in this field.
Date: December 1956
Creator: Dankese, J. P.; Kirkham, T. A.; Maheras, G.; Mintz, M. S.; Powell, J. H.; Rosenberg, N. W. et al.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Operation of Pilot Plant LTV Evaporator at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina

Description: From Introduction: "The primary objective in the development of the W. L. Badger Long Tube Vertical Multiple Effect Evaporator for saline water conversion is to minimize the ultimate cost of producing potable water. To accomplish the primary objective, it is necessary to (1) prevent formation of scale on heating surfaces, and (2) minimize corrosion to permit use of inexpensive materials of construction. The work done leading to this report was guided in the direction of accomplishing the two se… more
Date: December 1959
Creator: W. L. Badger and Associates, Inc.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Saline Water Conversion by Freezing: An Integral Processing unit Using a Secondary Refrigerant

Description: From Introduction: "The study of the conversion of saline water by direct freezing using a secondary refrigerant has been sponsored by the the Office of Saline Water at Cornell University since the beginning of 1958. This report first considers the energy relationships which can be the basis for much controversy regarding the freezing process."
Date: August 1960
Creator: Weigandt, H. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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A Study and Development of the Hickman Sea-Water Still

Description: From Introduction: "The report is organized into three major sections and three appendixes. In first major section are presented a brief historical account of the work done by other organizations prior to November, 1957, and a detailed description of the experiments conducted by Battelle with the No.4 and No. 5 stills. The second major section summarizes the results of cost studies. The third major section gives data, calculations, and derivations pertaining to the heat-transfer aspects of the … more
Date: September 1960
Creator: Buckel, W. L.; Beck, W. D.; Irwin, J. R.; Putnam, A. A. & Eibling, J. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Corrosion of Metals in Sea Water

Description: Report issued by the Office of Saline over the corrosive properties of sea water on metals. As stated in the report, "the following paragraphs outline the major factors which influence corrosion reactions" (p. 2). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Date: December 1960
Creator: Fink, Frederick W.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Investigation of Supersaturation in Saline Water Conversion

Description: From Objectives and Outline of the Program: "The primary objective of this work has been the determination of the conditions which control the allowable level of supersaturation of the conditions which control the allowable level of supersaturation of calcium sulfate in the waste stream of electrodialysis demieralizers."
Date: February 1961
Creator: Lurie, R. M.; Berg, M. E. & Giuffrida, A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Study and Field Evaluation of Solar Sea-Water Stills

Description: From Introduction: "This report describes the progress of the study and field evaluation of solar sea-water stills during the first 2 years of a research program being conducted for the Office of Saline Water, United States Department of the Interior, by Battelle Memorial Institute. The period covered by the report extends from January 20, 1958, to January 31, 1960."
Date: September 1961
Creator: Bloemer, J. W.; Collins, R. A. & Eibling, J. A.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Evaluation of a Thin-Film Sea Water Distillation Unit for Marine and Shore Base Application

Description: Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over studies conducted on a thin film sea water distillation unit. As stated in the summary, "a General Electric Thin Film Sea Water Distillation Unit designed for marine application has been evaluated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the thin film process for this application. The technology made available by this work provides criteria for the design of compact equipment" (p. 1). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs. more
Date: October 1961
Creator: General Electric Company
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Vapor Compression with Secondary Heat-Transfer Media

Description: From Introduction: "The use of a secondary heat-transfer media in a vapor-compression distillation unit was suggested for investigation as a process for saline water conversion because previous studies on the vapor-compression cycle at low temperatures showed that the fixed charges on the compressor are a substantial part of the final water-product cast. Other fluids were evaluated as above, the results of which are shown in table 1. Data on the other fluids shown in table 1 will be found in th… more
Date: December 1961
Creator: H.K. Ferguson Company
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Removal of Scale-Forming Compounds from Sea Water

Description: From Recommendations: "Laboratory research on the process for descaling sea water should be continued to improve the process and thereby lower the cost. Research efforts should be concentrated on methods for producing low cost sodium phosphates (needed for the precipitation of the scale-forming elements) from fertilizer grade phosphates and on increasing the crystalline nature of the phosphate precipitates (to reduce dewatering costs). The descaled sea water should be experimentally evaluated f… more
Date: February 1962
Creator: W.R. Grace & Co.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Seawater Softening by Ion Exchange as a Saline Water Conversion Pretreatment

Description: From Introduction: "A pilot plant embodying these ideas, in an unusual method of softening, was designed and constructed by the Texas Division of The Dow Chemical Company. Two 4,000 gallon per day vapor compression evaporators were furnished for the testing program bu the Bureau of Yards and Docks of the United States Navy. This report summarizes the results of the testing program."
Date: May 1962
Creator: McIlhenny, W. F.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Removal of Scale-Forming Compounds from Sea Water

Description: From introduction: "In the process of being developed under Contract No. 14-01-001-202 fertilizer grade phosphoric acid (or sodium phosphates obtained from reacting phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide or soda ash) is mixed with sea water. The subsequent addition of ammonia causes the precipitation of solids which are then allowed to settle from water. The resulting descaled sea water is now ready for utilization in a water recovering plant."
Date: September 1962
Creator: W.R. Grace & Co.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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Investigation and Preparation of Polymer Films to Improve the Separation of Water and Salts in Saline Water Conversion

Description: From Introduction: "As will be explained in more detail elsewhere in this report, casting methods and drying conditions have been found to have a drastic effect on film permeability to both water and salt. Errors that became evident in temperature control indicated that some of the previous high rates were obtained at temperatures considerably higher than the 100 degrees C that was intended and reported."
Date: December 1962
Creator: Monsanto Research Corporation
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
open access

Further Properties of Hydrates and Hydrating Agents

Description: Report presenting accounts of progress in saline water conversion with the expectation that the exchange of the data will contribute to the long-range development of economical processes applicable to large-scale, low-cost demineralization of sea or other saline water.
Date: January 1963
Creator: Syracuse University. Research Institute.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Report
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